Transport Enterprises Research Articles

Lietuvos apskričių krovininio kelių transporto rodiklių lyginamoji analizė

The paper analyses the road freight transport indicators for Lithuanian counties in the period 2020-2024 in order to assess their distribution and impact on regional economies. Based on statistical data, the study applies a comparative analysis, where statistical indicators are converted into relative indicators and evaluated. The aim of the paper is to compare the performance of road freight transport in Lithuania by county. The study analyses the change in the number of road freight transport operators, the vehicle fleet, the road network as part of the transport infrastructure and trends in local freight transport.The paper highlights the underlying causes of regional disparities. The main influences on counties are the density of transport undertakings and their activity intensity, which depends on the volume of freight loaded, as well as the accessibility of the road network and the development of infrastructure. In regions where the concentration of freight transport enterprises and the number of vehicles are higher, the transport sector represents an important part of the economy of a given county, with a positive impact on employment and business development.

CIRCULAR ECONOMY: CONCEPT, PRINCIPLES AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION AT PASSENGER TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE

The article examines the concept of circular economy, its basic principles, barriers and opportunities for implementation at passenger transport enterprises in Ukraine. It is determined that the transition to a circular model in the transport sector is a strategically important direction of development. It helps to optimise the use of resources, increase energy efficiency, minimise waste and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The author examines the key advantages of circular business models, including the introduction of resource reuse technologies, the use of renewable energy sources, the development of environmentally friendly public transport, and the reduction of operating costs and the increase of competitiveness of enterprises. The article examines the key barriers that impede the transition to a circular economy in the transport sector. These barriers include high initial investment costs, technological limitations, outdated infrastructure, insufficient regulatory support, and social factors such as low public awareness and resistance to change. The article aims to explore the concept and principles of the circular economy model, as well as its barriers and potential for implementation in passenger transport enterprises. The following methods were used in the study: generalisation – in studying the essence of the concept and principles of the circular economy; analysis and synthesis – in the scientific substantiation of the implementation of the principles and business models of the circular economy at passenger transport enterprises; systematic approach – in the process of identifying barriers that complicate the transition to the circular economy in the field of passenger transport.

Exploring the drivers of digital transformation in Chinese port and shipping enterprises: A machine learning approach.

With the transition to a global green low-carbon economy, the urgency for digital transformation in the port and shipping industry has become increasingly prominent in making enterprises more efficient and sustainable. This study focuses on how Chinese port and shipping enterprises, which are key carriers for global containerized trade, can attain digital transformation as a means to tackle environmental challenges and improve competitiveness. Using a representative sample of 83 A-share-listed companies (2008-2023) and employing several modeling techniques, such as Ridge regression, LightGBM, and XGBoost, we investigate a data-driven approach with the support of the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework. We find that nonlinear models (LightGBM, XGBoost) outperform linear models and emphasize the importance of a supportive environment for green finance. We further perform a number of sensitivity and robustness checks toensure the validity of our findings. These insights provide actionable guidance for policymakers and industry leaders seeking to harmonize digital innovations with green development.

Analysis of Financial Performance of Companies in the BIST Transportation and Storage Sector with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques

This study calculates the profitability, growth rates, and financial performance of BIST Transport and Storage Sector enterprises between 2013 and 2022, using financial statement values obtained from the Public Disclosure Platform (KAP). In this context, the importance of the criteria was determined by the Entropy method, using eight evaluation criteria, and then both individual and sectoral financial performance scores of the companies were determined using MAIRCA (Multi Attributive Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis) and MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison) methods. The findings showed that the companies' profit-loss status was affected by the increase or decrease in their assets, equity, sales and other items in both individual and sectoral financial success rankings, and the particular situation notifications of the companies were also effective.

