There is good news and bad news when it comes to our understanding of inflammation in the pathogenesis and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The bad news is that, like the dexamethasone suppression test or the efficacy of antidepressants before it, inflammation is oversold as an answer to the mystery of depression and its treatment. The good news is that an unusually replicable set of findings (for psychiatry) increasingly paints a consistent picture of the ways in which inflammation is of value in understanding MDD. In the current issue of Biological Psychiatry, Attwells et al. ( 1 Attwells S. Setiawan E. Rusjan P.M. Xu C. Hutton C. Rafiei D. et al. Translocator protein distribution volume predicts reduction of symptoms during open-label trial of celecoxib in major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2020; 88: 649-656 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (16) Google Scholar ) simultaneously extend and confirm what we know already about how brain and body work together when it comes to inflammation and its role in MDD. SEE CORRESPONDING ARTICLE ON PAGE 649 SEE CORRESPONDING ARTICLE ON PAGE 649 Translocator Protein Distribution Volume Predicts Reduction of Symptoms During Open-Label Trial of Celecoxib in Major Depressive DisorderBiological PsychiatryVol. 88Issue 8PreviewGliosis is common among neuropsychiatric diseases, but the relationship between gliosis and response to therapeutics targeting effects of gliosis is largely unknown. Translocator protein total distribution volume (TSPO VT), measured with positron emission tomography, mainly reflects gliosis in neuropsychiatric disease. Here, the primary objective was to determine whether TSPO VT in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) predicts reduction of depressive symptoms following open-label celecoxib administration in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Full-Text PDF