Trauma Victims Research Articles

Comparison of the C-MACTM ‘D’ blade with AirTraq® for endotracheal intubation in patients with simulated limitation of cervical movements

Background: Direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation with manual in-line stabilisation is the standard practice for trauma victims while securing the airway when cervical injury/instability is suspected. The use of videolaryngoscopes eliminates the need to align the three axes, avoids movement at cervical joints, allows viewing around the corner and improves glottic view. Aim: Comparison of C-MACTM‘D’Blade and AirTraq® for endotracheal intubation in patients with simulated limitation of cervical movements. Methodology: This was a prospective, randomised study conducted on 52 consenting patients requiring intubation. They were assigned to undergo intubation using C-MACTM‘D’Blade (n=26) or AirTraq® (n=26) by an anaesthesiologist experienced in the use of both laryngoscopes while MILS was provided. Results: Laryngoscopic view was similar in the two groups: grade 1 in 16 (61.5%) and 21 patients (81.8%) in the ‘D’blade and AirTraq® groups respectively with the remaining having a grade 2 view. The median time for laryngoscopy was less (13 s) in the ‘D’ blade compared to AirTraq® group (19.6 s) and was statistically significant (p= 0.036) but clinically insignificant. The intubation time was comparable (p=0.094). Most patients in both groups were intubated successfully in the first attempt. Requirement of airway manipulation to optimise view, postoperative sore throat and blood on the endotracheal tube was comparable. Good overall satisfaction score was obtained in bothgroups. Conclusion: Both C-MACTM ‘D’Blade and AirTraq® when used for intubation in patients with simulated limitation of cervical movements provide similar videolaryngoscopic view, time for laryngoscopy and intubation, and overall satisfaction score.

Assessment of Secondary Traumatic Stress in Health Care Professionals Working in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Islamabad

Health care professionals are at a higher risk of developing secondary traumatic stress due to various factors related to the nature of their job. Objectives: To assess the level, severity & factors associated with secondary traumatic stress symptoms among health care professionals working with trauma victims in tertiary care hospitals of Islamabad. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 170 healthcare professionals participated from both public and private tertiary care hospitals of Islamabad. Data were collected by using STS Scale, TIPI and demographics. Analyses was done using independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient. Results: The results showed, 94(55.3%) and 71(41.7 %) little and mild to moderate level of STS in healthcare professionals respectively. Female gender was significantly associated with STS (p = 0.01) along with MBBS graduates (p = 0.02) and junior doctors (p = 0.01) showed symptoms of STS. Those who were exposed to trauma multiple times had significant association STS. Emotionally stable personality trait of the healthcare professionals had an indirect relation with the development STS symptoms (r= -0.46). Conclusions: The results emphasized hospital administration to take measures in order to reduce stress level especially among female HCWs, junior doctors and those who had multiple exposure of trauma. If necessary steps are not taken, this stress may lead to worse mental health of this target population

Current trends of clinico-radiological findings, management and outcomes of chest trauma patients in a tertiary health care hospital in Western India

Background: There has been a rapidly rising trend of trauma cases, especially chest trauma; necessitating an in-depth study of its complications and management.Methods: We have studied 120 patients presenting to our emergency department for the demographics and etiology of their injury and recorded the results and outcomes of their radiological and clinical investigations and management protocol.Results: Middle aged men were the primary victims of chest trauma, mostly having blunt injuries and presenting with respiratory distress. A range of pleural and visceral injuries were seen like hemothorax, pneumothorax, flail chest; the mainstay of treatment for them being minimally invasive tube thoracostomy. We encountered a low mortality rate of 1.66%.Conclusions: Rapid intervention and resuscitation for all trauma cases prove to be lifesaving, amongst which focus on thoracic injuries must be primary. Ever increasing incidences of polytrauma cases indicate the requirement of strict vigilance and prevention of road traffic accidents.

Fight, flight, freeze…or lie? Rethinking the principles of res gestae evidence in light of its revival

This paper argues that it is long past time that res gestae evidence under the Criminal Justice Act 2003 s. 118(1)4(a), described here as ‘emotionally-overpowered statements’, was abolished. Res gestae adds nothing to the hearsay regime under the CJA 2003, apart from blurring the operation of s. 114(1)(d), and it is still frequently misapplied. However, it also rests on a false premise that runs counter to modern neuroscience and embeds outdated myths about trauma victims into the law – even when the law has moved on from those assumptions in other contexts. Using comparison with excited utterances under the USA's FRE 803(2), critiques from US scholars, and insights from neuroscientific research, this paper calls for the abolition of res gestae evidence, despite recent interest in its use in cases of domestic abuse, and advocates instead for the use of the s. 114(1)(d) interests of justice test.

