Treatment Of Chemical Industry Wastewater Research Articles

High-Strength, Chemical Industry Wastewater Treatment Feasibility Study for Energy Recovery

This paper presents an experimental study on the treatment of industrial chemical wastewater with a high organic load; it is aimed at process cost optimization and possible energy and resources recovery. The facility generates five separate streams of liquid waste, which range in organic strength from practically nil to 400,000 mg/L, with individual flows ranging from 2 to 1400 m3/d. The combined strength and the flow of all the streams are approximately 1500 mg/L COD and 1500 m3/d, respectively; however, excluding the cleaner one (the cooling and condensation water), the maximum average COD concentration rises to 115,000 mg/L, at a flow of 16 m3/d. These wastes are currently trucked away for external processing, at a high cost. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of the onsite treatment of the facility’s waste streams with energy recovery and water reuse. Various approaches were examined, including anaerobic treatment for biogas recovery. The preliminary characterization, however, showed strong inhibition toward anaerobic biomass, and in particular to methanogenesis, induced by some waste components. Further testing led to the conclusion that stream segregation and separate processing could represent the most efficient approach for the management of the facility’s liquid discharges and the optimization of resources recovery. A final solution that maximizes treatment efficiency and resources reuse by combining separate aerobic and anaerobic treatment is proposed.

Wastewater Management Techniques: A Review

The wastewater treatment research is based on industrial processes and agriculturalwastewater treatment methods. Most of the river basins are closed to severe water storages, brought on by the simultaneous effects of agricultural growth, industrialization and urbanization. In these research the aerobic, anaerobic or the combination of methods used. Other than that an adsorption and coagulation have been applied to remove the pollution. The research on chemical industrial wastewater treatment was first studied on organic removal efficiency of a lab scale system using aerobic and anaerobic reactors. The aerobic waste water treatment as a reductive medium is receiving increased interest due to its low operation and maintenance costs and aerobic waste water treatment is easy to obtain. The primary goal of the wastewater treatment process is to eliminate various pollutants such as solids, organic carbon, nutrients, inorganic salts, metals, pathogens and so on effective wastewater treatment and disposal are critical for both environmental and public health reasons. The aim of wastewater treatment is to protect the environment and waste water management. The many research papers on wastewater pollution control studies, but very few research works is carried out for treatment of wastewater. The beneficial aspect of this paper is recycling, reuse of water. The industrial wastewater is divided into four categories: Chemical, Physical, Biological and mathematical approaches. In this main focused on the Biological methods viz. Aerobic and an aerobic.

Chemical industry wastewater treatment by coagulation combined with Fenton and photo‐Fenton processes

AbstractBACKGROUNDChemical industry wastewater is challenging to treat because of the various chemicals they contain. In this study, the treatment of chemical industry wastewater, which produces a wide variety of chemical aids, such as foam control agents, and silicones used in the textile, food and cosmetics industries, by coagulation combined with Fenton or photo‐Fenton oxidation processes was investigated. In coagulation studies, optimum pH and coagulant dose were determined with polyaluminum chloride (PAC), polyaluminum chloride hydroxide sulfate (PACS) and FeCl3 coagulants, while Fe2+, H2O2, pH and oxidation time were optimized in Fenton studies.RESULTSIn the coagulation, higher wastewater treatment was achieved with PAC compared to PACS and FeCl3 coagulants, and 62.6% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 44.3% total organic carbon (TOC) removal were obtained at 500 mg L−1 PAC and pH 8. In the coagulation and Fenton oxidation, 92.4% COD, 79.7% TOC, 99.8% turbidity, and 96.7% total soluble solids (TSS) were achieved. The application of photo‐Fenton oxidation instead of Fenton oxidation did not cause a significant change in chemical industry wastewater. The cost of chemical industry wastewater treatment by coagulation and Fenton oxidation was calculated as $19.16 m−3, and the cost per kilogram of CODremoved was determined as $2.89 kg−1.CONCLUSIONIn chemical industry wastewater treatment, high TSS and turbidity removal can be achieved by coagulation with PAC, and the wastewater load subjected to Fenton oxidation can be reduced. Efficient wastewater treatment was provided by Fenton oxidation after coagulation. The application of the photo‐Fenton oxidation process instead of Fenton oxidation did not show the expected effect. However, toxicity studies should be performed in treated wastewater using coagulation–Fenton oxidation processes in future studies. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Treatment of Chemical Industry Wastewater by the Dynamic Adsorption Method

