Triangular Patch Antenna Research Articles

T형 Slot을 삽입한 삼각형 안테나

본 논문에서는 T형 슬롯을 삽입한 정삼각형 패치 안테나의 특성을 관찰하였고, 정삼각형 패치 내부에 얇은 가로 또는 세로 슬롯을 삽입하였을 때, 슬롯의 변화에 따른 이중 공진 주파수의 변화를 관찰하여 유전체의 높이가 매우 낮은 기판에 적합한 T형 슬롯을 삽입한 정삼각형 패치 안테나를 제안하였다. 제안된 안테나는 <TEX>${\epsilon}_r=3.38$</TEX>, 유전체의 높이가 8[mils] (=0.2032mm)인 기판을 사용하였고, 비교된 가로와 세로 슬롯의 안테나의 특성은 앙상블8.0 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 비교하였으며, 제작된 안테나의 이론적, 실험적 결과들이 비교되었다. This paper observed characteristics of a triangular microstrip patch antenna with T-slot. When a narrow horizontal slot or vertical slot is embedded in a triangular microstrip antenna, we investigated variations of dual resonant frequency according to slot lengths and then we could make a triangular microstrip antenna with T-type slot suitable to a very low dielectric substrate. The proposed antennas used a dielectric substrate which has relative dielectric constant <TEX>${\epsilon}_r=3.38$</TEX> and a height of 8 [mils] (=0.2032mm) and antenna characteristics of horizontal or vertical slot antennas are compared by a ensemble 8.0 simulator. Theoretical and experimental results of manufactured antennas are compared.

Transmission line delay‐based radio frequency identification (RFID) tag

AbstractThis paper presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and characterization of a transmission delay line‐based RFID tag. The ID generating circuit is designed based on the transmission delay line concept. A compact, inset‐fed triangular patch antenna resonant at 915 MHz frequency is developed for integration with the tag application. The layout of the tag has been realized using conventional photolithography. Tags with a 5‐ and 10‐ns delay ID generation circuits have been tested using input signals of 10‐ns width. An OOK (On‐Off Keying) modulation technique is employed for characterization of the tag. The received output consists of delayed signal from the tag added to the direct signal from the transmitter. Transmission delay line‐based RFID technology can be exploited for low‐end commercial applications that has a large market. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1900–1904, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22599

Dual-band triangular patch antenna with modified ground plane

A triangular patch antenna with a parasitic element over a modified small ground plane is presented. The antenna operates at two frequency bands with bandwidths exceeding 20% at the 2.45 and 5 GHz network bands. The ground is modified by cutting a large rectangular slot in it that allows tuning of the frequency bands and adjustment of the band spacing ratio.

Compact designs of a shorted triangular patch antenna with a V slot

AbstractThe compact designs of a shorted triangular patch antenna embedded with a V slot are proposed and studied. A broadband V‐slotted triangular patch antenna with one shorting wall is initially constructed as a reference. By inserting an additional shorting wall to this reference antenna, a new broadband operation can be obtained and its operating frequency is decreased by 22%, which corresponds to a reduction of 40% in the antenna area. The antenna area can be further reduced by symmetrically halving the patch size, and it is found that the impedance bandwidth of the broadband operation demonstrated no obvious variation and the operating frequency is only increased by around 8%. Details of the antenna designs and obtained results are presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 34–37, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22061

Broadband short-circuited triangular patch antenna

The design of a short-circuited triangular patch antenna with broadband operation is presented. By placing two shorting walls at the opposite edges of a tip-truncated triangular patch antenna with a V-shaped slot, two resonant modes can be excited simultaneously and they can be coupled together to achieve the broadband operation. The key parameters of the proposed antenna are investigated experimentally to show how to obtain 50 Ω input impedance and optimum bandwidth. An antenna prototype designed for covering UMTS and ISM bands (1.92–2.48 GHz) is completed and tested. The measured results show the 10 dB impedance bandwidth is more than 25%, and the antenna height is less than 0.06 free-space wavelengths.

