Transmission Of Traditional Knowledge Research Articles

Celebration of Nature and Culture through Gaura Parba: An Interdisciplinary Study of Environmental Stewardship and Cultural Sustainability

Gaura Parba, also known as Gaura Purnima or Gaura Tritiya, is an ancient Hindu festival celebrated predominantly in Uttar Pradesh, India, and in the Far Western Region of Nepal, represents a unique amalgamation of nature, culture, and spirituality. This festival, dedicated to the worship of Goddess Gauri (an incarnation of Goddess Parvati), holds immense cultural and spiritual significance for the communities that observe it. However, beyond its religious connotations, Gaura Parba embodies a profound reverence for nature and serves as a conduit for the valorization of both natural and cultural heritage. This research explores Gaura Parba's significance in valorizing natural and cultural heritage within these communities. Employing an interdisciplinary approach encompassing various theoretical insights from cultural studies, anthropology, and environmental science, this study elucidates how Gaura Parba fosters a deep connection with nature and preserves cultural traditions. By examining the festival's rituals, beliefs, and environmental practices, the research explores the complex interplay between nature, culture, and spirituality within the context of Gaura Parba. The findings underscore Gaura Parba's contributions to ecological conservation, social cohesion, and the transmission of traditional knowledge, while also addressing contemporary challenges and opportunities for revitalizing the festival in the face of modernization and environmental change. This study provides valuable insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners aiming to enhance cultural resilience and sustainable development.

Guardians of the forest: the traditional knowledge associated to sociobiodiversity productsin the Middle Juruá territory,Carauari, Amazonas, Brazil

The sustainable use of resources and the traditional knowledge of human populations in sustainable use UCs characterize these spaces as places of refuge for sociocultural expressions, ways of life, territorial protection, and maintenance of knowledge. The present study aimed to reveal traditional knowledge regarding flora and fauna species by riverside communities in the Amazon basin. To this end, it investigated how residents of two communities in the Middle Juruá territory identified and used local species. The analysis of similarities enabled the creation of a flowchart illustrating the process of traditional knowledge consolidation based on the application of semi-structured forms, open interviews and bibliographic review. Ninety-five species and 112 uses were identified and categorized, the most frequent uses being associated with healthcare (68%), cosmetics (10%), and food (9%). Cluster formation was observed among members of the same community, suggesting that traditional knowledge transmission is consistent with living closer together. Therefore, we understand that the region has great potential for products and uses of socio-biodiversity, and traditional populations are responsible for protecting territorial and natural resources through sustainable management, using their traditional knowledge. However, the erosion of this knowledge in regions with intense trade with companies that use these raw materials for products highlights the need to guarantee the rights of these populations, especially in relation to the sharing of benefits from products derived from associated traditional knowledge and heritage genetic (Brasil, 2015).

Foraging for the future: traditional culinary uses of wild plants in the Western Himalayas–Kashmir Valley (India)

BackgroundIn the intricate tapestry of food security, wild food species stand as pillars, nourishing millions in low-income communities, and reflecting the resilience and adaptability of human societies. Their significance extends beyond mere sustenance, intertwining with cultural traditions and local knowledge systems, underscoring the importance of preserving biodiversity and traditional practices for sustainable livelihoods.MethodsThe present study, conducted between February 2022 and August 2023 along the Line of Control in India’s Kashmir Valley, employed a rigorous data collection encompassing semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and specific field observations facilitated through a snowball sampling technique.Results and discussionThe comprehensive inventory includes 108 edible plant and fungal species from 48 taxonomic families, with Rosaceae (N = 11) standing out. Young and soft leaves (N = 60) are an important component of various culinary preparations, with vegetables (N = 65) being the main use, followed by fruits (N = 19). This use is seasonal, with collection peaks in March–April and June–August (N = 12). The study also highlights the importance of use value (UV), with Portulaca oleracea standing out as the plant taxon (UV = 0.61), while Asyneuma thomsoni has the lowest use value (UV = 0.15). Many species such as Senecio chrysanthemoides, Asperugo procumbens, Asyneuma thomsoni, and Potentilla nepalensis were classified as new for gastronomic use. Furthermore, the study underlines the great cultural importance of mushrooms such as Morchella esculenta and Geopora arenicola in influencing social hierarchies within the community. However, the transmission of traditional knowledge across generations is declining in the region. At the same time, the conservation of endangered plant species on the IUCN Red List, such as Trillium govanianum, Taxus wallichiana, Saussurea costus, and Podophyllum hexandrum, requires immediate attention.ConclusionConservation measures should be prioritized, and proactive remedial action is needed. Further research into the nutritional value of these edible species could pave the way for their commercial cultivation, which would mean potential economic growth for local communities, make an important contribution to food security in the area under study, and contribute to scientific progress.

