Transmission Services Research Articles

THE HADITH INDUSTRY IN THE INTERPRETATION OF SCHOLAR EL-HJOUJI

Moroccan scholars have been interested in religious sciences since the introduction of Islam to Morocco, and left us valuable works, some of which are considered reliable references. Among the sciences that they gave great attention to, and devoted a great deal of time to, is the interpretation of the Noble Qur’an. So we find in the book of interpretation the grammatical, morphological, lexical, rhetorical, jurisprudential, or Sufi artifacts, or we find most of them... With their diversity and differences, the ways they dealt with the interpretation of the contents of the Quranic verses varied and differed. In this scientific article, I deal with research and study of the hadith industry of one of the scholars of Morocco, Mohamed El Hjouji (d. 1370 AH) through his interpretation of “The Necklace of Durr, Sapphire and Coral in the Interpretation of the Qur’an.” This research introduces this encyclopedic scholar, who gave Morocco many like him in the fourteenth century AH. It also presents to researchers and those other scholars the efforts of the man in the service of religious sciences, transmission and rationality, whether it is related to the science of the outer or the inner, especially his efforts in the service of the Holy Qur’an in terms of its interpretation, and the Sunnah of the Prophet and its sciences in terms of both teaching and composition. The reason for my choice of the subject of Hadith industry in Tafsir El Hjouji, which is still in manuscript form in the library of his heirs in the city of El Jadida in the Kingdom of Morocco, is to show the man’s encyclopedic knowledge, his mastery of accepted hadith texts and what is below, and his skill in employing these prophetic hadiths in the process of interpretation, but rather his good use of hadith sciences in this process

Time-varying Reliability Analysis of Contact Fatigue Strength for Nutation Face Gear Transmission

Background: Nutation face gear transmission is a patent about a new type of transmission based on meshing between two face gears. It replaces spur gear with internal face gear to form a “faceface” meshing gear pair and actualizes its deceleration function by combining the nutation principle, which has the advantages of both face gear and nutation drive. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to establish the time-varying reliability calculation model of contact fatigue strength based on fractal contact theory, so as to improve the reliability, safe service and further optimization design of the nutation face gear transmission. Methods: The time-varying uncertainties of the contact stress and the allowable contact stress of the face gear teeth are analyzed respectively, and then the time-varying reliability model of the contact fatigue strength is established. Finally, the drift rate and fluctuation rate of each random variable are simulated using the Monte Carlo simulation method to obtain the time-varying reliability of the contact fatigue strength for the nutation face gear drive. Results: The results show that the general trend of geometric Brownian motion locus of each random variable is consistent with the actual situation. Conclusion: For the given example of the nutation face gear transmission device, the reliability of the contact fatigue strength of the planetary face gear meshing with the fixed face gear and the rotating face gear within one year is calculated to be 0.9912 and 0.9856 respectively, and the maximum vibration noise is about 68dB, which meets the expected value.

Software Defined Network-Based Multi Service Routing Algorithm for Spatial Information Network

In order to solve the problems of unbalanced utilization of link resources due to the different capabilities of nodes in the spatial information network and the difficulty of satisfying the quality of service(QoS) with the change of task requirements, this paper proposes a multi-service routing algorithm for a spatial information network based on Software Defined Network(SDN), which divides the network transmission services into three categories: delay sensitive, bandwidth sensitive and packet loss rate sensitive. The link state information between satellite nodes is collected by an SDN controller, and then the topology-based bidirectional search algorithm is used to establish a “Source-Destination” set of routes between satellite nodes, the algorithm counts the delay, bandwidth, and packet loss rate of each route in the set, and selects routes that meet the needs of different business classes for data forwarding. The results show that the routing cost of this algorithm is lower than other algorithms, and it has better throughput performance.