Research on the Selection of Carbon Quota Trading Modes for Shipping Enterprises under the EU Emissions Trading System

Against the background of the global emphasis on carbon emission reduction, the reform of the European Union's carbon emission trading system (EU ETS) will be incorporated into the shipping industry from 2024, which will have a significant impact on the operation of shipping enterprises. In this context, China's shipping enterprises urgently need to choose an appropriate carbon emissions trading model to effectively respond to the impact of the EU ETS, so as to accelerate the low-carbon transformation. Based on this, this paper constructs the Gounod competitive game model of two shipping companies under the baseline scenario and the cooperative strategy scenario, takes into full consideration the key factors of the shipping companies' market potential, cost, carbon emission quota and price in the model, and researches on the choice of carbon quota trading modes of the shipping companies under the EU ETS, such as purchasing emission allowances or cooperating with other companies to obtain allowances, etc. The equilibrium transportation of the shipping companies under different scenarios is also studied, and the impacts of different scenarios are also examined. The equilibrium volume, price and profit of shipping companies under different scenarios are solved, and MATLAB is applied to numerically analyze the decision-making variables of the model to further analyze the potential impact of EU ETS on the shipping industry. The results show that EU ETS policies always have a negative impact on traditional shipping companies, while sustainable shipping companies are affected.

Sailing sGraven Stroom : The appropriation of nautical space in fifteenth-century Flanders

Shipping along the medieval Flemish coast was of vital importance. Bruges and the communities along the Flemish coast could not afford to abandon the sailor to his fate, nor did the sailor leave the shipping enterprise to chance. Little attention has been paid by historians to the human dimensions of the nautical space, the material and immaterial constructions that had been erected by people to assure a seagoing venture. The lack of attention has been caused by the limited number and types of written sources. This text tries to overcome the epistemological problem with knowledge of the ship-to-shore interfacing process that shipping ultimately is. I argue that the Flemish coast was a layered nautical space in which various nautical practices and authorities were active. The authority was comital, seigniorial, ecclesiastical, urban, corporate, but also personal, through the expertise of the sailors, pilots, lighthouse keepers, etc.

A Collaborative Policy Study on the Low-Carbon Transition of the Shipping Industry Based on a Tripartite Game Model

The global shipping industry is under urgent pressure to achieve a low-carbon transition. The implementation of the European Unions carbon tax policy, combined with the ambiguity of Chinas domestic regulations, has placed shipping enterprises under dual pressures of emission reduction compliance and rising operational costs. This study constructs a tripartite dynamic game model involving shipping enterprises, the Chinese government, and the European Union. Using backward induction and Python-based numerical simulation, it quantitatively analyzes the impacts of carbon tax and subsidy policies on enterprises low-carbon investments, route capacity allocation, and expected returns. The findings reveal that a combination of high carbon taxes and high subsidies can promote an increase in the proportion of low-carbon investments by enterprises, albeit at the cost of a sharp decline in short-term profits. The EUs carbon tax policy transmits regulatory pressure through adjustments in route capacity, forcing enterprises to optimize their global capacity networks. However, technological bottlenecks in emission reduction limit the effectiveness of policy incentives, requiring technological innovation to break through marginal abatement constraints. This study proposes a dynamic investmentflexible capacitydata-driven decision-making framework, offering strategic support for enterprises to cope with international carbon regulations and providing a theoretical basis for government policy design.

DETERMINATION OF A NUMBER OF PARAMETERS OF ELECTRIC DRIVES OF CRITICAL EQUIPMENT OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES AS INPUT DATA FOR MODELING THE STABILITY OF THEIR OPERATION