Assessment Methodology for Physical Vulnerability of Vernacular Architecture in Areas Affected by Depopulation: The Case of Comunidad Valenciana, Spain

The intensity with which the phenomenon of depopulation has affected rural municipalities in Spain between 1950 and 2022 has led to a loss in the intergenerational transmission of traditional knowledge, values and customs. Sociocultural loss entails associated physical risks: the abandonment, demolition, and loss of vernacular architecture. This research analyzes the evolution of this type of architecture in a period of acute depopulation and its current state of conservation. A total of 180 case studies in the region of Comunidad Valenciana are analyzed through four factors affecting the physical vulnerability of dwellings: year of construction, state of conservation, type of use, and a combination of all three. Data management software is used to combine all the information and produce the results in a tabular and graphical format, while the Geographic Information System is used to draw up risk maps showing the results. These results are then divided into analysis groups created according to the degree of depopulation observed in the years mentioned. This made it possible to identify the relationship between depopulation and the conservation of vernacular architecture, showing the risk level for each case study, and thus creating an analysis methodology applicable in other territories affected by depopulation at a national and international level.

“ROMKMÃDKÂ WAIHKU KMÃDKÂ PRÊ”: PRESERVING KNOWLEDGE THE UNIVERSITY OF MATURITY (UMA) HOLDS A DEGREE CEREMONY FOR THE FIRST INDIGENOUS CLASS OF AKWẼ-XERENTE POLO

This article highlights a significant milestone achieved by the Universidade da Maturidade (UMA), an extension program of the Federal University of Tocantins/UFT, in partnership with the Tocantins Scientific and Technological Support Foundation (Fapto) and the Municipal Public Power. The event in question was the graduation of the first indigenous class in Brazil, which took place on December 21, 2023, in the municipality of Tocantínia, central region of the state of Tocantins. The graduation ceremony took place at the Xerente Warã Indigenous High School Center and was attended by 28 students/elders. The article's methodology was based on a literature review, using specific materials to achieve the objective of publicizing this unprecedented event. The results highlighted that UMA for indigenous elders has several facets, contributing to the well-being and development of communities through the preservation and transmission of traditional knowledge, strengthening cultural identity, improving quality of life, promoting intergenerationality, empowerment and social participation, in addition to encouraging continuous learning. The execution of the program addressed significant issues for the Universidade da Maturidade (UMA) and indigenous communities, especially with regard to improving the quality of life of elders. The article suggests that this initiative represents a form of dissemination for those interested in healthy aging, indicating possible areas for future research in this field.

Uneven transmission of traditional knowledge and skills in a changing wildmeat system: Yangambi, Democratic Republic of Congo

IntroductionIndigenous communities typically hold diverse traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of their social-ecological system. Much of this knowledge is embodied as skills related to subsistence practices within a specific landscape and is associated with community values and norms. Ways of knowing often reflect the different activities traditionally undertaken by men and women. The incursion of external forces, including urbanization, the cash economy and migration tends to diminish transmission of traditional embodied skills. Knowledge can be lost as culturally significant environments degrade or species become extirpated. Lack of opportunity to develop traditional knowledge and skills can diminish feelings of place and identity, and thus capacity for local environmental stewardship.MethodsThe Yangambi region, Democratic Republic of Congo is a hunting territory of the Turumbu ethnic group. We used questionnaires to explore how levels of wildmeat knowledge and skill may have changed over time among the Turumbu.ResultsThe responses showed lower levels of self-reported skill among women who started to participate in the last 10-15 years. This pattern partly reflects the period of ‘apprenticeship’ but may also suggest diminished learning opportunity in recent years. Skills in cooking, smoking, and selling wildmeat persisted at a higher level than skills in curing disease and gathering wild produce. There was a much more marked pattern for men, with diminishing levels of wildmeat skill reported for around 35-40 years, and even earlier for knowledge of traditional medicine and wildmeat taboos. Questions about mentoring suggested that women have maintained knowledge pathways between mother and daughter, while men showed a shift toward increased learning from uncles.DiscussionGender differences in sharing and learning TEK may be linked to the type of skills that remain valuable in a changing social, ecological, and economic context. Men traditionally undertake the capture elements of hunting, while women deal with wildmeat processing, marketing, and cooking. The Yangambi wildmeat system has evolved from subsistence to a strongly market-driven economy during the lifetime of our study participants. This shift may partly explain why market-based kills such as food smoking and selling have endured longer than hunter’s nature-based knowledge.

