Trends In Nutrition Research Articles

Eating Habits and Sustainable Food Production in the Development of Innovative “Healthy” Snacks

In recent years, science about nutrition and food technology has grown enormously. These advances have provided information about the human body’s need for certain nutrients and the impact of human nutrition on quality of life and health. New technologies enable the production of many new products that meet the expectations of food consumers. To meet the challenges posed by consumers, food producers are developing new food products that are included in the next generation food. Changing nutritional trends force the food industry and technologists to look for innovative products that are not only ready for immediate consumption, but are also unique in terms of nutritional value and contain a minimum number of additives. Existing research trends are intended to develop innovative products, which can be considered a healthy snack that can help in the fight against obesity, especially among children. Such products are freeze-dried fruit or vegetable gels, fruit skins or edible films. The aim of the work is to present a review of the problem of increasing childhood obesity, the place of snacks in the daily diet and the possibility of replacing unhealthy, high-calorie snacks with alternative products with beneficial properties, in which balanced production is used. For example, the use of freeze-drying and the addition of only natural hydrocolloids provides an “clean label” healthy snack that is appreciated by conscious consumers.

The changes of soil nutrient status after a 10y period in the Natural Forest Region Český les

The periodical survey of forest nutrition was done in the in the Natural Forest Region (NFR) of Český les – the mountain range on a state border between the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany. The results of chemical analysis done in 2015 were compared with those provided in 2004. The trend of mineral nutrition deteriorating of forest trees has been going on, except for magnesium. The content of magnesium in spruce needles was found to be higher by 56.6 mg·kg<sup>–1</sup> in the current year’s needles and by 24.8 mg·kg<sup>–1</sup> in the previous year´s ones. The contents of magnesium in soil determined in the extract of HNO<sub>3</sub> were significantly higher. The increase is 389 mg·kg<sup>–1</sup>, 373 mg·kg<sup>–1</sup> and 312 mg·kg<sup>–1</sup> in the forest floor, respectively in organomineral and mineral horizons. However, it is not valid for the available values determined by the Mehlich method. The determination of nutrient values in the extract of HNO<sub>3</sub> seems to be suitable for the evaluation of changes occurred in soil and probably for the simulation of nutrition strategy of trees.

Have Swiss adult males and females stopped growing taller? Evidence from the population-based nutrition survey menuCH, 2014/2015

Data from the National Nutrition Survey for adults (menuCH) allow for the assessment of recent trends in measured height by year of birth for adult men and women from a population-based sample. The aim of the present study was to test if – similarly to conscripts and schoolchildren – the Swiss adult population stopped growing taller in recent birth cohorts, and if so, when the change occurred.We found that – when self-reported – height was overestimated on average by about 1 cm in both men and women, with an increasing tendency with older age and with shorter height. Average measured height increased by 4.5–5.0 cm for adult men and women between the birth years 1937–1949 and 1990–1995. However, this increase was not linear, and starting with the 1970s birth years, average height plateaued on a level of about 178 cm for men and 166 cm for women. Being born outside of Switzerland or adjustment for potential shrinkage with increasing age did not change this temporal pattern. We also found shorter average height among participants from the Italian part of Switzerland and those with lower educational level.It remains unclear if the phenomenon of stabilisation affects all subgroups of the Swiss population. Future studies should combine a larger number of population-based surveys to enhance the sample size, for example, for people with a migration background or with different educational levels. Continuing growth monitoring needs to be performed to assess if environmental and demographic changes with an impact on body growth (adverse trends in nutrition, increasing social inequality in health, ethnic composition of the population) positively or negatively influence future trends in average height.