Purpose. Ensuring a reliable transportation process by rail directly depends on the technical condition of the traction rolling stock and its timely supply for the performance of train work. Maintaining railway rolling stock in a technically sound condition requires an appropriate material and technical and production base of locomotive depots and repair enterprises. Servicing traction rolling stock in the scope of technical maintenance and current repairs involves equipping traction units with fuel and lubricants, water and sand. For this purpose, appropriate units equipped with specific technological equipment are organized in locomotive depots. As a rule, such technological equipment has an electric drive built on the basis of asynchronous electric motors. Powering these electric motors with low-quality electric energy or unstable electric energy creates potentially negative conditions for their long-term operation. In order to further apply methods of predictive modeling of the stability of the operation of electrical equipment of locomotive equipment points, a thorough analysis was conducted and the parameters of the electric drives of the most critically important equipment were determined. Methods. Comprehensive analysis of technical equipment and technology of railway transport. Results. It was established that the most labor-intensive among all the processes of equipping rolling stock is the process of equipping with sand, which is associated both with the specifics of sand, both as a working medium, and with increased requirements for its purity and humidity. A list of critically important electrical equipment was identified to ensure the technological process of preparing, transporting, storing and issuing sand to rolling stock. The parameters of the electric drives of the compressor unit, smoke exhausters, the furnace blowing device and the movement of the rotary drying drum were established. The obtained data were analyzed. Practical significance. The results obtained allow to form unified series of capacities of electric drives of equipment of locomotive depots and repair enterprises of railway transport, which can be used as initial data for prognostic modeling of stability of operation of this equipment when they are supplied with electric energy with low qualitative and quantitative indicators. Also, on the basis of the obtained results, a number of recommendations can be developed regarding the organization of uninterrupted power supply of such non-traction consumers of railway transport using energy from renewable sources. Also, the research material can be used in the implementation of measures to compensate for the negative impact of quantitative and qualitative indicators of supply electric energy on the reliability of non-traction consumers of railway transport.

ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

Purpose. In modern conditions, the sustainable development of transport enterprises is of crucial importance for ensuring economic growth, Ukraine's integration into the European space, and maintaining social stability. The sustainable development of transport enterprises is a key factor in ensuring the competitiveness of the economy, improving the quality of life of the population, and preserving the ecological balance. The modern transport complex in the conditions of globalization is significantly complicated by the need to integrate social, economic and environmental components of sustainable development. Taking into account the global trends of ecological transport, the integration of logistics solutions and the application of innovations in digitalization, deep questions arise regarding the acceleration of sustainable development. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the socio-economic aspects of ensuring the sustainable development of transport enterprises and to determine the mechanisms for integrating environmental, economic and social components into their activities. modern dynamics of socio-economic development, growing demand for transport services, digitalization and environmental challenges form new operating conditions of the transport industry, which require the development of effective sustainable development strategies that take into account social, economic and environmental aspects. Methods. The research used a comprehensive approach, including analysis of the regulatory framework, statistical methods, grapho-analytical modeling and systematic analysis of the interdependence of economic and environmental indicators. The results. It was established that the current state of development of transport enterprises of Ukraine is characterized by a low level of adaptation to the principles of sustainable development. Many transportation companies face the challenges of aging infrastructure and high maintenance costs. The main problems are uneven distribution of infrastructural resources, which limits the possibilities of optimal use of transport potential, lack of adequate financing of innovative investment projects in the field of transport, insufficient greening of the activities of transport enterprises, which leads to a negative impact on the environment. The introduction of modern technologies takes place unsystematically and without taking into account the strategic goals of sustainable development. Measures are proposed to increase the efficiency of management of transport enterprises, including the development of incentive mechanisms for the introduction of innovative technologies, the integration of environmental standards into the transportation process, the creation of conditions for public-private partnerships and the attraction of investments in transport infrastructure. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used when planning strategies for the development of transport enterprises and modernization of their activities in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development.

The carbon reduction effect of ESG performance: empirical evidence from Chinese shipping enterprises

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices have become a crucial pathway for the sustainable development of enterprises, and so have shipping enterprises. Based on the unbalanced panel data of China’s A-share listed shipping enterprises from 2009 to 2022, this study uses a multiple regression model to empirically test the impact of ESG performance on carbon emission reduction and its regional heterogeneity. The findings indicate that ESG performance significantly reduces the carbon emission intensity of shipping enterprises, a conclusion that remains robust across various robustness tests and endogenetic analyses. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that the carbon emission reduction effect of ESG performance is more pronounced in the southern region. These results underscore the importance of strengthening ESG capabilities as a key strategy for promoting the low-carbon transition of shipping enterprises and achieving sustainable development.