Treatment of Chemical Industry Wastewater by the Dynamic Adsorption Method

Adsorption of Cr(VI), Ni(II), Fe(II) and Cd(II) ions by KIAgNPs decorated MWCNTs in a batch and fixed bed process

The efficient removal of toxic metals ions from chemical industry wastewater is considered problematic due to the existence of pollutants as mixtures in the aqueous matrix, thus development of advanced and effective treatment method has been identified as a panacea to the lingering problems of heavy metal pollution. In this study, KIAgNPs decorated MWCNTs nano adsorbent was developed using combination of green chemistry protocol and chemical vapor deposition techniques and subsequently characterized using UV–Vis, HRTEM, HRSEM, XRD, FTIR and XPS. The adsorptive efficiency of MWCNTs-KIAgNPs for the removal of Cr(VI), Ni(II), Fe(II), Cd(II) and physico-chemical parameters like pH, TDS, COD, BOD, nitrates, sulphates, chlorides and phosphates from chemical industrial wastewater was examined in both batch and fixed bed systems. The result exhibited successful deposition of KIAgNPs on the surface of MWCNTs as confirmed by the microstructures, morphology, crystalline nature, functional groups and elemental characteristics of the MWCNTs-KIAgNPs. Optimum batch adsorption parameters include; pH (3 for Cr(VI) and 6 for Ni(II), Fe(II) and Cd(II) ions), contact time (60 min), adsorbent dosage (40 mg) and temperature (318 K). The binding capacities were obtained as follows; Cr6+ (229.540 mg/g), Ni2+ (174.784 mg/g), Fe2+ (149.552) and Cd2+ (121.026 mg/g), respectively. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model best described the experimental data in batch adsorption, while the thermodynamic parameters validated the chemisorption and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. In continuous adsorption, the metal ions were effectively removed at low metal influent concentration, low flow rate and high bed depth, whereby the experimental data were designated by Thomas model. The high physico-chemical parameters in the wastewater were successfully treated in both batch and fixed bed systems to fall within WHO permissible concentrations. The adsorption/desorption study illustrated over 80% metal removal by MWCNTs-KIAgNPs even after 8th adsorption cycle. This study demonstrated excellent performance of MWCNTs-KIAgNPs for chemical industry wastewater treatment.

Mathematical Description and Method of Calculating the Technological Parameters of an Electrodialysis Apparatus for Chemical Industrial Wastewater Treatment

The paper presents a mathematical description of the electrodialysis process of chemical industrial wastewater separation and the method of calculating some technological parameters of the electrodialysis apparatus, taking into account the Spiegler friction theory. A sample calculation of these technological parameters for the case of treatment of wastewater containing nickel ions is presented.

Microwave-pyrolysis treatment of biosludge from a chemical industrial wastewater treatment plant for exploring product characteristics and potential energy recovery

Sludge obtained from the biological wastewater treatment facility of a chemical plant was pyrolyzed for reuse via microwave heating in the temperature range of 400–800 °C. Higher temperature reduces the yield of residues and enhances the gas production. The pyrolysis process produced 16–24 dry-wt.% of oil, which the heat value ranged from 7600 to 8300 kcal kg−1. Apart from As, Cd and Mo, merely a small amount of toxic elements can be released into pyrolysis oil. For the liquid oil, the total concentration of the 16 PAHs was 100–207 μg g−1 and the concentration of nitro-PAHs is much lower than that of PAHs. High temperature increases the energy consumption in microwave power and reduces the produced energy from pyrolysis residue and oil. Therefore, lower energy consumption and higher energy recovery efficiency could be achieved at lower pyrolysis temperature.

Preparation and properties of Cu-Ni bimetallic oxide catalyst supported on activated carbon for microwave assisted catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation for biologically pretreated coal chemical industry wastewater treatment

A microwave (MW)-assisted catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation (CWHPO) process was investigated to treat biologically pretreated coal chemical industry wastewater (CCIW) in this study. The activated carbon (AC) supported Cu-Ni bimetallic oxide catalyst was prepared by impregnation and precipitation method for MWCWHPO. The catalytic performance of the catalyst was investigated, and the main influencing factors were discussed. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of quinoline and total organic carbon (TOC) with catalyst prepared by impregnation method were 85% and 70%, respectively, and the removal efficiencies of quinoline and TOC with catalyst prepared by precipitation method were up to 95% and 76%, respectively. The utilization rate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the generation quantity of hydroxyl radicals were higher in the reaction process with the catalyst prepared by precipitation method than those with the catalyst prepared by impregnation method. The characterization of the catalyst showed that the smaller active component grains size, larger surface area and higher proportion of chemical adsorption oxygen were the main reason for the high catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the optimized reaction conditions were: reaction temperature of 60 °C, microwave power of 500 W, and H2O2 initial concentration of 0.066 M. Moreover, the Cu-Ni bimetallic oxide catalyst is an efficient and stable catalyst in the degradation and mineralization of pollutants in the MWCWHPO process. The synthesized catalyst was verified to be attractive for use in the heterogeneous wet peroxide oxidation system under microwave irradiation.