THE CONCEPT OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE RETAIL ELECTRICITY MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE INDUSTRY

The market model of the Russian power industry that currently exists is facing trends and challenges, such as rising electricity prices for end-consumers, rising tariffs for power transmission services and sales mark-ups, the complexity and high cost of technological connection to power grids and capacity expansion, as well as increase in cross-subsidisation.At the same time, the energy industry is influenced by external factors caused by a number of technological changes that have matured in Russia and in the world, such as the transition from electric energy production at large power plants to the use of distributed generators (including those using renewable energy sources (RES), an increase in the final price on electricity due to growth in demand, as well as the transformation of the spread and reduction in the cost of generator techniques with the use of renewable energy sources, technologies for energy storage systems, as well as the development of smart metering systems.In turn, cutting-edge technologies of the electric power industry not only lead to positive economic effects when implemented separately, they reveal the fullest range of effects and lead to the emergence of new models of interaction in the retail market if their interaction is coordinated by Industry 4.0 digital technologies. Thus, the combined influence of digital transition technologies in the electric power industry forms the prerequisites for the emergence of a new type of consumer of electric power – an active consumer.The purpose of this study is to analyse the factors influencing the adoption of these technologies by retail market entities and the effectiveness of their implementation, as well as the formation of a target retail market concept that takes into account the introduction of active consumers and has the potential to create direct and indirect economic effects for energy industry entities.

Availability and readiness of the health facilities to provide HIV counseling and testing and prevention of mother-to-child transmission services in Burkina Faso: a trend analysis from 2012 to 2018

BackgroundProvider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC) and Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) are key services for achieving the goal of complete elimination of HIV. However, there is limited evidence on the ability of health facilities to provide these services in Burkina Faso. Therefore, we aimed to assess the trends and disparities in the availability and readiness of health facilities to provide PITC and PMTCT services in Burkina Faso between 2012 and 2018.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of facility-level data from the World Health Organization’s Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) surveys conducted in 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018 in Burkina Faso. The availability and readiness of health facilities were assessed using SARA’s manual, and linear regressions were used to examine trends.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2018, the mean proportion of health facilities providing PITC services increased, but not significantly, from 82.9% to 83.4% (p = 0.11), with the mean readiness index significantly decreasing from 71.5% to 65.4% (p < 0.001). This decrease concerned the staff and guidelines (73.8% to 50.5%; p < 0.001), equipment (79.0% to 77.4%; p < 0.001), and medicines and commodities (54.2% to 45.2%; p < 0.001) domains. Regarding the PMTCT services, the mean proportion of health facilities globally providing the service significantly decreased from 83.7% in 2012 to 67.7% (p = 0.030) in 2018, and the mean readiness significantly decreased from 53.2% in 2012 to 50.9% in 2018 (p = 0.004). This decreasing trend was related to the staff and training (80.3% to 57.6%; p < 0.001) and medicines and commodities (9.2% to 6.5%; p < 0.001) domains. The global significant negative trend of readiness was mainly observed at the primary level of healthcare (52.7% to 49.4%; p = 0.030). Four regions experienced a significant decrease in the readiness index of health facilities to provide PMTCT services: Cascades, Centre, Centre-Sud, and Sud-Ouest, while Haut-Bassins and Nord regions showed increasing trends.ConclusionAvailability and readiness of health facilities to provide PITC and PMTCT remain suboptimal in Burkina Faso. Actions to strengthen the skills of professionals and enhance the availability of medicines and commodities while focusing more on health regions with significant decreasing trends are urgently needed to improve the quality of services for HIV.

Recent Advances in Time-Sensitive Network Configuration Management: A Literature Review

At present, many network applications are seeking to implement Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) technology, which not only furnishes communication transmission services that are deterministic, low-latency, highly dependable, and have ample bandwidth, but also enables unified configuration management, permitting different network types to function under a single management system. These characteristics enable it to be widely used in many fields such as industrial sensor and actuator networks, in-vehicle networks, data center networks, and edge computing. Nonetheless, TSN’s configuration management faces numerous difficulties and challenges related to network deployment, automated operation, and maintenance, as well as real-time and safety assurance, rendering it exceedingly intricate. In recent years, some studies have been conducted on TSN configuration management, encompassing various aspects such as system design, key technologies for configuration management, protocol enhancement, and application development. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of systematic summaries of these studies. Hence, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of TSN configuration management. Drawing upon more than 70 relevant publications and the pertinent standards established by the IEEE 802.1 TSN working group, we first introduce the system architecture of TSN configuration management from a macro perspective and then explore specific technical details. Additionally, we demonstrate its application scenarios through practical cases and finally highlight the challenges and future research directions. We aspire to provide a comprehensive reference for peers and new researchers interested in TSN configuration management.