Trauma rehabilitation : Implementation and challenges

The current state of posttraumatic rehabilitation in Germany is on the one hand shaped by the efforts of the primary care providers in the acute setting to transfer patients as soon as possible to rehabilitation in accordance with the requirement for acontinuous chain of rehabilitation. On the other hand, there are still important treatment gaps due to a lack of options, specialized structures and financing. This has the consequence that severely injured patients sometimes experience substantial difficulties, setbacks and delays on their way back to social participation. This article presents the various phases of rehabilitation and the existing challenges in order to guarantee the universally acknowledged demand for acontinuous rehabilitation chain. Reference is made to the missing structures and simultaneously to the necessary continuity of the processes, the quality assurance and the financial prerequisites for new forms of care. This is exemplified by how the continuum of posttraumatic rehabilitation of the German statutory accident insurance with the successful reintegration of trauma victims in work and social life could be amodel for insured persons of the statutory health insurance and the German pension fund. The scientific societies of trauma surgery and rehabilitation medicine also promote the model of a differentiated trauma rehabilitation and sustain the idea of atrauma rehabilitation network to increase the chances of the severely injured for the best possible quality of life and social participation.

Facing the Other: Representations of Postcolonial Childhood Trauma in Arundhati Roy’s God of Small Things and Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines

Recent developments in the fields of postcolonial and trauma studies have focused on how there can be a significant interrelationship in the frameworks deployed to investigate the formation of identities in postcolonial subjects. The emphasis on anxiety and fractured subjectivities that inform discussions of postcolonial identity can also be conceptualized in terms of traumatic interventions at crucial moments in the development of selfhood. This paper will contend that though childhood is one of the most crucial times when the formative influences for the development of personality are inscribed onto the psyche of the individual, very little attention has been paid to children as a separate group in theorizations of postcolonial identity. This paper will attempt to use notions such as ‘insidious trauma’ inflicted by entanglements with British culture and education as a critical lens for the study of the formation of identity in the lives of the protagonists of two novels by two Indian authors. It will also engage with the personal trauma inflicted on these children by political upheavals as well as by the trauma caused by adult figures in their Anglophile families. This paper will therefore show that the complex and multilayered trauma suffered by postcolonial children has a profound impact on their adult lives, leaving them permanently scarred and that any attempts at resistance by the victims of such trauma are failures or at best only partially successful. Spectrum, Volume 16, June 2021: 136-147

Oral and maxillofacial trauma in women assaulted by men: Systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundViolence against women represents an urgent public health problem and has been an increasingly important topic in society's discussions and concerns. Although studies report a high prevalence of injuries to the face and head of women victims of intentional violence, this physical damage has never been investigated by grouped studies. Thus, the objective of this systematic review was to research the characteristics and the overall prevalence of oral-maxillofacial trauma in women victims of physical violence caused by men. MethodsSearches were carried out on Medline (via PubMed) and Lilacs (via Virtual Health Library) and on gray literature until June 16, 2020 (updated on February 12, 2021) without restriction on the year of publication or language. ResultsA total of 27 studies involving 9,318 women victims of aggression by men and 3,738 oral-maxillofacial traumas were included. The prevalence of oral-maxillofacial trauma among all injuries in women was 51% (95% CI 28% - 74%). There was no significant difference in the chance of occurrence between soft tissue injuries (bruises, lacerations, abrasions, edema, erythema, and epistaxis) and hard tissue injuries (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.43 - 4.80). The relationship between the victims and the aggressors was mainly that of intimate partners and relatives. ConclusionsThese results highlight the need for political and ethical reflection to prevent oral-maxillofacial trauma and ensure women's health and human rights.

Diaphragmatic Injuries among Severely Injured Patients (ISS ≥ 16)-An Indicator of Injury Pattern and Severity of Abdominal Trauma.