The indigenous art of orchid noken making by the Mee Tribe in the highland of Central Mountains, Indonesian Papua

Abstract. Runtuboi YY, Padang DA, Peday MH, Arobaya AYS, Ungirwalu A, Auri A, Dimara PA, Susanti CME, Panambe N, Benu NMH. 2023. The indigenous art of orchid noken making by the Mee Tribe in the highland of Central Mountains, Indonesian Papua. Biodiversitas 24: 3881-3890. The eastern Indonesian Papua boasts remarkable biodiversity and valuable natural resources. Despite this, there has been a lack of scientific investigation into the sustainable utilization of these resources by the diverse ethnic groups residing in Papua. This paper discusses the traditional practice of the men of the Mee Tribe, who specialize in crafting a traditional bag called orchid noken. The study aims to document and preserve the local knowledge and expertise of the Mee Tribe regarding the use of plants in their craftwork. The field study was conducted in August 2014 in the village of Bomomani, located in the Dogiyai District of Papua Province. Qualitative methods, such as interviews and participatory observation, were employed to collect data from 18 key informants selected for their knowledge of the Mee Tribe's traditional practices of orchid noken making. The study uncovered that the Mee Tribe relies on nine species of wild plants, including orchids, ferns, and rattans, as the primary raw materials for crafting noken. Specific parts of these plants are carefully selected and incorporated into the crafting process, employing different processing techniques to achieve the desired colors and textures in the final product. The findings highlight the immense significance of the orchid noken in the daily lives of the Mee Tribe. This study demonstrates that noken is a product closely associated with the local knowledge and culture of the Mee Tribe. Additionally, by documenting and understanding the Mee Tribe's traditional practices, the research contributes to the conservation of plant diversity and the preservation of Papuan cultural heritage. This study ensures the continued transmission of traditional knowledge and practices to future generations, safeguarding the invaluable cultural heritage of Papuans.

My Grandma Said, "Bring Her to Me"

This article describes the health-care access experiences of Indigenous members of a Gulf Coast, non-federally recognized tribe. Research exploring the experiences of non-federally recognized tribes is needed, as these tribes lack resources available to federally recognized tribes. Using a qualitative description research approach and through partnership with a community advisory board, thirty-one semi-structured life-course interviews were conducted with women tribal members. A qualitative descriptive analytic approach revealed the following key themes: First Health-Care Experiences; Going to Family Members for Health Care; Going to Indigenous Healers for Health Care and; Generational Changes in the Transmission of Traditional Knowledge. Our findings highlight the role that family members and Indigenous healers play in addressing health-care gaps and needs for tribal members. In addition, results suggest that Indigenous healers are respected, valued members of the community, and there is concern that healing knowledge is not being passed down to future generations. This research addresses a gap in the need for holistic understandings of Indigenous women’s reproductive and sexual health care, which is required for the development of interventions which not only address social justice issues and weaknesses in the health-care system, but that also promote the existing strengths and resources in Indigenous communities.

Ethno-zootechnics from the perspective of dairy farmers in the brazilian cerrado

Considering the valuable environmental and cultural heritage existing in the world in the context of agribusiness, it is possible to highlight the role of ethno-zootechnics as an important new tool for understanding these values, the rescue and generational transmission of livestock knowledge are relevant. Given this, the objective was to understand the perception of milk producers from the Ethno-zootechnical perspective. Through a semi-structured script, questionnaires were carried out with 41 interviewees and representatives of dairy farms to register the relevance of basic cultural knowledge associating them with social, economic and social environmental development. Cluster analysis was carried out using the hierarchical method. It was concluded that part of the dairy farmers located in the Northwest region of Minas Gerais state, the man/animal relationship is important, with traits of affection and utility. The transmission of traditional knowledge of the dairy activity is important, and that they believe that scientific and traditional knowledge can be beneficial in rural activity.

Traditional knowledge and use of wild mushrooms with biocultural importance in the Mazatec culture in Oaxaca, Mexico, cradle of the ethnomycology