A bidirectional loss allocation method for active distributed network based on Virtual Contribution Theory

Loss Allocation is a crucial task in power transmission and distribution services, as it essential for reconciliation of generator-user settlement results. With the availability of distributed generation in recent years, power can flow in both directions along transformers and mainlines in the traditional distribution networks. This makes it difficult to calculate power losses in active distribution networks and correct transactions between generators and users. In this paper, we propose the concept of Virtual Contribution Theory and construct a virtual contribution matrix to illustrating how generators and loads use and occupy distribution networks. By combining Virtual Contribution Theory with Power Flow Tracing, a bidirectional loss allocation method based on the Virtual Contribution Theory is proposed to account for power losses in active distribution network. One key advantage of this method is that it eliminates many shortcomings of traditional loss allocation method, including cumbersome calculation processes, low solution efficiency, and limitations in bidirectional power flow calculations. This method can also fairly allocate power loss between generators and loads in the retail electricity market. We conducted tests on IEEE 33 and IEEE 69 systems to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Design and optimization of dual-motor electric tractor drive system based on driving cycles.

Aiming at the unreasonable determination of the power coupling device speed ratio and the power battery capacity in the initial design stage of the dual-motor electric tractor, a dual-motor drive system is designed, and a parameter optimization method based on driving cycles (POMBDC) is proposed. By analyzing the driving characteristics requirements and actual working conditions of the tractor, the dynamic model of the dual-motor drive system under different working modes is established, and the parameters of the dual-motor, transmission and maximum service mass are designed. On this basis, based on the driving cycles and aiming at the lowest power consumption, the POMBDC is formed, this method can collaboratively optimize the power coupling device speed ratio and the power battery capacity. In order to verify the rationality of the POMBDC, the instantaneous optimization-constant speed ratio design method (IO-CSRDM), rule-optimization speed ratio design method (R-OSRDM) and rule-constant speed ratio design method (R-CSRDM) are developed as comparison methods, and simulation experiments are carried out. Under plowing conditions, the power battery capacity of the POMBDC is 3.08%, 5.71%, and 8.73% lower than those of the IO-CSRDM, R-OSRDM, and R-CSRDM, respectively. The power consumption resulting from the POMBDC is reduced by 3.11%, 5.74%, and 8.8%, compared with those of the IO-CSRDM, R-OSRDM and R-CSRDM, respectively. Under rotary tillage conditions, the power battery capacity of the POMBDC is 6%, 8.64%, and 11.11% lower than those of the IO-CSRDM, R-OSRDM, and R-CSRDM, respectively. The power consumption resulting from the POMBDC is reduced by 6.05%, 8.66%, and 11.13%, compared with those of the IO-CSRDM, R-OSRDM and R-CSRDM, respectively. The POMBDC can effectively increase the operating mileage of pure electric tractors and reduce costs.

Multi-UAV Collaborative Sensing and Communication: Joint Task Allocation and Power Optimization

Compared to a single UAV with limited sensing coverage and communication capability, multi-UAV cooperation is able to provide more effective sensing and transmission (S&T) services. Nevertheless, most existing works on multi-UAV sensing mainly focus on mutually exclusive task allocation and independent data transmission, which did not fully exploit the benefit of multi-UAV sensing and communication. Motivated by this, we propose a novel multi-UAV cooperative S&T scheme with replicated sensing task allocation. Although replicated task allocation may sound counter-intuitive, it can actually foster cooperative transmission among multiple UAVs and thus reduce the overall sensing mission completion time. To obtain the optimal task allocation and transmit power of the proposed scheme, a mission completion time minimization problem is formulated. To solve this problem, a necessary condition for replicated sensing task allocation is derived. For the cases of replicated sensing, the considered problem is transformed into a monotonic optimization and is solved by the generic Polyblock algorithm. To efficiently evaluate the mission completion time in each iteration of the Polyblock algorithm, new auxiliary variables are introduced to decouple the otherwise sophisticated joint optimization of transmission time and power. While for the degenerated case of non-replicated sensing, the closed-form expression of the optimal transmission time is derived

Terahertz Meets AI: The State of the Art.