Background and Objectives: Abdominal trauma among severely injured patients with an injury severity score (ISS) of 16 and above can lead to potentially life-threatening injuries that might need immediate surgical intervention. Traumatic injuries to the diaphragm (TID) are a challenging condition often accompanied by other injuries in the thoracoabdominal region. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the occurrence and clinical course of TID among severely injured patients treated at our center between 2008 and 2019 and compared them to other groups of severely injured patients without TID. Results: Thirty-five patients with TID and a median ISS of 41 were treated in the period mentioned above. They were predominantly middle-aged men and mostly victims of blunt trauma as a consequence of motor vehicle accidents. A total of 70.6% had left-sided TID, and in 69.6%, the size of defect was larger than 10 cm. The diagnosis was made with computed tomography (CT) in 68.6% of the cases, while in 25.8%, it was made intraoperatively or delayed by a false-negative initial CT scan, and in 5.7%, an intraoperative diagnosis was made without preoperative CT imaging. Surgical repair was mostly conducted via laparotomy, performing a direct closure with continuous suture. A comparison to 191 patients that required laparotomy for abdominal injuries other than TID revealed significantly higher rates of concomitant injuries to several abdominal organs among patients suffering from TID. Compared to all other severely injured patients treated in the same period (n = 1377), patients suffering from TID had a significantly higher median ISS and a longer mean duration of hospital stay. Conclusions: Our findings show that TID can be seen as an indicator of particularly severe thoracoabdominal trauma that requires increased attention from the treatment team so as not to miss relevant concomitant injuries that require immediate intervention.

Management of acute pulmonary embolism following chest trauma in a resource limited setting – A case report

Introduction: Pulmonary embolism is a known complication among trauma patients and contribute to significant mortality and morbidity. In the setting of trauma, the signs and symptoms of VTE may be masked. Therefore, a high index of suspicion and timely intervention can improve outcome.
 Presentation of case: A 57-year-old healthy female presented with a history of fall from a train, into a gap between the train and the platform. She had sustained cerebral contusions in the frontal lobes and right sided lung contusion. She was resuscitated and managed in the trauma ICU and send to a ward.
 She desaturated in the ward and followed by a cardiac arrest. Bed side 2D echocardiogram and CT pulmonary angiogram were suggestive of PE. Thrombolysis was followed by clot retrieval. Patient was discharged home on day 13 after cardiac arrest on warfarin therapy.
 Discussion: Causes for PE are multi-factorial. Failure to initiate prophylaxis therapy for deep vein thrombosis in trauma victims is a major cause for PE. Management of PE in a haemodynamically unstable patient with a background history of trauma is challenging. Neuro-imaging revealed bi frontal cerebral contusions hence, the treatment of choice was clot retrieval. However, due to limited resources and logistics, medical thrombolysis was initiated with the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. Clot retrieval was initiated within 14 hours of diagnosis.
 Conclusion: Clinical suspicion and early diagnosis of PE can improve outcomes. Management is challenging in a low & middle income countries, where resources are limited. In the presence of contraindications and failed thrombolysis, clot retrieval remains an important aspect in the management of PE.

Adverse childhood experiences and somatic symptoms in adulthood: A moderated mediation effects of disturbed self-organization and resilient coping.

Early life adversity is associated with somatic symptoms (SS) in adulthood, but the psychological mechanisms involved need to be further investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether disturbances in self-organization (DSO), consisting of affective dysregulation, negative self-concept, and disturbances in relationships, mediate the relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and SS in adulthood. In addition, we investigated whether resilient coping buffers the direct and indirect effect of ACEs on SS. The study sample comprised 4,847 Slovenian adults aged 18 to 75 years and was broadly representative of the general population. Results of the mediation analysis showed that DSO had a notable, significant mediating effect on the relationship between ACEs and SS, with the indirect effect (a × b = .386, p < .001) accounting for 53.3% of the total effect. A moderated mediation analysis revealed a significant interaction between ACEs and resilient coping in predicting DSO (B = -.074, p = .020), suggesting that resilient coping moderated the indirect effect of ACEs on SS. The flexible use of coping strategies to solve problems in stressful circumstances reduced the negative effect of ACEs on DSO, and hence the frequency of SS in adults with a history of ACEs. Health care professionals should be aware of the role that DSO may have in maintaining or exacerbating SS in victims of early trauma. Strengthening the individual's capacities for resilient coping can alleviate the negative effects of early trauma on psychological functioning and health in later life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The perfect victim: Reading trauma and victimhood in rape narratives in Indian comics