Changing trend in nutrition and food consumption predisposes school children to overweight and obesity in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

The consumption of instant foods like pasta and sweetened soft drinks have virtually replaced the traditional diets among children. This changing trend in food consumption could negatively affect the health status of school-aged children. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of consumption of instant foods (pasta) on anthropometric parameters and nutrient intake among children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Participants (126 healthy children, 66 boys and 60 girls, aged 4-12 years) were recruited from nursery and primary schools in Ife Central Local Government, Ile-Ife. The anthropometric measurements were taken and participants were classified based on body mass index (BMI) percentiles. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to evaluate participants' pasta consumption patterns, while food intakes were obtained through 24-h dietary recall. The samples of food consumed by the children were analyzed for their nutrient contents. Nutrient intake was calculated using the data obtained from 24-h dietary recall and the results were compared with the recommended dietary allowances. The average estimated energy intakes were 6167 kJ and 6095 kJ for male and female participants, respectively. The energy intake per kg body weight increased with increasing frequency of the consumption of pasta. There was a positive correlation ( r = 0.873 and 0.998 at P ≤ 0.05 for male and female participants, respectively) between energy intake and weight. The BMI classification showed that 12% of males and 17% of females were overweight or obese. It can be concluded that the consumption of pasta could predispose children to overweight/obesity.

Global Food and Nutrition Trends: Driving Positive Momentum for Grains

Global Food and Nutrition Trends: Driving Positive Momentum for Grains

The rules for proper nutrition in sports

The present review aims to make a comprehensive view on the nutritional needs and habits of athletes in different sports. With this review we would like to take into consideration and comment on the various trends in sports nutrition, making a summary of the various situations that arise for those who do sports, even competitive. First the basic principles for proper nutrition will be listed, then some aspects of pre-race nutrition and which foods to prefer for the speedy recovery of energy. The need for some athletes to maintain their weight, both for better performance and for the needs of the type of sport practiced, when athletes are divided into categories based on weight, will also be taken into consideration Finally, the metabolic pathways important for athletic performance will be examined in detail, evaluating the properties and validity of the individual nutrients and some supplements, for their best efficiency.

Culinary Trends in the Republic of Croatia as Part of Gastro Tourism Development

The main aim of this article is to explore the trends of gastro tourism, the development of gastro tourism in the Republic of Croatia, the gastronomic offer of Croatia, the potentials and opportunities for the advancement of gastronomy in Croatia's tourist offer. The research shows representation of new trends in today's gastro tourism market such as molecular food, slow food, macrobiotic food, eco, functional and vegetarian food. The main purpose is to find out to which extent are specific trends represented in Croatian restaurants.The methodology used is secondary research, desk research, method of analysis and synthesis, comparative method, quantitative research, interview as well as the observation from real life. As part of the quantitative method there is a survey conducted amongst 30 Croatian restaurants; 10 restaurants in continental Croatia and 20 restaurants in the area of coastal Croatia (among the best in 2016). Questions were asked about the extent to which the contemporary gastronomic trends were represented on the menus of selected Croatian restaurants. An interview was conducted with founder and owner of Palatin restaurant in Varazdin.Findings show that Croatian restaurants are aware of new trends in nutrition and culinary area, but the offer of dishes covered by these trends is insufficient. Gastro tourism as a selective form of tourism is poorly associated as a special segment. It is assumed that around 3% of the total world travel is motivated by gastronomy as the primary motive of travel. Considering that tourism in Croatia is an important economic activity. Croatia's gastronomic offer surely can be measured with the offer of other European destinations, such as Spain, Italy and other countries on this issue, but sadly this potential of Croatia is still poorly used.

Nutrition Trends in Kidney Transplant Recipients: the Importance of Dietary Monitoring and Need for Evidence-Based Recommendations.

Many physiological properties of the renal system influence nutrient metabolism, elimination, and homeostasis. Kidney failure poses significant challenges to maintaining adequate nutrition, most of which transplantation ameliorates. Comprehensive recommendations for managing nutritional derangements for patients with chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease exist; however, there are only sparse guidelines for post-transplant malnutrition and adverse outcomes. Not only are guidelines limited, but little is known about dietary trends of post-kidney transplant recipients. This review describes guidelines for prevalent metabolic and nutritional complications post-kidney transplantation and also evaluates changes in caloric intake and diet composition after transplantation. This topic is important because nutrition influences allograft function and a number of cardiovascular risk factors including blood pressure, dyslipidemia, weight, and diabetes. In addition, many dietary recommendations and modifiable lifestyle changes should be tailored for specific complications of transplant patients, namely immunosuppression side effects, dietary restrictions, and electrolyte imbalances.