Seasonal bacterial community succession in four typical wastewater treatment plants: correlations between core microbes and process performance

To understand the seasonal variation of the activated sludge (AS) bacterial community and identify core microbes in different wastewater processing systems, seasonal AS samples were taken from every biological treatment unit within 4 full-scale wastewater treatment plants. These plants adopted A2/O, A/O and oxidation ditch processes and were active in the treatment of different types and sources of wastewater, some domestic and others industrial. The bacterial community composition was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The correlations among microbial community structure, dominant microbes and process performance were investigated. Seasonal variation had a stronger impact on the AS bacterial community than any variation within different wastewater treatment system. Facing seasonal variation, the bacterial community within the oxidation ditch process remained more stable those in either the A2/O or A/O processes. The core genera in domestic wastewater treatment systems were Nitrospira, Caldilineaceae, Pseudomonas and Lactococcus. The core genera in the textile dyeing and fine chemical industrial wastewater treatment systems were Nitrospira, Thauera and Thiobacillus.

Operational and biological analyses of branched water-adjustment and combined treatment of wastewater from a chemical industrial park

ABSTRACTThe combined biological processes of branched water-adjustment, chemical precipitation, hydrolysis acidification, secondary sedimentation, Anoxic/Oxic and activated carbon treatment were used for chemical industrial wastewater treatment in the Taihu Lake Basin. Full-scale treatment resulted in effluent chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, NH3–N and total phosphorus of 35.1, 5.20, 3.10 and 0.15 mg/L, respectively, with a total removal efficiency of 91.1%, 67.1%, 70.5% and 89.3%, respectively. In this process, short-circuited organic carbon from brewery wastewater was beneficial for denitrification and second-sulfate reduction. The concentration of effluent fluoride was 6.22 mg/L, which also met the primary standard. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed that many types of refractory compounds were present in the inflow. Microbial community analysis performed in the summer by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and MiSeq demonstrated that certain special functional bacteria, such as denitrificans, phosphorus-accumulating bacteria, sulfate- and perhafnate-reducing bacteria, aromatic compound-degrading bacteria and organic fluoride-degrading bacteria, present in the bio-tanks were responsible for the acceptable specific biological pollutant reduction achieved.

Optimization and effect of powdered activated carbon addition on commingled chemical industrial wastewater treatment in a sequencing batch reactor

In this study, commingled chemical industrial wastewater was treated using a sequencing batch reactor with powdered activated carbon (PAC–SBR). The performance of the PAC–SBR system was investigated under various dosages and feeding frequencies. Results showed that a PAC dosage of 2 g PAC/L-reactor and a feeding frequency of 0.25 g PAC/L-reactor to 0.5 g PAC/L-reactor per 3.5–7 d maintained a stable long-term performance during operation. The effects of PAC addition were also considered. Removal of organic matter in the PAC–SBR system demonstrated synergistic effects of biodegradation and PAC adsorption. The system with PAC had better sludge volume index values (100–200) than that without PAC (150–250). This result suggested that the sludge settling characteristic was improved. Hence, PAC addition was proven to increase biomass in the PAC–SBR system, which improved the removal of chemical oxygen demand through biodegradation. Furthermore, the excitation–emission matrix spectrum of organic matter showed that compounds in raw wastewater that contains aromatic rings, heterocyclic ring structures, and bicyclic aromatic structures were partially removed by biodegradation and PAC adsorption. The organic acid-like compounds, which were recalcitrant to biodegradation, were adsorbed via PAC. The results of organic matter fractionation showed that compounds in transphilic neutral and hydrophilic fractions were easily transformed through biodegradation, whereas compounds in hydrophobic fractions were adsorbed by PAC.