Terahertz (THz) is a promising technology for future wireless communication networks, particularly for 6G and beyond. The ultra-wide THz band, ranging from 0.1 to 10 THz, can potentially address the limited capacity and scarcity of spectrum in current wireless systems such as 4G-LTE and 5G. Furthermore, it is expected to support advanced wireless applications requiring high data transmission and quality services, i.e., terabit-per-second backhaul systems, ultra-high-definition streaming, virtual/augmented reality, and high-bandwidth wireless communications. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been used mainly for resource management, spectrum allocation, modulation and bandwidth classification, interference mitigation, beamforming, and medium access control layer protocols to improve THz performance. This survey paper examines the use of AI in state-of-the-art THz communications, discussing the challenges, potentials, and shortcomings. Additionally, this survey discusses the available platforms, including commercial, testbeds, and publicly available simulators for THz communications. Finally, this survey provides future strategies for improving the existing THz simulators and using AI methods, including deep learning, federated learning, and reinforcement learning, to improve THz communications.

Hybrid Cooperative Cache Based on Temporal Convolutional Networks in Vehicular Edge Network

With the continuous development of intelligent vehicles, people’s demand for services has also rapidly increased, leading to a sharp increase in wireless network traffic. Edge caching, due to its location advantage, can provide more efficient transmission services and become an effective method to solve the above problems. However, the current mainstream caching solutions only consider content popularity to formulate caching strategies, which can easily lead to cache redundancy between edge nodes and lead to low caching efficiency. To solve these problems, we propose a hybrid content value collaborative caching strategy based on temporal convolutional network (called THCS), which achieves mutual collaboration between different edge nodes under limited cache resources, thereby optimizing cache content and reducing content delivery latency. Specifically, the strategy first obtains accurate content popularity through temporal convolutional network (TCN), then comprehensively considers various factors to measure the hybrid content value (HCV) of cached content, and finally uses a dynamic programming algorithm to maximize the overall HCV and make optimal cache decisions. We have obtained the following conclusion through simulation experiments: compared with the benchmark scheme, THCS has improved the cache hit rate by 12.3% and reduced the content transmission delay by 16.7%.

Research on IPO Listing Inquiries of Information Transmission, Software and Information Technology Services Industry

IPO inquiries are one of the key topics of research today. Scholars have identified many issues, but there is still a gap in the research on the correlation between IPO inquiry rounds and performance. Therefore, the research topic of this paper is a study of IPO inquiries in the information transmission, software and information technology services industry. The research methodology of this paper is as follows: firstly, we collect the questions and results of IPO inquiries, screen the data, and then calculate the volatility and the underpricing of each round of IPO inquiries by comparing the data. Finally, the total number of questions asked by IPO companies was counted in order to identify high-frequency key questions. The study finds that IPO inquiries have a significant impact on the timing of IPO, the underpricing and volatility of companies. The study suggests that the enterprises being questioned should do a good job in related areas and improve the quality of information disclosure to reduce the negative impact of IPO inquiries. Regulators should improve the monitoring of information disclosure quality of listed companies to protect investors' rights and interests and enhance the governance role of IPO inquiries in capital market resource allocation. Investors should always pay attention to the process and results of IPO inquiries of the companies they care about, and understand the financial status and management system of the companies through IPO inquiries, so as to facilitate their own investment and protect their own rights and interests.

The Impact of ICT Capital Services on Economic Growth and Energy Efficiency in China

This study aims to investigate the impact of ICT capital services on economic growth and energy efficiency in China at both national and industrial levels during the period 2000–2020. To achieve this aim, this study introduces a measurement method for capital services, explores ICT’s contributions to economic growth, and analyzes the impact of ICT on energy efficiency. The empirical results of this study indicate that although the ICT capital services scale is relatively small, accounting for only 8.87% of the total in 2020, its growth rate is faster than that of non-ICT capital services, and the distribution of ICT capital services varies widely among different industries. Additionally, based on the economic growth decomposition framework, this study finds that the contribution of ICT capital services to economic growth is 6.95% on average. It is significantly higher in certain industries, such as Financial industry; Information transmission, software and information technology services; Construction; and Manufacturing compared to others. The total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) reveals that industries with higher energy consumption have lower energy efficiency, while the panel regression model illustrates that the development of ICT has a positive impact on improving energy efficiency, with variability across industries. Overall, the findings of this study provide crucial scientific evidence and policy implications for promoting the development of ICT and integrating it with various industries, which can significantly contribute to boosting economic growth and energy efficiency.