In situ riboflavin fortification of different kefir-like cereal-based beverages using selected Andean LAB strains

Cereal-based functional beverages represent social, economic, and environmental sustainable opportunities to cope with emerging trends in food consumption and global nutrition. Here we report, for the first time, the polyphasic characterization of three cereal-based kefir-like riboflavin-enriched beverages, obtained from oat, maize and barley flours, and their comparison with classical milk-based kefir. The four matrices were successfully fermented with commercial starters: i) milk-kefir and ii) water-kefir, proving the potential of cereal ingredients in the formulation of dairy-like fermented beverages with milk-kefir starter behavior better in these matrices. In the light of their potentiality, seven riboflavin-producing Andean Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) were tested for tolerance to food stresses commonly encountered during food fermentation. Moreover, the LAB strains investigated were screened for spontaneous riboflavin overproducing derivatives. Lactobacillus plantarum M5MA1-B2 with outstanding response to stress, was selected to improve riboflavin content in an in situ fortification approach. The combination of L. plantarum M5MA1-B2 riboflavin overproducing strain with milk kefir starter in oat, lead to cover, for one serving of 100 g, 11.4% of Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Besides, addition of L. plantarum M5MA1-B2 improved performance of water kefir in oat and maize matrices. Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) analysis provided the on-line Volatile Organic Compounds profiles supporting the best combination of starter, LAB and cereal matrix for novel functional foods development.

Effects of gastrostomy fee schedule revision on artificial nutrition routes among older people with dementia in Japan: A time series observational study.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the 2014 Japanese fee schedule revision on trends in artificial nutrition routes, including gastrostomy, nasogastric tube and parenteral nutrition, among older people with dementia, using time series analysis. The study used claim data in Japan submitted to Fukuoka Late Elders' Health Insurance from fiscal year 2010 to fiscal year 2016. We identified older people with dementia provided for the first time with artificial nutrition via gastrostomy, nasogastric tube or central venous line and aggregated their data by month. Interrupted time series analyses were used to examine trends in artificial nutrition routes over time. The numbers of older people with dementia receiving nutrition via gastrostomy, nasogastric tube and parenterally declined consistently. The slopes for pre-revision trends in gastrostomy, nasogastric tube and parenteral nutrition procedures were all significantly negative in the interrupted time series analyses. The post-revision trends in gastrostomy and parenteral nutrition continuously had significant negative slopes. In contrast, the significant negative trend in nasogastric tube procedures in the pre-revision period had disappeared during the post-revision period. The study showed that the fee schedule revision had limited impact on gastrostomy and parenteral nutrition. However the trend for nasogastric tube was ambiguous; hence, sustainable surveillance is required for evidence-based health policy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1405-1409.

STUDY OF THE USE OF EDIBLE POWDERS TOMATO SAUCE TECHNOLOGIES

Considered the technology for the production of edible powders from vegetable raw materials. The technology for producing powders from berries is developed to produce a high-quality product in which all ingredients of raw materials are stored in a concentrated form.The current trend in nutrition is related to the expansion of the range of functional products whose daily use contributes to the prevention of hypovitaminoses and metabolic disorders, and ultimately to the rehabilitation of the population. New, non-traditional sources of local raw materials, including plant based products, need to be explored and exploited in order to address the issue of instantiate new generation of healthy foods, and the development of technologies for obtaining functionalities. The use of fruit crops, the most source of biologically active substances, is very promising in this direction.The Department of Preservation Technology of the National University Food Technology has conducted a study to enable the use of fruit and berries for food powders. To this end, powder has been obtained from the blueberry berries of ordinary, with the establishment of its physico-chemical properties.The patterns of the influence of the blueberry powder on the functional properties of the foodstuffs were investigated in the example of tomato sauces.Analysis of the results of the studies has shown that a blueberry berry powder can be used in the production of canned and other products not only to enrich their functional ingredients but also to provide them with new technological properties. The food powders received do not contain harmful impurities, have high food value, are easily absorbed by the body, compact and long periods of time. Studies have shown that the blueberry powder is a rich source of vitamins (c acid, β-carotene, tocopherol) and can be used successfully in the manufacture of tomato sauces with functional properties.