Dual‐frequency design of a shorted triangular patch antenna

AbstractA single‐feed shorted triangular patch antenna that can be operated at two different frequency bands is proposed and studied. The radiation patterns at the two operating frequencies are similar to those of a normal triangular patch antenna operated at its TM11 and TM21 modes, which are a monopolelike conical pattern and a broadside pattern, respectively. In addition, the impedance bandwidth, referring to the 10‐dB return loss, is 18% at the lower operating frequency and 9.4% at the high operating frequency. Details of the antenna designs and the obtained results are presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 749–751, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21463

Circularly polarised equilateral triangular patch antenna for mobile satellite communications

A left-handed circularly polarised (LHCP) triangular patch antenna is developed to support the next generation of mobile satellite communications using Engineering Test Satellite VIII (ETS-VIII). The targeted minimum gain of the antenna is set to 5 dBic for applications of a hundred kbps data transfer with an axial ratio less than 3 dB for circular polarisation. A dual-proximity-coupled equilateral triangular patch antenna is proposed and simulated by the method of moments (MoM) for finite and infinite ground plane models to investigate the ground plane effect. Then measurements of the fabricated antenna are performed to confirm the simulation results. The measurement results show that the frequency characteristics of the fabricated antenna is 0.2% shifted to the higher frequency, and the maximum gain is 0.45 dB lower than the result of the finite ground plane model. Additionally, the simulation results show the ground plane size influences the antenna characteristics, especially the gain and axial ratio of the developed antenna.

Circularly polarised equilateral triangular patch array antenna for mobile satellite communications

A satellite-tracking left-handed circularly polarised triangular-patch array antenna has been developed to support the next generation of mobile satellite communications using Japanese Engineering Test Satellite VIII. The targeted minimum gain of the antenna was set to 5 dBic at an elevation of 48° in the Tokyo area, for applications of about a hundred kbit/s data transfer. The antenna is composed of three equilateral triangular patches and fed by a dual-proximity feed. The influence of the array configuration on the characteristic of this antenna is investigated using a method of moments (MoM) approach and a simple point source model. The measurement of the fabricated antenna was then performed to confirm the simulation results. The result showed that the 10 mm distance between the patch apex to the centre of the array antenna satisfies the target. The frequency characteristic of the fabricated antenna is 0.7% shifted to the higher frequency, and the maximum gain is 0.9 dB lower than the simulation results. The result also shows that the characteristic of the patch array antenna satisfies the specification at elevation angle El=48°, especially the 5 dBic gain coverage of the results covers the whole azimuth angle in a conical-cut plane at El=48°.

Triangular microstrip array on NiZn substrate in the L‐band

AbstractThe radiation characteristics of a microstrip planar array of triangular patch antennas printed on NiZn ferrite substrate with a normal magnetic bias field are described. The extra degree of freedom offered by the biased ferrite can be used to obtain a number of novel characteristics, including switchable and tunable radiations from a microstrip antenna with a single feed point. In such a case, for antenna radiation, most of the power is converted into magnetostatic waves and little power radiates in the air. Under such circumstances, the antennas are off, in the sense that they are effectively absent as radiators. The radiation properties of the present array system in the L‐band (2 GHz) are analyzed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 286–290, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20447

Resonant Frequency of Equilateral Triangular Microstrip Antenna With and Without Air Gap

A tunable equilateral triangular microstrip patch (ETMP) antenna with a variable air gap between the substrate and the ground plane has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Calculated resonant frequencies for different air gap heights have been verified with measurements of a coax-fed antenna. The tunability of the antenna as a function of the air gap height is studied theoretically showing over 200% tunable range of an ETMP with 50 mm side length printed on a substrate with /spl epsiv//sub r/=10.5. The computed results for the antennas with zero air gap height are compared with a standard spectral domain moment method analysis supported by other previously reported experiments. Very close agreement is revealed in all comparisons.

Low-profile design of dual-frequency and dual-polarised triangular microstrip antennas

A single-feed triangular microstrip patch antenna that can be operated at two distinct resonant modes is proposed. The two resonant modes can radiate an omnidirectional dipole-like pattern with linear polarisation and a broadside pattern with circular polarisation, respectively. To achieve the required frequency ratio of the two operating frequency bands, several designs of the proposed antennas with different substrate thickness and patch sizes are studied. In addition, these designs can easily obtain a 50 Ω input impedance without any additional matching circuit. Details of the antenna design and obtained performance are presented.