Multi-panel extra-large scale MIMO based joint activity detection and channel estimation for near-field massive IoT access

The extra-large scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) for the beyond fifth/sixth generation mobile communications is a promising technology to provide Tbps data transmission and stable access service. However, the extremely large antenna array aperture arouses the channel near-field effect, resulting in the deteriorated data rate and other challenges in the practice communication systems. Meanwhile, multi-panel MIMO technology has attracted extensive attention due to its flexible configuration, low hardware cost, and wider coverage. By combining the XL-MIMO and multi-panel array structure, we construct multi-panel XL-MIMO and apply it to massive Internet of Things (IoT) access. First, we model the multi-panel XL-MIMO-based near-field channels for massive IoT access scenarios, where the electromagnetic waves corresponding to different panels have different angles of arrival/departure (AoAs/AoDs). Then, by exploiting the sparsity of the near-field massive IoT access channels, we formulate a compressed sensing based joint active user detection (AUD) and channel estimation (CE) problem which is solved by AMP-EM-MMV algorithm. The simulation results exhibit the superiority of the AMP-EM-MMV based joint AUD and CE scheme over the baseline algorithms.

The effect of the Xpert HIV-1 Qual test on early infant diagnosis of HIV in Myanmar and Papua New Guinea: a pragmatic, cluster-randomised, stepped-wedge, open-label trial.

Despite proven benefits for child health, coverage of early infant diagnosis of HIV remains suboptimal in many settings. We aimed to assess the effect of a point-of-care early infant diagnosis test on time-to-results communication for infants vertically exposed to HIV. This pragmatic, cluster-randomised, stepped-wedge, open-label trial assessed the effect of the Xpert HIV-1 Qual early infant diagnosis test (Cepheid) on time-to-results communication, compared with standard care laboratory-based testing of dried blood spots using PCR. Hospitals were the unit of randomisation for one-way crossover from control to intervention phase. Each site had between 1 month and 10 months of control phase before transitioning to the intervention, with a total of 33 hospital-months in the control phase and 45 hospital-months in the intervention phase. We enrolled infants vertically exposed to HIV at six public hospitals: four in Myanmar and two in Papua New Guinea. Infants had to have mothers with confirmed HIV infection, be younger than 28 days, and required HIV testing to be eligible for enrolment. Health-care facilities providing prevention of vertical transmission services were eligible for participation. The primary outcome was communication of early infant diagnosis results to the infant's caregiver by 3 months of age, assessed by intention to treat. This completed trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, 12616000734460. In Myanmar, recruitment took place between Oct 1, 2016, and June 30, 2018; in Papua New Guinea, recruitment was between Dec 1, 2016, and Aug 31, 2018. A total of 393 caregiver-infant pairs were enrolled in the study across both countries. Independent of study time, the Xpert test reduced time to early infant diagnosis results communication by 60%, compared with the standard of care (adjusted time ratio 0·40, 95% CI 0·29-0·53, p<0·0001). In the control phase, two (2%) of 102 study participants received an early infant diagnosis test result by 3 months of age compared with 214 (74%) of 291 in the intervention phase. No safety and adverse events were reported related to the diagnostic testing intervention. This study reinforces the importance of scaling up point-of-care early infant diagnosis testing in resource-constrained and low HIV-prevalence settings, typical of the UNICEF East Asia and Pacific region. National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.

Optimization Strategy of Information Transmission Service in University Library Based on Information Fusion Technology

In recent years, the entry into the digital environment has made the requirements for information transmission services in university libraries more stringent. The widespread application of digital technology has changed the past collection methods of university libraries, leading to significant changes in the way information is transmitted and users read. At the same time, the essence of universities is knowledge production, and the way users read has fundamentally changed the traditional way of information dissemination. Colleges and universities in China are knowledge producing areas, and library information delivery services have various resource advantages. This article explores the optimization of information delivery services strategically.