Trends in olive nutrition

Current knowledge suggest that a nutrient should be supplied only when there is evidence that it is needed to assure normal growth and productivity and when an economic response to fertilizer application is expected. However, current fertilization practice in many olive orchards is the repetition of fertilization programs, even when, in most cases, the nutritional status of the orchard was unknown. This practice usually leads to excessive fertilizer application. Leaf-nutrient analysis provides an indication of tree nutritional status and represents an important tool for determining fertilization requirements. Although this technique is becoming popular, leaf analysis is underutilized in olive growing. Predicting the amount of fertilizers required when leaf analysis indicates the need for fertilization is not simple. An estimation of tree consumption could provide some information about this need. The amount of nutrient removal by yield and pruning might be of interest. Potassium is the most abundant element in the olive fruit, and calcium the most abundant in the pruning material. Nitrogen is the second most abundant element in both fruits and pruning material. The other nutrients are removed in very small amounts, and usually are provided by soil solution. In accordance with these data, surveys and experiments conducted in different growing areas, the main nutritional imbalances that can affect the majority of olive orchards are represented by potassium deficiencies, mainly in drylands, calcium deficiencies, expected in acidic soils, and nitrogen overfertilization, since it is commonly applied in fertilization programs. Other imbalances are usually localized, such as iron deficiencies in calcareous soils, and boron and zinc in some areas where these nutrients are unavailable. In some areas, it is also common to find boron excess. Phosphorus is usually applied in fertilization programs, although it is very rare to reach phosphorus deficiencies since it is easily reused by the trees and phosphorus removal is low. Taking into account that the reserves of phosphate rock are finite, more responsible use of P fertilizers is required to minimize this problem.

Global nutrition 1990–2015: A shrinking hungry, and expanding fat world

ObjectivesFollowing its publication in 2008, the Global Nutritional Index (GNI) which captures the triple burden of malnutrition, has been updated to assess the overall nutritional status and nutritional trends of countries, regions and the world, including both under-nutrition and over-nutrition.MethodsThe GNI was modeled on the Human Development Index, using geometric means of three normalized indicators: protein-energy malnutrition (PEM, measured by Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from PEM), micronutrient deficiency (MID, measured by DALYs from MID), and penalizing obesity (percent female obesity). GNI (range 0–1) was calculated from 1990–2015 for 186 countries, in seven World Bank income and WHO region groupings.ResultsWorld GNI increased from 0.433 to 0.473 as decreased deficits overcompensated for the rise in obesity. GNI for African low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) (median 0.301 to 0.392) and South-East Asian LMIC (0.456 to 0.564) improved significantly (P<0.001), while for high-income countries (0.657 to 0.611) worsened significantly (P<0.001). GNI for American LMIC (0.459 to 0.457), European LMIC (0.571 to 0.575), Eastern Mediterranean LMIC (0.484 to 0.483) and Western Pacific LMIC (0.433 to 0.494) were unchanged. The disaggregation of the GNI showed that in nearly all the seven country groups there was a significant decrease in both PEM and MID (all P<0.01) (except in HIC where only PEM dropped), and a significant increase in obesity (all P<0.001).ConclusionThese trends are the result of the reciprocal changes between decreased under-nutrition and increased over-nutrition, which has become a major cause of malnutrition worldwide. We suggest, therefore, that future Sustainable Development Goals should include alongside “zero hunger”–“reduce obesity”.

Current trends in feeding and nutrition of zoo animals: A review

Concerned with the declined population of many native species India, considerable attention has been paid on ex-and in situ conservation of endangered species. It is imperative to say that no ex-situ conservation programme would meet success until adequate and balanced nutrition is provided to the animals. However, only limited information is available on nutrition and feeding of wild animals in captivity. An attempt has been made to give a comprehensive picture related to feeding and nutrition so as to formulate diet schedule for different species of captive animals with an aim of improved reproduction, longevity, health and welfare of zoo-housed animals. Feeding of excessive concentrates may lead to acidosis, laminitis and obesity. Hence, the amount of concentrates should contribute not more than 25–30% of the total calorie requirement of the zoo-housed herbivores. Captive carnivores are also susceptible to obesity and related health problems. Hence, their diet should be restricted according to their body weight. There are certain reports which indicate that feeding of prebiotics and exogenous antioxidant may improve immune status and the ability of zoo-housed animals to combat stress. Future research should focus on to develop nutritional strategies that would improve reproductive performance, health and welfare of the zoo-housed animals.