A compact ultrawideband triangular patch antenna

AbstractThe characteristics of an F‐shaped‐probe feeding a triangular patch antenna with a small‐size ground plane have been simulated and measured. A −10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 47% and an average gain of 6.4 dBi have been achieved. The phase of the far‐field over the bandwidth has been studied to analyze the distortion induced by the antenna on an ultra‐wideband (UWB) pulse signal. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 287–289, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11354

Broadband triangular patch antenna with a folded shorting wall

This letter presents a broadband triangular shaped patch antenna with a folded shorting wall. The effect of the folded shorting wall is studied and a modified patch shape is proposed. A stable gain of 6.4 dBi is found over a bandwidth of 28.1% (for S11<-10 dB). The proposed antenna exhibits 48% area reduction and 34% bandwidth enhancement when comparing with the conventional (half-wave or full-wave) rectangular patch antenna.

A novel broadband triple‐layer triangular patch antenna

AbstractA novel broadband L‐band patch antenna is presented. The proposed antenna consists of three layers, each containing a triangular patch of a different size. The layers are separated by substrates of equal thickness and permittivity. The antenna is fed through the lowest patch, with the upper patches fed parasitically. Both simulation and experimental results show relatively broadband characteristics. The antenna has a fair gain, comparable to that of single‐layer patch antennas. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 66–70, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11286

Dual‐port dual‐polarization stacked triangular patch antennas

AbstractThis paper presents a design for stacked triangular patch antennas with two feeds for achieving dual‐polarized operations. The top radiating element of the stacked structure is a single‐feed, triangular, planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) with a V‐shaped slot, which can radiate an omnidirectional dipole‐like pattern with linear polarization at two separated frequencies. The bottom radiating element is an equilateral‐triangular microstrip patch with two shorting pins, which provides circularly polarized broadside radiation patterns. The proposed stacked structure can not only provide a compact design, but can also be easily installed. In addition, an isolation of better than −20 dB between the feed ports was obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 502–505, 2003

Dual feeding active integrated antenna

A dual feeding active integrated antenna with high isolation between the Tx and Rx ports of a single triangular patch antenna is presented. The proposed antenna suppresses the third harmonics and isolates the Tx signal at the Rx ports to a high degree. The measured results of the return loss, isolation, and radiation patterns are provided.

Experimental study of a broadband U‐slot triangular patch antenna

AbstractThis Letter describes a U‐shaped aperture‐coupled U‐slot triangular patch antenna fed by microstrip feed line. Because a thick aperture substrate with a dual U‐slot patch radiator are used in the design, a high level of coupling to the feed line results. The measured bandwidth of approximately 84.9% (VSWR ≤ 2.0) and a gain of 6.5 dBi have been obtained. The experimental far‐field patterns are stable across the passband. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 325–327, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10451

Cross‐polarization level reduction of broadband triangular patch antenna with dual L‐strip lines

AbstractThis article presents a design for a dual L‐strip lines to excite a triangular patch antenna with a thick air substrate to obtain a wide operating bandwidth with cross‐polarization level reduction. The dual L‐strip lines are face‐to‐face with a 180°‐phase shift to cancel the cross‐polarization radiation. Experimental results show that the proposed triangular patch antenna can have wider impedance bandwidth and much reduced cross‐polarization radiation across the entire operating bandwidth, compared to the case with a single L‐strip line. The measured antenna gain of the proposed broadband patch antenna has about 2.5 dB greater than that of single L‐strip line feed design. Details of the proposed design and experimental results of the constructed prototypes are presented and discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 300–303, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10301

Broadband aperture‐coupled T‐shaped microstrip‐fed triangular patch antenna

AbstractIn this letter, we propose a new structure of an aperture coupled T‐shaped microstrip‐fed triangular patch antenna, which has similar radiation pattern properties, with the advantage of being physically smaller than the aperture‐coupled rectangular patch antenna or microstrip slot antenna, and a bandwidth that is greater than the conventional triangle microstrip antenna. The measured bandwidth was 44.5% (VSWR≤2.0). Experimental results for the radiation pattern and the gain are presented. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 262–264, 2001.

Small wideband triangular patch antenna with an L‐probe feeding

AbstractExperimental results for an L‐probe‐fed shorted triangular patch antenna are presented. Using a foam layer of thickness ∼0.13λ0 as a supported substrate, an impedance bandwidth of 61% (SWR≤2) and a gain of over 4.0 dBi in the bandwidth have been obtained. The far‐field patterns are stable across the passband. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 218–220, 2001.