Recognition Of Chicken Species Through Sound Using Weierstrass Transform

Voice recognition is an applied technique in the field of digital signal processing that has been widely used, such as technology in the field of telecommunications which is now able to provide data transmission services not only text but can also serve data transmission using voice. Speech recognition studies to date have only focused on human speech recognition, so it is important to develop research on speech recognition in animals. In this research a speech recognition system will be developed for balenggek, pelung and bekisar ornamental chickens using the Delphi 7 programming language and the weiertrass transform method. The performance evaluation measurement of the speech recognition system in this study uses two parameters, namely the detection rate and the false positive rate. The results showed that the speech recognition system for ornamental chickens using the weierstrass transform method had an average detection rate of 83.00% and an average false positive rate of 16%.

METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF COMPUTER NETWORK OF INFORMATION SYSTEM OF CRITICAL APPLICATION

Topicality. Our time is characterized by rapid growth in the number and quality of various computer systems. An increasing number of users, both in their daily and professional activities, need data transmission and Internet access services in addition to traditional communication services. The network infrastructure created as a result of convergence should provide the needs of preferably all service users. But in order to ensure the necessary quality of service, it is necessary not only to have information about the state of the telecommunications network, but also to be able to forecast it. This fact requires improving the analysis of quality indicators characterizing the state of the telecommunications network. The purpose of this work is to develop a method of analyzing quality indicators of a computer network of a critical application information system. The object of the research is the process of functioning of the computer network of the information system of critical application. The subject of the study is the methods of analyzing the quality indicators of the computer network of the information system. The results. In this work, an analysis of the main indicators of the quality of the telecommunications network, which are basic in the provision of services. Based on the received information, 6 states of the telecommunication network were formalized and classified, in which it is possible to provide non-essential quality of service for various types of traffic. The developed method of analyzing the quality indicators of the computer network of the information system of critical application is planned to be used in the future to ensure the quality and reliability of the functioning of computer systems of critical application.

WSN Network Node Malicious Intrusion Detection Method Based on Reputation Score

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is the Internet of Things by a large number of sensors in the external physical environment to obtain data information, and use wireless communication technology to provide users with information transmission services. At this stage, communication and security mechanisms are the main problems faced by WSN. This is because most of the existing sensors are powered by batteries with very limited energy, and most of them are deployed in an outdoor open environment, which is easy to be captured as a malicious node. Network attacks. However, the existing malicious node detection methods have shortcomings such as low efficiency, high energy consumption, and insufficient performance. Therefore, this paper proposes a WSN malicious node intrusion detection method based on genetic algorithm optimization of LEACH hierarchical routing protocol. Based on the optimization of the LEACH protocol by genetic algorithm, the method integrates the reputation evaluation mechanism, and screens and eliminates malicious nodes by calculating direct reputation, indirect reputation and comprehensive reputation, thereby ensuring the safe operation of WSN. The simulation results show that this method can effectively resist the attack of malicious nodes on WSN, and has obvious advantages over other methods.

Quality of option B + prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in public hospitals of Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia, mixed approach

BackgroundPrevention of mother-to-child transmission service is a comprehensive package of services planned to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. It is very crucial to determine the level of quality of PMTCT services in this study area since other studies in our country omitted several variables in each category of the Donobedian model. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of quality of option B + PMTCT of HIV services.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study design with both quantitative and qualitative data collection method was employed. Donabedian’s model was used to assess the level of quality of PMTCT service. A total of 422 pregnant women were used to assess the level of satisfaction of clients. An inventory of resources and direct observation was done to assess the quality of the input and output component of the Donobedian model respectively. In addition to satisfaction items, 12 output-related items were also used to assess quality in the output dimension. Finally, those hospitals that scored above 90% in each component of the Donovedian model were categorized as having good quality. Finally, twelve in-depth interviews were conducted to explore barriers to the quality of option B + PMTCT services. The qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method and finally, it was presented with the quantitative result through triangulation.ResultsNo hospitals simultaneously met the requirements for good quality in all three dimensions of option B + PMTCT service quality. Only one hospital out of the four hospitals met the requirements for good quality of PMTCT service in the input dimension. Regarding the process and output dimension's quality of PMTCT services, two of the hospitals met the criteria for good quality. One hospital out of the total exhibited poor performance in all three dimensions of service quality for option B + PMTCT services.ConclusionAccording to this study no hospitals simultaneously met the requirements for good quality in all three dimensions of option B + PMTCT service quality. PMTCT unit performance must be continuously monitored, reviewed, and supervised. To obtain the minimum required resources primary hospitals must be supported.