Endocrine-disrupting equivalents in industrial effluents discharged into Yangtze River

The endocrine-disrupting equivalents in effluents from three chemical industry wastewater treatment systems in the vicinity of Yangtze River were determined by several transactivation reporter gene assays. Transient transfections of African green monkey kidney cell line (CV-1) were used to determine the estrogenic, anti-androgenic and anti-thyroid equivalents in the effluents. Organic extracts of the effluents contained compounds that were potent anti-androgens and the activities measured as an equivalent concentration of flutamide were 45.53, 34.65 and 91.61 nM, respectively. The extracts also contained detectable concentrations of thyroid antagonists. Estrogenic activities, measured with the reporter gene assay, were near or below the method detection limit (0.58 pM as E2). Concentrations of some of the major constituents such as di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, 2,6-dinitrotoluene and nitrobenzene were quantified. The data suggest that the reporter gene assay is useful to predication of endocrine disrupting effects in polluted aquatic body.

Chemical industry wastewater treatment

Treatment of chemical industrial wastewater from building and construction chemicals factory and plastic shoes manufacturing factory was investigated. The two factories discharge their wastewater into the public sewerage network. The results showed the wastewater discharged from the building and construction chemicals factory was highly contaminated with organic compounds. The average values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were 2912 and 150 mgO2/l. Phenol concentration up to 0.3 mg/l was detected. Chemical treatment using lime aided with ferric chloride proved to be effective and produced an effluent characteristics in compliance with Egyptian permissible limits. With respect to the other factory, industrial wastewater was mixed with domestic wastewater in order to lower the organic load. The COD, BOD values after mixing reached 5239 and 2615 mgO2/l. The average concentration of phenol was 0.5 mg/l. Biological treatment using activated sludge or rotating biological contactor (RBC) proved to be an effective treatment system in terms of producing an effluent characteristic within the permissible limits set by the law. Therefore, the characteristics of chemical industrial wastewater determine which treatment system to utilize. Based on laboratory results engineering design of each treatment system was developed and cost estimate prepared.

ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY WASTEWATER USING STEEL AND TIRUO2 ELECTRODES

The treatment of chemical industry wastewater by an electrochemical method was investigated using steel and TiRuO2 electrodes. Visible-UV spectrophotometric analyses have been performed in samples electrolyzed at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 min to determine the molecular changes in the wastewater. Although the steel electrode caused changes in molecules present in the raw effluent, the TiRuO2 electrode showed to promote more significant changes. It has been observed an increase in the cellular viability after electrolysis; this could be a decrease in the biological toxicity after the treatment. The electrolytic process is an efficient method to modify persistent molecules, normally, found in wastewater of rubber chemical industry and, turn then biocompatible to the environment.

Utilization of an Activated Sludge for the Improvement of an Existing Thermophilic Wastewater Treatment System

A pilot-scale activated sludge system was started to determine its effectiveness in treating the thermophilic biological effluent from an existing organic chemical industrial wastewater treatment system. Preliminary results demonstrated that an additional 95% biological oxygen demand and 65% dissolved organic carbon removal was achieved. In addition, significant biodegradation of the volatile organic compounds and organic nitrogen was observed.

Modelling and optimisation of a chemical industry wastewater treatment plant subjected to varying production schedules

AbstractIndustrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have to provide 100% reliability and availability for the discharging facilities at an industrial site. Varying production schedules at these facilities and specific components occurring in the industrial wastewater considerably hinder the optimisation of industrial WWTPs. In this context it is shown in this paper that model‐based optimisation is an efficient and cost‐reducing way to ensure that an industrial WWTP functions well. The aim of the study presented was two‐fold. The first step was to show the usefulness of a proposed procedure to build and calibrate a model for the industrial WWTP. The second objective was to use the model for optimisation of the WWTP. As an example, a large set of possible production schedules in the different discharging facilities was simulated. Based on these simulations it could be predicted which schedules allow the effluent standards to be met and which do not. The calibrated and validated model was also used to investigate different operating strategies such as the in‐series operation of the two available aeration tanks. In fact, with the model it was shown that a 20% reduction of the degradable COD concentration in the effluent could be achieved by operating the tanks in series instead of in parallel. This case study shows how the approach presented can lead to fast and cost effective modelling and optimisation of an industrial WWTP. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry

Dynamic simulation of chemical industry wastewater treatment plants

High variability, stringent effluent permits, and often extreme operating conditions define the practice of wastewater treatment in the chemical industry. This paper reviews the benefits and challenges of applying dynamic simulation to chemical-industry wastewater treatment plants by describing case studies at full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The applications range from process troubleshooting to optimization and control. The applications have been valuable and useful in developing a deeper understanding of the plants as integrated systems. However there still remains substantial work to implement the dynamic simulations for daily real-time use by plant engineers and operators. This opportunity to improve plant operations is still largely untapped and will remain so until dynamic state estimation and data reconciliation are incorporated into simulation packages for use in developing the on-line simulations.