ABSTRACT Beginning in 1970, radical feminists on both sides of the Atlantic constructed a new infrastructure of wrongs including ‘battery’, ‘crimes against women,’ ‘wife rape’ and ‘femicide’ – that centred around an intensified notion of bodily autonomy. By the late 1980s, their liberal counterparts had launched an extraordinarily successful campaign against male violence that led to legislative reforms, EU and UN resolutions, and embedded itself in the interstices of state-funded social provision in European capitals. Based on archival research, feminist and legal theory and interviews with key protagonists, this paper resurrects an alternative genealogy of feminist thought that historicises what we now define as ‘gender-based violence,’ its causes and effects, and the potential ways out as they were first imagined, and then translated into policy and law. With a focus on refuge activism in the Netherlands and its transnational history, I locate the origins of this vocabulary not in canonical theory, but in the international network of European shelters, which housed the nucleus of the 1970s and 1980s radical feminist movement against male violence. I discuss these first shelters as ideas to live in.

ABSTRACT This article reconsiders the adequacy of diasporic frameworks in understanding the Indian Nepali community, particularly the discourse centred on the notions of a singular “homeland” and “home”. Through a literary analysis of two stories, “The Long March Out of Burma” and “One Among Us”, from the short story collection Long Night of Storm (2018) by Indra Bahadur Rai, the article examines how home is imagined across multiple scales, from the intimate realm of memory and kinship ties to the local dynamics of settlement in new regions, and the broader transnational histories of Nepali dispersal. The narratives challenge diasporic frameworks premised on the longing for a lost homeland, and foreground belonging through layered intersecting spatial and affective dimensions. The article thus proposes the concept of multi-scalar belonging to understand Indian Nepali identity, where belonging is never static but is continually negotiated between past and present, loss and adaptation, departure and arrival.

While public service broadcasters are typically regarded as national institutions, their histories are profoundly transnational. Ideas, programmes, and models have crossed national borders since the earliest days of radio transmission. Yet the transnational histories of radio genres have remained largely unexplored. This article seeks to address that gap by analysing the formation and development of three serial fiction genres—family drama, crime series, and radio comedy—in the context of the Finnish public broadcasting company Yleisradio. Series representing these genres were among the most popular and longest-running radio shows in Finland. Drawing on an extensive collection of empirical material—including Yleisradio’s Annual reports, programming metadata, newspaper clippings, and radio programmes—the research reveals a variety of transnational exchange in programme production. It also underscores the need for further research that places the transnational dynamics at the forefront.

Silvio Pons. The Rise and Fall of the Italian Communist Party. A Transnational History. Transl. [from Italian] by Derek Boothman and Chris Dennis. [Stanford Hoover Series on Authoritarianism.] Stanford University Press/Hoover Institution, Stanford (CA) 2024. xix, 390 pp. 35.00.)

This paper examines how knowledge circulated since 1945, merging Cold War history with the transnational history of knowledge. While existing studies have focused on U.S. influence in transforming knowledge circulation within the Cold War's global order, postcolonial states present different dynamics. Countries such as South Korea and Taiwan transitioned from Japan's imperial network to a U.S.-centered system after the war, raising critical questions: What happened to knowledge networks that operated under the Japanese Empire when American hegemony emerged? Did these networks dissolve or persist? Such issues are specific to postcolonial contexts and cannot be fully addressed within Western frameworks. Through case studies of aviation medicine and industrial medicine in post-liberation Korea, this paper explores the dynamics of discontinuity and continuity in knowledge networks. It demonstrates that the circulation of knowledge was shaped not only by American influence as the new imperial power but also by continuing interactions between postcolonial Korea and its former empire, Japan. The findings reveal that different academic disciplines experienced varying patterns of knowledge transfer, highlighting the complex interplay between new and former imperial powers in shaping postcolonial knowledge production.

Irish nuns and education in the Anglophone world. A transnational history. By Deirdre Raftery. (Global Histories of Education.) Pp. xxiv + 221 incl. 11 figs and 3 tables. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023. £99. 978 3 031 46200 9; 2731 6408 - Volume 77 Issue 1