Paradigm shift: Efficient and cost effective real-time nutritional assessment technique

For several decades, nutritional anthropometry has been used in the assessment of nutritional status and growth monitoring for individuals and at population level. Techniques, equipment and standardization procedures endorsed by The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and The World Health Organization (WHO) for measurements of body size are extensively used, have evolved and advanced in precision. However, new challenges are emerging with each new equipment and technique for data collection, including; difficulty in calibrating and durability of equipment, frequent observational errors, delays in generating nutritional data, relatively high cost of data collection in the field, and scarcity of nutritional experts to manage assessments and analyse data. Moreover, some health facilities collect selective nutritional data (weight and age) required for drug prescriptions only and often lack a repository for the raw data, making it difficult to assess nutritional trends for individual patients and compare nutritional status of populations over time. In the last one decade, there has been a shift towards the use of high technology in data collection for social studies, which is faster, more accurate and reliable when compared to conventional methods. Advancement in technology has seen the development of high precision digital clinical scales for measuring weight and height/length for individuals and populations with readily installed software for calculating nutritional indices and interfaces, such as, Bluetooth, USB or Wi-Fi, for transmitting data. In the proposed real-time nutritional assessment system, we combine GPS-Coordinates, anthropometric data from high precision digital clinical scales; fingerprint coded data, with indicators derived from food security, water, sanitation, maternal and child health data in the smartphone platform. Through the cellular network, the combined data is transmitted to a specialised designed web-based visualisation interface where it is analysed and presented on a dashboard in a form of interactive dynamic graphs and charts. After deriving the nutritional indices, the system superimposes colour coded anthropometric results for study subjects to display their immediate nutritional status. Subsequently, these assessment results are simultaneously transmitted through live-web to the desktops of assessment supervisors, programmers, and developing partners who actively interact as results trickle in and can make intervention decisions in real time. This efficient and cost-effective nutrition assessment system is proposed because it generates nutritional data that provides the most current nutritional status of an individual and target population; monitors trends of nutritional status; identifies priority individuals and areas for immediate nutritional interventions; and evaluates the effectiveness of nutrition and health intervention programmes. Keywords: Nutrition assessments, Anthropometric, Mobile data collection, Real-time, Data Visualization

Food Quality and Nutritional Profile of Students from a Public School in Brazil

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Feeding is directly related to nutritional status and alterations as obesity and malnutrition, affecting human body and increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of children and adolescents in a public school located in Uberaba MG Brazil by comparing macro and micronutrients on the school menu with PNAE (Brazilian government program) recommendations. A descriptive cross-sectional study including 547 individuals was carried out. Nutritional assessment was done based on anthropometric Z-score analysis. Only the food ingestion made at the school was considered, in order to verify if the meals offered by the school meet the percentage of nutrients recommended by PNAE. With regard to the nutritional status, there was a small proportion of students (0.18%) with low weight (-3 ? Z &amp;lt; -2). There was 15% prevalence of overweight (overweight, obesity, and severe obesity) among students. Menus composition revealed that macronutrients, fiber, and energy intake was lower than that recommended by PNAE for all age groups studied. The prevalence of a considerable number of overweight students is a warning for interventions to prevent obesity. A small percentage of students classified as low weight represents a nutritional transition trend in recent years.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Photo-Texting, a Self-Assessment Technique for the Home Food Environment

This paper explores a methodology of photo-texting to assess and improve upon the home food environment (HFE); a method which aims to engage participants with nutrition and food security among households. Various approaches to assessing and intervening within the HFE have demonstrated the efficacy of strengthening household food practices, improving food security, and dietary behaviors. However, public health practitioners face barriers in assessing the HFE. These include the intimate nature of the home setting, as well as the significant time, labor, and costs required to complete a comprehensive HFE assessment. Photo elicitation, though, provides a flexible strategy, while also empowering participants and conserving the resources of practitioners. This technique permits the collection of reflective self-assessments and provides a platform for goal setting. In this paper, we describe the step-by-step method of a photo elicitation technique that was developed to overcome the challenges with HFE research techniques. Furthermore, the described method may be beneficial as a practice tool to coach participants to self-assess their nutrition environment and to recognize behavioral factors within their homes and families. A pilot study of the photo-texting technique was implemented to identify lessons learned and illustrate feasibility. Results from the pilot study reveal participant engagement in all photo assignment, food and nutrition trends within the HFE, and effective goal setting techniques. Furthermore, participants reported favorable attitudes toward this technique of community-participatory research. There are many opportunities to facilitate effective HFE changes by utilizing the photo-texting technique and applying it to public health practice and research settings.