Aim of study: To document for the first-time the biocultural knowledge related to the use, nomenclature, and classification of wild mushrooms by the Mazatec culture, cradle of the ethnomycology. Area of study: Municipality of Eloxochitlán de Flores Magón and communities of San José Buena Vista and Agua Ancha, belonging to the state of Oaxaca, in southern Mexico. Materials and methods: A total of 291 interviews were performed by using numerical ethnomycological methods, during the rainy seasons, between 2017 and 2021. Based on the knowledge of local experts, fungal specimens with biocultural relevance were collected. Socio-demographic information, knowledge of wild mushrooms and their usages, local nomenclature, culinary uses, and transmission of traditional knowledge were documented. Main results: Paradoxically, this is the first ethnomycological study that addresses a complete study of fungi with biocultural importance in the ethnic group where ethnomycology emerged as a discipline. Previous studies related to mushrooms with Mazatec people focused exclusively on entheogenic mushrooms leaving aside paramount issues related to traditional mycological knowledge of the fungal local resources, including their edibility and cultural relevance. All interviewees consumed mushrooms, indicating high levels of mycophilia. Twenty-seven species, all of them having a native Mazatec name, were identified. Species of Pleurotus, Auricularia, Cantharellus, and Schizophyllum spp. showed the highest cultural value indexes. Research highlights: Ethnomycological knowledge of Mazatec culture is prolific and related to local natural resources cosmovision, beliefs and traditions. Mycological knowledge is currently preserved among Mazatec people and it is still transmitted to new generations despite strong transculturation processes.

Children's interaction with ecosystem services in a mangrove forest: Perceptions of fisherfolks on the involvement of minors in fishing activities in the Gulf of Fonseca in Honduras

This study examines the participation of minors in fishing activities in the communities settled in the mangroves of the Gulf of Fonseca, in Honduras. With a survey of 88 fishermen from San Lorenzo (in the province of Valle), we describe the perception of adults regarding the involvement of minors in fishing and we examine the threats to the mangrove ecosystem on the Pacific coast. To complete the case study, 11 qualitative interviews and 2 focus groups with key informants were conducted. The results revealed that children start to perform pre-work activities around the age of 11 or 12. The contact with nature in complementary shellfish harvesting and fishing activity is perceived as contributing to the improvement of their understanding of nature in general and about the ecosystem services of the mangrove in particular. This assessment of child labour practices when minors collaborate in family subsistence activities, highlights the need to ensure local traditional knowledge transmission that should be integrated as part of formal education, which may help reinforce the fishing community future implication in conservation bottom-up initiatives at the same time that prevent child labour malpractices.

The role of Acehnese women in enhancing community preparedness through the inter-generational transmission of local and indigenous knowledge

Intergenerational transmission of traditional knowledge plays an important role. The involvement of women shows a significant impact on building family and community preparedness. However, limited attention paid to the unique contributions of Acehnese women has identified an erosion of traditional knowledge systems in the local context. This study explores the role and involvement of Acehnese women in the intergenerational transmission of knowledge about disaster preparedness based on local wisdom. A qualitative study in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar involving interviews with key informants namely where they live, victims or non-victims of the 2004 Aceh tsunami, and career women or housewives. Acehnese ethnic women living in coastal areas were sampled randomly and purposively. Ten agreed to participate and were interviewed. The face-to-face interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using an analytical framework. The interviews revealed that the role and involvement of women in the transmission of local knowledge and practices was hampered by cultural and political factors which caused the erosion of this knowledge.

Heritage-making: Written Texts in the Transmission of Traditional Knowledge of Natural Dyeing

Natural dyeing is an element of intangible cultural heritage which is gaining new relevance today. Heritage-making as a set of purposeful activities has become an object of interest for researchers relatively recently, and this study is reflective of that. The paper aims to focus on natural dyeing as a component of cultural heritage, its documentation process, and how written texts have influenced the living tradition of natural dyeing. One of the sources for the study was ethnographic material, which provides insight into the little researched tradition of natural dyeing. To understand how the tradition was described and explained, Latvian press publications on natural dyeing were evaluated by applying qualitative and quantitative research methods. In order to study the situation today, a survey was conducted in 2016 and 2017 among dyeing workshop participants in different parts of Latvia. The results of the study indicate that the use of written sources plays an important role in practicing natural dyeing. With various activities organized by professional and amateur ethnographers, artists, handicraft teachers, etc., as well as its coverage in the press, natural dyeing has preserved its relevance. Written texts have documented the activities in the field of natural dyeing and encouraged further development of the tradition. Moreover, various sources have been used to preserve and develop dyeing skills, through both direct observation/oral tradition and written/visual materials. In addition, one’s personal experience as a significant part of the construction of identity was relevant in the past and still is today.