This article examines the participation of the Seminoles and Mascogos in the defence of northeastern Mexico between 1850 and 1861, in a context marked by Comanche and Apache incursions that devastated the region’s populations, economies, and political structures. The central hypothesis argues that the incorporation of these emigrant groups responded to a strategy by the Mexican state to contain invasions in Coahuila and neighbouring states, through agreements that granted land, citizenship, protection, and recognition in exchange for military support. The study draws on nineteenth-century documentary sources, such as military reports, agreements, and the press, as well as recent scholarship in political and transnational history, to reconstruct campaigns in which these emigrant groups participated, and more specifically to account for the tensions between them and the frontier’s military and civilian forces. On this basis, the article shows that their collaboration was crucial to regional defensive arrangements, and that their integration as allies and citizens produced an ambiguous relationship that reveals the negotiated and hybrid nature of state-building on the northeastern frontier.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the formation of school culture in the public school system of Piauí, Brazil, between 1927 and 1961, from the perspective of the Transnational History of Educational Knowledge and Practices. Drawing on the theoretical contributions of António Nóvoa (2009), Rebecca Rogers (2019), Diana Gonçalves Vidal (2011, 2020), and Rodán Vera (2021), the study argues that pedagogical models circulated internationally and were appropriated and re-signified in local contexts. The analysis focuses on primary education, the training of female teachers in normal schools, and teaching practices, with an emphasis on curricular and methodological guidelines related to the teaching of Geography. Methodologically, it is informed by Escolano Benito (2017), who conceives school praxis as an expression of culture shaped by memory and experience. The research employs documentary analysis and a hermeneutic interpretation of normative texts, memoirs, testimonies, and curricular programs. The findings reveal a pedagogy in transit, marked by the coexistence of tradition and innovation, and point to a hybrid and situated school culture. The role of INEP, the educational programs of 1928, 1949, and 1960, and the mediation of reforming agents indicate processes of local translation of pedagogical knowledge circulating globally. The article concludes that the school culture of Piauí was constructed through negotiations between prescribed models and lived practices, reinforcing the analytical strength of the transnational approach.

This article explores the development of the Yugoslav blood transfusion system and practices, analysing them from their beginnings in the 1920s to the end of Yugoslavia. It shows that Yugoslav doctors experimented with blood transfusion almost as early as their international colleagues. Nevertheless, it took a massive effort by the post-war Yugoslav communists to develop the infrastructure, workforce, blood production system and modern practices needed to meet ever-growing demands. I show that Yugoslav communists based their organisational framework on the Soviet model with assistance from Soviet specialists, yet I argue that Yugoslav doctors also followed practices in the West. Furthermore, I show that the development of voluntary blood donation in Yugoslavia represented a departure from the earlier Soviet system based on paid donation and reflected diverse international influences. Following the split with the Soviet Union and the adoption of a non-aligned foreign policy, Yugoslav healthcare developed without adhering to a single political model and Yugoslav doctors were eventually able to participate freely in the exchange of knowledge with both the Western and Eastern blocs. However, the article also shows that once the blood donation system relied on incentives, making it fully voluntary proved almost impossible, a problem that became acute when Yugoslav socialism collapsed and the socialist economy disappeared. Finally, by situating Yugoslav healthcare within a transnational history paradigm, this article demonstrates the importance of examining the circulation of ideas in health, as medical practices were shaped by complex and overlapping international influences rather than by a single political system.

As the Eastern Battlefield of the Global Anti-Fascist War raged on, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression not only rallied the resistance forces of the Chinese nation but also drew foreign experts from across the globe to devote themselves to the cause of aiding China. This paper takes the group of foreign experts in China from 1931 to 1945 as its research subject, adopts a research approach integrating transnational history and regional history, and systematically sorts out the aid-to-China journeys of foreign experts in fields such as military affairs, medical care, science and technology, and culture. By analyzing their group composition characteristics, operational practice paths, and historical impacts, this paper reveals the core role of foreign experts in tactical innovation, medical rescue, technology transfer, and international communication, and explores the interactive relationship between the transnational intellectual network and the Anti-Fascist United Front. The study finds that th

This article introduces a special issue marking the fiftieth anniversary of Argentina's 24 March 1976 coup, which inaugurated a brutal civic-military dictatorship and a program to reshape the state, economy, and society. Situating the coup within Argentina's long history of cycles of authoritarianism and democracy, escalating political violence, and regional patterns of military intervention, the special issue highlights both continuities and ruptures. The last dictatorship was exceptional in its systematic repression and state terrorism, as well as in its ambitious economic neoliberalization. Bringing together contributions from political, social, economic, and transnational history, this special issue contributes to the historiography on the interaction between domestic struggles and global forces: the regime's evolving relationship with Washington, the role of international financial institutions, the activism of exiles and human rights organizations, and the Cold War in Latin America. It revisits the dictatorship's ideological foundations, institutional reforms, social transformations, and strategies of international legitimization, while tracing the emergence of resistance and the eventual transition to democracy. Together, the essays underscore the long-term legacies of the dictatorship, including persistent tensions in civil–military relations, debates over memory and justice, and the question of the link between authoritarianism and neoliberalism.