EVALUATION OF THE INNOVATION POTENTIAL OF FREIGHT ROAD TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT ISSUES

The purpose of the present article is to assess the current state and problems of the innovative potential of Ukrainian freight road transport enterprises. Methodology. The methodological framework for potential evaluation is hereby proposed, incorporating traditional evaluation indicators (aspects of resources, human resources, organisational, financial, and technological components) and supplemented by indicators that identify the impact of intellectual capital on development efficiency, the impact of human resources development costs on development efficiency, and the impact of technology investment on development efficiency. The work employs a range of analytical methods, including the comparative method, the index method, and the factor method. Results. An evaluation of the innovation potential of five leading enterprises in the freight transportation market in Ukraine was carried out. The study revealed that the enterprises primarily utilise innovative solutions in the technological and human resources components. It was established that PJSC "DHL International Ukraine" was the sole enterprise to demonstrate the implementation of innovative technological solutions from 2020 to 2023, thereby ensuring the effective management of human resources development in the context of fluctuating financial components. The evaluation results presented herein determine the formation of innovation potential characteristics of freight transport enterprises in Ukraine. Practical implications. The methodological support presented can be used to assess the innovative potential of Ukrainian road transport enterprises and related sectors. Moreover, the empirical research data can be utilised to compile lecture materials, practical classes, and test tasks related to the analysis of the features of innovative development of enterprises in the automotive sector of Ukraine and other countries. Value / Оriginality. The scientific novelty of the evaluation indicators list is predicated on the development of methodological support for evaluating the innovation potential level, with a focus on the relationship between innovation potential and enterprise performance.

MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AT ENTERPRISES IN THE TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEM

The digital transformation of enterprises in the transport and logistics system is a key factor in enhancing efficiency, competitiveness, and service quality. Modern transport and logistics enterprises face challenges related to the need for digital technology implementation, process automation, and adaptation to changes in the global economy. The lack of clear criteria for assessing digital maturity creates difficulties in effective strategic planning. The aim of this study is to develop and test a methodology for assessing the level of digitalization of road transport enterprises, which will allow determining the current level of digital maturity, identifying weaknesses, and developing recommendations for further development. The research utilizes a literature review, a comparison of international digital maturity assessment standards, as well as surveys and interviews with managers of transport and logistics enterprises. The developed methodology for assessing digitalization levels is based on three groups of criteria: technological, organizational, and human resource aspects. The assessment is carried out using a scoring system, allowing for the determination of the enterprise’s digital maturity level. An analysis of the digitalization level of leading Ukrainian transport and logistics enterprises was conducted. An adapted methodology for assessing the digitalization level of road transport enterprises was proposed, taking into account the specifics of the transport and logistics sector. The key indicators and weighting coefficients for evaluating digital maturity were identified. The methodology was tested, its effectiveness confirmed. The developed methodology provides transport and logistics enterprises with a tool for objectively assessing their level of digitalization, enabling them to identify development directions, attract investments in digital technologies, and improve operational efficiency. Moreover, the methodology can be used for developing digital transformation strategies and adapting business processes to modern technological trends.

DETERMINATION OF DAMAGES FROM VEHICLE DOWNTIME DUE TO ENGINE FAILURES

Vehicle downtime due to engine failure causes a reduction in the amount of transport work and the cost of repairs. In this way, they cause significant losses for transport enterprises. In modern conditions, methods for assessing losses due to vehicle downtime caused by engine failure have not yet been developed sufficiently. An approach has been developed to assess the amount of losses caused by vehicle downtime due to engine failure. The amount of loss to transport enterprises caused by downtime due to engine failure consists of the following parts: lost profit because of the inablity to perform a certain amount of transport work; increase in the cost of production which results from an increase in the share of fixed costs per unit of transport work; the amount of wages paid to drivers for downtime if they are not busy drving another car or doing alternative work; the amount of fines for unperformed work or work performed in violation of the contractual term due to vehicle downtime; additional costs for interest on the loan in case of financing the purchase of a vehicle with borrowed funds. The approach we have proposed to determine the loss due to vehicle downtime takes into account only the loss associated with the failure to perform a certain amount of work on cargo transportation. When establishing the amount of loss, the costs of eliminating malfunctions and replacing spare parts of the vehicle were not taken into account, since these costs are included in the repair costs. Based on data on truck downtime collected under RTE 16368, calculations of the amount of loss were made using the proposed method. The total amount of loss caused by vehicle downtime due to engine malfunctions amounted to UAH 63456,6. As the calculations showed, the amount of loss due to the underpayment by the transport enterprise amounted to 51.9%, and with an increase in the share of conditional fixed costs per unit of transport work, it amounted to 3.5% of the total amount of loss. Using the proposed method will allow to determin the damage from vehicle downtime and assess the effectiveness of measures to improve engine reliability.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE: INTEGRATION OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA

The purpose of this paper is to determine the key criteria for assessing the sustainable development of transport enterprises, including economic, social and environmental aspects, as well as to develop economic indicators for a comprehensive assessing the sustainability of their development in the context of modern challenges. To achieve this goal, a number of modern general scientific methods and research techniques were used, such as: abstract and logical, including analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction; generalization – to review information sources, study domestic and foreign experience; system analysis – for the purpose of a holistic perception of the research object and a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the elements within the defined problem as a whole. The paper analyzes and summarizes the existing definitions of the concept known as “sustainable development of an enterprise”, which allowed the author to clarify its meaning. Thus, “sustainable development of an enterprise” is a condition which enables an enterprise to continuously adjust the indicators (criteria) which are important for the enterprise and characterize the economic, social, environmental or other components of the enterprise's activities to a level which makes it possible to use available resources as efficiently and as long as possible without harming the natural environment and the interests of current customers. It was determined that in order to ensure sustainability and obtain the required level of profit, transport enterprises should strive for effective management of revenues and expenses. This management includes rapid diagnostics of revenue, cost and profit indicators, calculation and analysis of deviations, taking necessary corrective measures, controlling the compliance of actual revenues and expenses with planned ones, determining the expected profit and planning its use, as well as planning and forecasting revenues, calculating future expenses and justifying cost-saving and cost reduction programs. A study of the sustainable development aspects for a transport enterprise (economic, social, environmental, etc.) was carried out, which made it possible to identify a set of interrelated criteria that determine the external and internal environment. Usually, the main criteria for assessing the sustainable development of an enterprise are economic indicators that reflect the company's profitability. The analysis of the collected data allowed to form a set of economic criteria for assessing the sustainable development of a transport enterprise. The theoretical conclusions, approaches and recommendations proposed in the article can be used to create a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the processes taking place at an enterprise. This will allow to draw reasonable conclusions about the level of achieving sustainability of the studied enterprise, identify problematic aspects and bottlenecks in its activities, and design a program to increase the level of sustainability at the enterprise.

CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF FLEXIBLE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF POST-WAR RECOVERY

The article examines the conceptual foundations of flexible personnel manage­ment in transport and logistics enterprises in the context of Ukraine's post-war economic recove­ry. It is determined that the current challenges caused by infrastructure destruction, labor market instability, a shortage of qualified personnel, and social risks necessitate a transition to adaptive personnel strategies. It is substantiated that the implementation of flexible personnel manage­ment mechanisms enhances enterprise resilience, improves their ability to respond to external changes, and ensures competitive advantages. A conceptual model of flexible personnel manage­ment is proposed, based on three interrelated components: theoretical-methodological, analyti­cal, and practical foundations. The theoretical-methodological foundation includes the definition of key principles of personnel management, its objectives, tasks, and methods. The analytical foundation encompasses the assessment of personnel strategy effectiveness, the adaptability of organizational structures, and their compliance with modern labor market demands. The practical foundation involves the implementation of flexible employment forms, modernization of HR processes, professional competency development, and the execution of social programs. Within the framework of the conceptual foundations, external factors directly influencing the effectiveness of flexible personnel management strategies are also examined. Particular attention is given to changes in the functioning of the transport and logistics system, labor market structure transformation, and the evolution of approaches to workforce training and development in the context of post-war recovery. To ensure the effective implementation of the concept, programs for developing professional competencies of specialists in the transport and logistics system, forming an innovative training ecosystem, and creating a unified inclusive online educational hub for professional development in transport and logistics have been proposed. The theoretical and methodological foundations of flexible personnel management developed in the article provide a basis for further applied research and practical developments aimed at improving personnel policies in transport and logistics enterprises in the post-crisis period.