This article is a feminist enquiry into the image of the grieving victim of sexual assault in the nation state of India; it is also a critical analysis of what it means to depict trauma, graphically, in this political climate where the rhetoric of women’s empowerment is constantly being strategically adapted within the Saffron camps of extremist Hindu forces. This article deals with the ideal victim of trauma in three Indian comics on rape and sexual assault through the lens of feminist discourses around justice, victimhood and feminist art history. The glorified, ideal victimhood is often placed within a narrative of Hindu iconography, which ironically, sometimes, manifests through a religio-political rhetoric of women’s empowerment. I read the image of this ‘ideal’ victimhood with reference to the comics series Priya’s Shakti, Pratheek Thomas’s graphic narrative Hush (2011) and my own comic Naming and Shaming (2018). I posit the reading of my own comics on the #MeToo movement and discuss my immense urge and severe unease while putting forth a visual representation of victimhood – and seeking that very act, as a point of departure – and a way of challenging the idea of an ideal victim.

Helicopter Versus Ground Transport for Trauma Victims: A Scoping Review

<h3>Objectives</h3> Efforts to identify which patients benefit most from Helicopter Emergency Services (HEMS) activation can help guide clinical decisions around employing this costly and often risky resource. This scoping review seeks to identify trends in survival outcomes data comparing helicopter and ground emergency services (GEMS) transports directly from trauma scenes to definitive care, critically assess the quality of existing data, and generate questions for further directed study. <h3>Methods</h3> Pubmed was the primary database used for this review. Database search was conducted by a matrix approach utilizing MeSH search terms as well as general keyword search criteria. Included studies were published in 2010 or later and directly compared survival in HEMS and GEMS trauma transports from scene. Studies were evaluated by 3 independent reviewers to ensure inclusion criteria were met. <h3>Results</h3> Forty-one retrospective cohort studies were included for review. HEMS and GEMS survival outcomes were compared overall or based on patient physiologic criteria, injury type, injury severity, and patient age. HEMS activation was associated with improved survival overall in both nation-wide and single-institution studies. When comparing HEMS and GEMS survival based on type of injury, results were mixed with the exception of traumatic brain injury which benefited from HEMS activation across several studies. When patient characteristics were compared, those with unstable vital signs at the trauma scene appeared to benefit from HEMS activation. Patient age (pediatrics patients or those >55 years) was not consistently associated with mortality benefit. <h3>Conclusions</h3> After controlling for injury severity and patient characteristics, HEMS is associated with improved survival in patients transported from trauma scenes. Several studies reported that patients with unstable vital signs on scene and those with traumatic brain injuries benefit most from HEMS activation. The quality of the existing evidence is poor, in large part due to methodological limitations and confounding variables that cannot be controlled for on a trauma scene. Further study is needed to elucidate specific factors that lead to the possible survival benefit of HEMS.

Neurotrauma Care, “Golden Hour” or “Golden Sixty Minutes”

The golden hour is the time following an injury during which appropriate medical attention carries the highest likelihood of a better outcome. The concept of a golden hour was probably derived from the French Military’s World war I data for the care of trauma victims, but it is suitable for all types of acute emergencies. During these golden sixty minutes, the health care providers must focus on eliminating or mitigating the effect of critical events. If not timely addressed, these essential steps carry a maximum threat to the victim’s life by causing irreversible damage to vital organs. The major challenge in applying intervention during the golden hour is correctly identifying the correctable step in the victim at the earliest. Training individuals about basic life support is the first challenge to delivering care at the scene of an accident/ or event or during transport. The advances in the diagnostic modality and the faster means of transportation have been a major driving force in decreasing mortality during the early hours following the incident. In the present review, we attempt to draw attention to the importance of golden hour and emphasize that team-building and quality improvement are crucial to providing better outcomes.