75 years of Family Food, 50 years of the British Nutrition Foundation

AbstractThe Family Food survey recently published its 75th consecutive year of estimates. It has been monitoring household expenditure, purchases and derived nutritional intake since 1940. The story of its inception involves some significant names in the history of nutrition, some of whom were also important figures in the early years of the British Nutrition Foundation. This paper recounts the history of the survey from 1940 to the present day and comments on some selected long‐term nutritional trends the data reveal.

Malnutrition trends in preschool children from a primary healthcare center in Baghdad: A comparative two-year study (2006 and 2012).

Background: Nutritional disorders still represent a major problem faced by developing countries. Surveying such problems is a step towards planning proper interventions, which contributes significantly to declines in under-five mortality rates. Aims: To study the state of nutritional trends in children under five years of age, attending a primary healthcare center in Al Shoula district, Iraq, in 2006 and 2012. Demographic features and feeding practices that may have had an effect on the nutritional status of children were also studied. Subjects and methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted on children aged two to five years, in a primary healthcare center in Baghdad. Children attending for immunization were included (500 in 2006 and 570 in 2012), their mothers were interviewed, and the body mass index of the child was calculated. Children who were overweight and obese were identified, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention charts, as those suffering from stunting. Nutritional parameters were compared between the two study groups, using the chi-square test, as well as various epidemiological factors that may have affected the outcomes. Results: The prevalence of both types of nutritional disorders (stunting and overweight and obesity) declined remarkably according to the 2012 survey; overweight and obesity declined from 20% to 7.2%, while stunting decreased from 51.2% to 30.9%. The age group showing the highest rate of improvement were the four to five year olds, as well as children from lower-income families. A higher rate of breastfeeding was reported in 2012, and breastfed babies suffered the least from both types of nutritional disorders, in both study groups. Overall, the study findings showed a high prevalence of stunting (30.9%), together with a significant level of overweight and obesity (7.2%). Conclusion: Children in Iraq suffer from high rates of stunting. With a moderately high rate of obesity, there is an urgent need to evaluate local data available and plan for an active intervention to combat these nutritional problems.

The Role of Trust, Knowledge Diffusion and Contracts in Sunflower Production Chains in Brazil

The replacement of animal protein by plant protein is a trend in human nutrition and sunflower appears as a promising raw material. Dealing with innovation in the food industry requires attention not only to the product development process, but to the whole production chain related to it. Within this context and in face of the potential participation of Brazil in the business of sunflower protein food ingredients, this study aims to describe and analyze the operational dynamics of sunflower production chains in Brazil. To deal with this issue, we adopted the multiple-case study approach based on three production chains of sunflower oil in Brazil. Transaction cost economics and social network are the theoretical background for the analysis. Our findings suggest an environment with high transaction costs in the operation of the production chains of sunflower oil in Brazil. The processing company is the chain coordinator agent, being responsible to attract the farmers to the business of sunflower, using the strategies of crop promotion and verticalization. Crop promotion is in some degree the pattern of chain operation for all cases. It refers to a set of actions generally coordinated by the processing company aiming to encourage and assist farmers in the growing of sunflower. Moreover, it serves as a trust building and supervision strategy. Regional features influence the chain operation in terms of crop promotion applied by the processing company and the role of agents from farm supply retail stores (FSRS). The strategies of crop promotion and verticalization have not been sufficient to easily guarantee the provision of sunflower to the processing companies. Our findings show that if investments in the production of sunflower protein food ingredients are to be made in Brazil, it is necessary to consider the complex institutional arrangements in which the sunflower production chains operate, seeking to guarantee the necessary provision of raw material for the processing company.