The study interprets Hungary’s counterrevolutionary interwar regime at the intersection of paramilitarism in the immediate aftermath of World War I and the rise of the modern racial state. It traces how the failure to prosecute perpetrators of antisemitic and political violence and the enactment of exclusionary laws marked a decisive turn from the Rechtsstaat to the Rassenstaat. Drawing on judicial archives and comparative cases, the essay argues that Hungary’s miscarriages of justice created both the precedent and the source of institutional habits for later racialised governance and persecution. The impunity granted to paramilitary perpetrators reshaped interwar political culture and fed into later extreme right-wing political cultures, including the political cultures and ideologies cultivated by Hungarian collaborators in the Holocaust. By contextualising Hungary’s experience in transnational histories of race, law, and modernisation, the article redefines the White Terror as a formative episode in the global genealogy of the racial state.

Based on the Womandla! Feminism and Social Movements in the Global South Online Seminar Series, this special issue originated in a conference that was to be held in South Africa but became caught up in a moment of ‘reworlding’ experienced globally. This special issue centres women’s experiences of gender in the Global South: editors and authors embrace both the feminist historical tradition and the theoretical insights of decolonial feminisms to enact the practice of writing feminist and gender histories that embody the heterogeneity of women’s historical and contemporary experiences. In tracing the global exchanges taking place between individual activists and their networks, this special issue responds to Su Lin Lewis’s call for creating deeper and more participatory histories of activism in the Global South. Authors approach the idea of the Global South through national and transnational histories of feminist social movements, and especially through the lens of African, Latin American, South Asian, Irish, and global feminisms. By connecting past and present, the articles develop new approaches to the conceptualisation of contemporary social movements and their many predecessors.

ABSTRACT Between 1910 and 1940 a physical training college in Silkeborg, Denmark, trained students from across the world in physical education and gymnastics. The founder H.G. Junker’s vision was to promote the benefits of progressive physical education. Despite its innovative approach and clear importance, the College has been largely ignored by sports history. This article unearths the history and curriculum of this overlooked space of physical education training, by presenting it as a formative space for women’s physical education. Although situated in Denmark, if a transnational methodology and optic is employed, the College becomes a vital environment of physical education training for Britain and its Empire. It acts as an important outpost, exemplifying the vital contribution that Danish and Swedish gymnastics made to the growth in British physical education, especially for women. After tracking the transnational history and curriculum of the College, the final section employs a case study methodology to confirm the College’s important legacy. Ultimately this article uses previously unheard archival voices to present the College as a dynamic space of training that embodies a neglected Danish-British history of physical education and amplifies the vital importance of the transnational dynamic for the promotion of women’s health, sport, and pedagogy.

Abstract . The article is devoted to the study of revisionist English-language historiography of the Japanese Empire, within the framework of which its one-dimensional interpretation as a militaristic colonial regime implementing a nationalistic expansionist policy is revised. At the same time, little-known facts of the history of the Japanese Empire revealed allow us to discover a certain similarity between the strategies of Japanese and Soviet policies on the geopolitical stage of the first quarter of the twentieth century. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it draws attention to the prospects of a comparative study of the Japanese Empire inspired by the ideas of pan-Asianism and the socialist USSR as initiators of the creation of alternative projects of modernity opposing Western imperialism. The objective of the study is to study the features that fundamentally distinguish the Japanese Empire and the USSR from modern Western empires. Both countries positioned themselves as active agents of the anti-imperialist struggle, advocated racial equality, supported anti-colonial movements in Asia; sought to implement social development projects based on the equality of peoples and their peaceful coexistence. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the regularity of a comparative study of the foreign and domestic policies of the Japanese Empire and the USSR, based on the materials of modern English-language historiography. The article is based on the methodology of cultural studies, which, being an umbrella discipline, appeals to the concepts of a civilizational approach, new imperial history, global and transnational histories, and the history of memory. The results of the article focus on the prospects for a comparative study of the trajectories of the development of the Japanese Empire and the USSR, alternative to the Western world order, which previously seemed parallel and did not imply any points of intersection. Keywords: Japanese Empire, alternative projects of modernity, history of memory, history of empires, comparative studies of the Japanese Empire and the USSR, pan-Asianism, revisionist English-language historiography of the Japanese