Use of Cannabis and Alcohol by patients diagnosed with trauma in a Health Emergency Unit

There are few data on the association of physical trauma and consumption of psychoactive substances. Objective: To investigate the use of marijuana and alcohol by trauma victims becomes important to subsidize prevention actions. Methods: 299 willingly given samples from individuals hospitalized in the years 2015-2017 due to trauma associated to the use of drugs of abuse were analyzed; the individuals were considered user of drugs of abuse either due to medical diagnosis or to self-reporting. Biological samples from the patients were first trialed for Cannabis; confirmation of cannabis use was performed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Alcoholaemia was also investigated. Results: Males made up the majority of the assessed subjects (91.4%), their average age being 40 years. The major causes for trauma included traffic accidents (46.82%) followed by violence/aggression (26.77%). Toxicological trialing for cannabis resulted in 14.72% positive samples and alcoholaemia varied between 9.38 to 17.85%. Conclusion: The abusive use of Cannabis is a risk factor for accidents and violence leading to traumatic injuries. The age range between the second and fourth decade of life and the automotive steering were relevant predictors for the use of Cannabis. Epidemiological studies provide important information to support preventive measures, considering the scarcity of studies on this theme.

Enhanced neurotrauma services: physician input into traumatic brain injury care

Elderly trauma victims whose care is shared between surgeons and physicians have improved clinical outcomes and shorter hospital lengths of stay (LOS). To test whether a similar benefit can be gained for patients suffering traumatic brain injury (TBI), a quality improvement project (QIP) was run in which a neurologist was enrolled into the pre-existing neurotrauma team. Mortality rates, LOS and rates of readmission within 30 days of discharge were compared between two cohorts of TBI patients: 80 admittedly prior to the QIP and 80 admitted during the QIP. The two cohorts were well matched for age, gender, mechanism of injury, Glasgow coma score and types of injury. The QIP was not associated with a reduction in mortality but was associated with a significant reduction in mean LOS (from 25.7 days to 17.5 days; p=0.04) and a reduction in readmissions (from seven to zero patients; p=0.01).

Assessment of Knowledge, Skills, and Preparedness of General-Duty Police on Prehospital Care of Road Traffic Accident Victims in Abuja, Nigeria.

Prompt prehospital care (PHC) is essential for improving outcomes of road traffic accident victims. Previous studies in Nigeria show that little or no PHC is delivered to trauma victims by first responders. This study was conducted to assess police officers' experience with FA/BLS, to identify gaps in their FA/BLS knowledge and skills, and assess police stations' FA/BLS equipment capacity for PHC of road traffic accident victims. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 428 GD police in Abuja between November and December 2018. Respondents were selected using stratified random sampling with proportional allocation method. Data were collected using self-administered electronic semi-structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done using STATA v 14.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX). Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess associations. We analyzed data from 419 respondents. Almost all (90.2%) of the police were aware of FA/BLS. The proportion of police with poor, fair, and good knowledge and skills on FA/BLS were 15.3%, 79.0%, and 5.7%, respectively. Tertiary (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.01-11.11, P = 0.048) and postgraduate (OR = 6.89, 95% CI: 1.63-29.19, P = 0.009) levels of education had statistically significant association with good knowledge and skills. This highlights the need to implement an educational intervention to increase FA/BLS competencies within the first responder population.

Menyoal Kesehatan Mental Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Sexual violence is an act of coercion or threats from the perpetrator to the victim to perform sexual activity. Victims of sexual violence are used as objects to satisfy lust. Sexual crimes are not only committed by people far away but those closest to them can also be perpetrators. The impact of this sexual violence victim leaves a deep mental wound and the memory of being raped will never be forgotten. Sexual violence in Indonesia is an emergency and will only escalate if left unchecked. Therefore, this journal research aims to determine the causes, impacts, and therapies used to heal trauma victims of sexual violence in minors. The research method used in writing this journal is a qualitative descriptive analysis with case studies. From the results of the analysis, it is found that 1. Overcoming the trauma of sexual violence in mental health, therapy can be done through play therapy to express emotions that disturb the victim's mind and relieve anxiety and child trauma. 2. Provide social encouragement. 3. Reporting to the authorities.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Dynamic changes in brain structure in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accident: A voxel-based morphometry-based follow-up study.