PROCESS-ORIENTED APPROACH TO PLANNING THE ACTIVITIES OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

The paper establishes that the most appropriate direction related to the improvement of the planning system is the use of a process-oriented approach. In order to understand the essence of process-oriented planning, the paper substantiates the application of the process-oriented planning concept for planning the activities of a motor transport enterprise. Among all the concepts, the process-oriented planning concept characterizes to a greater extent the peculiarities of the work of motor transport enterprises, which is reflected in the main features of planning concepts considered in the work. Therefore, the application of this concept will allow to ensure the connection between the planning processes and the economic model of the main activity of the motor transport enterprise. With this in mind, a planning methodology has been developed, based on such tools as a process-oriented approach and budgeting. The algorithm of the developed methodology consists of eighteen stages. The use of this planning methodology increases the efficiency and accuracy of calculations of the planned indicators, reduces the level of production costs, and contributes to informed decision-making on the volume, assortment, and price of transportation, taking into account the specifics of the production process of motor transport enterprises. The balance sheet forecast is based on the income and expense budget, investment budget, cash flow budget, and balance sheet at the beginning of the budget period. A discrepancy between the forecasts of the active and passive parts of the balance sheet indicates a lack or excess of funding. The choice of financing method is made through additional analysis. The result of applying the presented methodology is the consolidated budget of a road transport enterprise, which is presented in this paper. This budget of the enterprise is a financial expression of marketing and production plans that are necessary in order to achieve the goal. The consolidated budget is a coordinated work plan for the entire enterprise, which includes two main budgets - operating and financial.

ASSESSMENT OF THE FLEXIBILITY OF BUSINESS PROCESSES OF TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS ENTERPRISES

Enterprises in Ukraine, including transport and logistics companies, are forced to adapt their operations to constantly changing market conditions, crisis situations, military operations and unstable resource supplies. In such circumstances, the ability of an enterprise to quickly adapt and continuously improve business processes becomes a critical factor for its survival and competitiveness in the market. Business process flexibility is defined as the ability of an enterprise to respond quickly and effectively to changes in the external environment without reducing productivity and quality of service. To date, a wealth of theoretical and practical experience has been gained on the concept of flexibility, its types and certain recommendations for ensuring it. However, there is a need to develop new methodological approaches to assessing flexibility that would not only reduce the risks associated with unstable conditions, but also increase the efficiency of decision-making and ensure proper integration with suppliers and customers. The importance of this issue also lies in the fact that the lack of appropriate methods for assessing the flexibility of business processes significantly hinders the ability of enterprises to identify and respond to problem areas in a timely manner. The article proposes a new methodological approach to assessing the flexibility of business processes of transport and logistics enterprises, which takes into account three main aspects: characterisation of the flexibility incentive, direct assessment of process flexibility, and strategic decisions to achieve and ensure it. The incentive for flexibility arises from the gap between the current and desired state of business process performance, which forces organisations to adapt their strategies, structure and technologies to achieve new goals and improve performance. The flexibility is assessed based on the following indicators: reaction time (adaptation speed), quality of reaction (effectiveness of changes) and cost of adaptation (resource costs of changes). A list of specific indicators and criteria for assessing the flexibility of business processes of enterprises in the transport and logistics system has been developed, which includes characteristics from different areas: production, financial, logistics, and management. The proposed approach is a systematic approach to determining the level of flexibility in the context of constant change and instability and serves as a basis for further research and development of practical tools to increase flexibility in the ATP.

SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO DEFINING DIRECTIONS FOR ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES OF MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES: SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE COMPONENTS

The article examines the pressing issues of managing logistics activities in motor transport enterprises (MTEs) in Ukraine under martial law and during post-war recovery. The study proposes a logistics management system for MTEs based on systematic and cybernetic approaches. The structure of the controlling and controlled subsystems of the logistics system is defined, allowing for the identification of its subjective and objective components. The proposed logistics management system for MTEs is based on feedback principles, ensuring continuous monitoring and adjustment of logistics processes. The key directions for assessing logistics efficiency from a systematic approach perspective are identified, based on the developed management system. The subjective component of the logistics system encompasses human resources, organizational management structure, technological and informational support, innovation capacity and adaptability, management system flexibility, sustainable development and social responsibility, management methods and functions, crisis management, resilience to challenges and security, strategic partnership skills, managerial competencies, corporate culture, communication quality, and investments in management infrastructure development. This component plays a crucial role in shaping managerial decisions and ensuring the adaptability of logistics processes to external changes. The objective component includes the evaluation of input resources, system performance outcomes, the efficiency of the executive structure, means of labor, objects of labor, and logistics operations. The main criteria for assessing logistics process efficiency are determined, considering the interaction between the subjective and objective components. This approach enables the optimization of resource management and enhances the resilience of logistics systems under conditions of economic instability. The research findings can be utilized to improve the management of logistics processes in motor transport enterprises, increasing their efficiency and adaptability.

Heads of the Operational Department of the Armavir-Tuapse Railway (a personal factor in the History)

Relevance. The issues considered in the article are a poorly studied aspect of the operational period of the history of the Armavir-Tuapse Railway Joint-Stock Company. Researchers and local historians studying the development of railway communication in the North Caucasus at the beginning of the 20th century did not focus on the people who managed one of the most important regional highways that connected the Black Sea coast with the all-Russian railway network. This, in turn, does not allow us to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the events of the past and clearly demonstrates the relevance of this research.The goal of the research is to reconstruct the events associated with changes in the management of the operational department of the Armavir-Tuapse Railway from 1914 to 1920, and to restore the professional biographies of the engineers who headed it. This chronological framework is determined by the establishment of the position of the road manager in 1914 and the nationalization of the transport enterprise in 1920, which entailed its liquidation as a legal entity due to the transformation of the general state structure of Russia.The principles of historicism and objectivity have become the methodological basis of the research. The approaches of systematization and generalization, as well as problem-chronological and retrospective methods have been used. Unpublished documents stored in the federal, regional and municipal archives of the Russian Federation have been chosed as a source base for the research.The result of the research. Apart from introducing professional biographies of railway engineers and the chronology of changes in the management of the operational management of the Armavir-Tuapse railway, the role and characteristics of the personal contribution to the organization of railway freight and passenger transportation on this highway have been analyzed.

PROBLEMS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE MARKET OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE STATEOF WAR: IDENTIFICATION AND WAYS OF OVERCOMING

The article analyzes the challenges facing public transportation in the capital during the war and outlines potential development paths for the post-war period. It's crucial to note that assessing the performance of municipal transport enterprises is complex due to the threat of enemy shelling and their pre-war financial struggles. The development of an efficient urban public transportation system is a complex economic challenge that demands a rational selection of a transport market organization model. The chosen model will shape the level of competition, the attractiveness of the sector for investments, and ultimately, the quality and accessibility of transportation services, which are essential for the well- being of city dwellers. The article examines factors affecting service quality and the financial health of both municipal and private carriers, as well as approaches to interpreting economic efficiency and the passenger transportation market. It also investigates the decline in passenger traffic at Kyiv's public utilities, its underlying causes, and the war's impact on the transportation system. The "Recovery Plan of Ukraine," approved in 2022, specifically addresses the prospects for urban transport development. The text highlights that urban transportation was in a poor state even before the Russian invasion and that territorial communities now face the challenge of renewal, modernization, and overall reform. It emphasizes the need for legislative and regulatory changes at the local level to attract funding for post- war reconstruction. A multi-faceted evaluation of transportation enterprises' economic efficiency necessitates considering various financial, socio-economic, and operational factors, as well as the external factor of regional security.The analysis concludes that the unsatisfactory economic condition of municipal enterprises stems not only from wartime challenges but also from mismanagement in the pre- war period. The primary priorities for restoring the urban transportation system should be comprehensive, consider socio-economic development factors, and align with the country's overall reconstruction plan.