Abstract This article re-examines the history of the Assembly of Captive European Nations (ACEN), using the organization as a lens to explore the workings of state-private networks in American political warfare during the Cold War. Previous scholarship on exile political organizations in the United States has either emphasized American strategy or reclaimed exile activities for national histories. These narratives often remain parallel rather than integrated histories. The ACEN operated simultaneously as a managed propaganda instrument that was part of the Free Europe Committee (FEC), a platform of East Central European political cooperation in exile, and a symbolic surrogate “voice of the captive nations” in international forums. The case of the ACEN illustrates how political warfare was co-produced by unequal yet interdependent partners. It also reveals that Cold War political warfare was not a unidirectional projection of US power but a negotiated partnership within state-private exile networks. Methodologically, the article addresses archival silences, inconsistencies, and selective preservation. These are not treated as gaps but as evidence of how both US sponsors and exile leaders sought to shape their own historical record. The Author critically re-examines her research journey across diverse regimes of documentation (exile, US American, and communist) and interviews to reveal methods for tracing exile agency. This perspective complicates rigid Cold War binaries and highlights the importance of methodological awareness when writing transnational history.

ABSTRACT This article presents the author’s research into the meanings acquired by the term missions in the history of education in Ibero-America, its colonial origins and its appropriation and reconfiguration by different political officials, pedagogues and rural teachers. The word “missions” has been used to refer to various practices, both religious and secular. This work will focus on analysing the missions that had the purpose of intervening in non-urban, peripheral territories, far from the centres of political power. In the early 1920s in Mexico, Vasconcelos, then Secretary of Public Education, drew inspiration from the religious missions deployed during the colonial period in Indigenous territories to create Cultural Missions. Between 1930 and 1960, in Spain, Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil, missions were implemented, which shared features with the Mexican experience. What educational concepts and practices were associated with Cultural Missions? Which elements became transnational and why? What role did UNESCO and CREFAL play in this process? To answer these questions, contributions from the transnational history of education, intellectual history and post-colonial studies will be gathered, also relying on various sources, such as mission chronicles, official publications, writings by teachers and officials, and an interview with a missionary.

Irish Nuns and Education in the Anglophone World: A Transnational History, by Deirdre Raftery

: <i>The Rise and Fall of the Italian Communist Party: A Transnational History</i>

This study examines the symbolic and political status of the eastern ethnic group Solongos (Солонгос) within the cosmological worldview of the Mongol Empire, known as ТАВАН ӨНГӨ ДӨРВӨН ХАРЬ ЕСӨН ИХ УЛС (“Five Colors, Four Foreigners, Nine Great Nations”). Focusing on the narrative of the Mongolian legend The Legend of Argasun Khuurchi (Аргасан хуурчийн домог), the paper explores how Solongos was not merely perceived as a geographical Other, but rather as a time-honored neighboring people symbolized through “rainbow” (солонго) and “east” (сол) motifs in Mongolian classical texts and mythologies. In particular, the myth of Boha(Bukha) Tsagaan Khan and his daughter Princess Khulan, as depicted in The Blue Chronicle (Хөх судар) and The Golden Summary (Алтан товч), reveals the distinctive position of Solongos as one of the “five-colored nations” in the ideological integration of the empire. The Mongol Empire structured its vision of universal rule through the concept of the “five colors” (ТАВАН ӨНГӨ) as cosmic and political principles, assigning each ethnic group a symbolic color to legitimize its divine mandate and imperial order. Within this system, Solongos was associated with the color white (цагаан), representing purity and the sacred origins of the East. It should be noted that, unlike the more widespread East Asian convention that associates the East with blue or green (青), the Mongolian color–direction scheme found in texts such as Shar Tuuzh, Altan Tobchi, and Tsagaan Tuukh assigns the color white (цагаан) to the eastern Solongos, indicating a regionally specific adaptation of the five-color cosmology rather than a simple adoption of the Chinese model. Moreover, as descendants of Balhae(渤海) and Goguryeo(高句麗), the Solongos embodied the archetype of the nomadic diaspora within Mongolian mytho-historical narratives, functioning as intermediaries of cultural integration in the empire’s discourse of conquest and coexistence. By interpreting the figure of Solongos, this research seeks to analyze the layered structure of the Mongol Empire’s global order and uncover traces of imperial memory and cultural solidarity shaped through patterns of otherness and interaction. It ultimately recontextualizes the historical ties between the Mongols and the Korean people as part of a transnational history of cultural exchange, and analyzes the role and symbolism of the “Eastern People” in the Mongolian mythic framework as part of the ideological foundations of medieval Mongol world rule.