ObjectivesTo investigate the dynamic changes of emotional and memory-related brain regions in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and trauma-exposed subjects, who experienced motor vehicle accident (MVA).Materials and methodsFunctional Magnetic Resonance imaging (fMRI) and general data were collected from trauma victims who had experienced MVA within 2 days, and their social support and coping style were evaluated. The PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (PCL-5) is used for screening and diagnosis. Subsequently, 17 PTSD patients and 23 car accident trauma-exposed individuals completed a second fMRI scan at 2 months. Data were analyzed by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to examine the volume changes of relevant brain regions. Correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between the regions of interest (ROIs) and the total scores on the clinical scales. Subsequently, the relationship between the total PCL-5 scores and the individual dimensions of the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) and the Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS) was studied.ResultsIn comparison with the control group, the results showed a reduction in right SFG volume in the PTSD group at 2 months. Similarly, a comparison within the PTSD group revealed a reduction in the left STG volume at 2 months. Compared with the control group, PTSD patients showed a more negative coping style and worse performance in objective and subjective support. In addition, the total PCL-5 scores were negatively associated with positive coping, objective support, and subjective support.ConclusionThe occurrence of PTSD may be related to reduced volume of the right SFG and left STG, and that patients with PTSD receive less social support and tend to cope in a negative manner in the face of stressful events. These results suggest that within 2 months of the MVA, changes in gray matter volume have occurred in some brain regions of those suffering from PTSD. We believe the results of our study will provide useful insights into the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying PTSD.

Prevalence of Road Traffic Accident and Outcome among Patients Admitted at Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency and Trauma (AaBET) Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Introduction : Road Traffic Accident is an incident on a way or street open to public traffic that becomes one of the most significant public health problems in the world particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, Road Traffic Accident is the major public health problem even though studies indicate the prevalence and management outcomes among these victims are limited. Objectives : To assess the prevalence and management outcomes among road traffic accident victims who attended emergency department of AaBET (Addis Ababa burn Emergency and Trauma) Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods : Hospital based retrospective cross sectional study design was implemented among Patients attending to AaBET Hospital based on patients' record review for one year (from January 1 to December 30, 2021). Records of patients were reviewed until the calculated minimum sample size (399) attained. Simple random sampling technique was applied to recruit the records. Result : Among a total of 385 trauma victims visited the hospital, the most commonly affected age group were between 26-30 years old, accounting for 68 (17.7%) followed by age ˂13 years 67 (17.4%). This study also identified 269 (69.9%) of victims were male and 116 (30.1%) were female. Regarding pattern of injury, musculoskeletal fracture was the most frequent type of injury (39.2%). one-third (31%) of them sustained severe injury that urged them to seek intensive surgical management. Regarding mechanism of injury, 45% of the victims reported that they hit by another vehicle. 43.5 % of the victims injured were pedestrians. Regarding management given at ED, almost half (47.5%) of the victims received wound care and about 23.4% of them were given anti- pain and resuscitation, respectively. Among 252 victims who admitted in AaBET hospital about 87% of patients admitted to surgical and orthopedic wards received surgical type of treatment. Conclusion: From foregoing it is evident that RTA requires proper traffic management; and the mortality and disability from RTA can be minimized by appropriately identifying the priority patient and giving appropriate intervention promptly. Keywords: AaBET, Accident, Emergency, Hospital, Road Traffic DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/102-02 Publication date: October 31 st 2022

Triumph of Humanity over Communal Violence and the Aesthetics of Trauma in Manto's "Mozel"

This article explores the aesthetics of trauma based upon virtue over vice in Saadat Hasan Manto’s story “Mozel”. As one of the renowned writers of partition literature, he has penetrated the limitations of trauma politics that fosters on demonizing the perpetrators to justify the innocence of the victims. Through Mozel’s character - herself a victim of communal violence of the Partition - the writer has portrayed a humanitarian worldview on trauma, its victims and perpetrators; and a constructive, positive and reconciliatory approach to its settlement. A free-spirited Jewish woman, Mozel enacts nobility beyond all communal prejudices and religiosity that her friends Tirlochen and Kirpal Kaur represent. She starkly criticizes Tirlochen’s communal rigidity as a Sikh despite her love for him. Sketched as a disillusioned woman from the sectarianism and identity politics of religious wars, she saves two lives of trauma victims although they belong to Sikh community, a different faith from her own. To argue against trauma politics for the advocacy of universal moral ground as the aesthetic of trauma, the cultural and revisionist theories of trauma mainly of Alexander C. Jeffrey and Gilles Deleuz have been brought into reference respectively. Mozel’s character is discussed as a retrieved human(e) hero for her sacrificial deed of salvaging two victims of religious riots from feminist perspective.