“We have to learn how to balance all of that”: Community health needs of a state-recognized Gulf Coast Indigenous tribe

ABSTRACT The community and health programmatic needs of state-recognized tribes vary in comparison to tribes who are federally recognized. Federal recognition provides tribes with access to federal programs through Indian Health Services (IHS) and ensures a certain level of sovereignty. Little research explores the gaps in community programs experienced by state-recognized tribes as a result of their non-federal status or explores their resilience as a community in filling these gaps through other supports. Through collaboration with a community advisory board (CAB), a qualitative descriptive methodology was used to conduct 31 semi-structured interviews with adult women that self-identify as members of a state-recognized Gulf Coast Indigenous tribe. Using conventional content analysis, the following themes were identified: (a) Wellness Programs and the Power of Connection (b) Transmission of Traditional Knowledge (c) The Need for Women’s Support Groups; (d) Gaps in Programs; and (e) Barriers to Participating in Community and Tribal Programs. These results demonstrate the immense importance of community events as opportunities for transmission of cultural knowledge for tribal members, an integral aspect of securing tribal holistic wellbeing. Although social support and enculturation activities contribute to Indigenous groups’ overall health, this topic has been less studied for state-recognized tribes, particularly for those in the Gulf Coast tribe. Key implications of this study include the need for federal recognition and increased access to programmatic resources and highlights the importance of increased support and sovereignty for state-recognized tribes.

Non-edible plants traded in traditional markets of Beringharjo, Yogyakarta and Pasar Baru, East Kalimantan, Indonesia: The role of biocultural system

Abstract. Iskandar BS, Iskandar J, Suroso, Alfian RL, Mulyanto D. 2022. Non-edible plants traded in traditional markets of Beringharjo, Yogyakarta and Pasar Baru, East Kalimantan, Indonesia: The role of biocultural system. Biodiversitas 23: 4657-4669. The trade of various non-edible plants in some traditional Indonesian markets has a close relationship with the biological and cultural diversity, as well as local knowledge of the community. Therefore, this study aims to examine the non-edible plant diversity used to make products sold in traditional markets, their various functions and parts, as well as the market chain. The study was conducted in Beringharjo, Yogyakarta, and Pasar Baru, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan to resemble regions with different cultural backgrounds. Data collection used the qualitative method with an ethnobotanical approach. The results showed that 25 species belonging to 16 families of non-edible plants were traded in the traditional markets of Beringharjo and Pasar Baru. The various parts being traded in both markets had numerous functions, including pilgrimage ceremonies at the cemetery, handicraft/decoration, and betel chewing. The market chain begins with farmers from villages, middlemen, traders in the traditional market, and then finally to consumers. The diversity of non-edible plants traded was determined by the biophysical and cultural aspects of the local community where the market is located. Therefore, traditional markets play an important role as hallmarks of a particular social culture by reproducing on a small scale the cultural and biological diversity. They are also essential in the acquisition and transmission of traditional knowledge of biodiversity.

Symbolism, Use, and Knowledge of Birds in Tibetan Communities of China

Abstract Birds are valued in the traditional cultures of Tibetan areas of China for symbolism, spirituality, and medicine. A total of 329 informants from six Tibetan communities were interviewed through ethnobiological survey methods. Results highlight that Tibetan informants value a diversity of birds for multiple symbolic purposes including spirituality, a good harvest, happiness, fortune, beauty, glory, and omens. Over 20 avian species including eagles, crows, pheasants, and red-breasted parakeets were perceived as totems, taboos, and holy birds. Findings revealed that three vulture species (Gyps himalayensis, Gyps fulvus, and Gypaetus barbatus) are the most important avian species because of their sacred roles in celestial burial. A total of 27 bird species were recorded as being used as traditional medicine. The high valuation of birds in Tibetan culture has likely contributed to the transmission of traditional knowledge regarding birds as well as to the conservation of bird biodiversity in the study area.

Salafi Sufism?

The aim of this article is to analyse a local expression of the transnational Ahbash Sufi movement in light of recent scholarship on the relationship between Salafism and Sufism as well as Islamic neo-traditionalism. Some researchers have reacted against a dichotomous relationship between fundamentalism and Sufism, instead suggesting a continuum and a mutual interdependence. We aim to contribute to a developed understanding of the process whereby some Sufi actors go on the attack against their Islamic foes by publicly and loudly claiming to represent ‘true Islam’ as found in the ‘fundamentals’ of Islam – but with a different understanding of what those fundamentals are. We analyse a series of interviews with a local representative of the transnational Ahbash Sufi movement in Malmö, Sweden; the Ahbash movement has its central leadership in Lebanon. Through discussing the representative’s understanding of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ bidʿa, in particular concerning the celebration of the prophet Muhammad’s birthday (mawlid al-nabi), we note a combined emphasis on authoritative textual sources – including the Qurʾan and hadith literature – and the allegedly unbroken traditional knowledge transmission which secures a correct understanding of Islam. This shows an ambiguous space of Islamic thought and practice, an arguably Salafi-affected neo-traditionalist defense of Sufism, which transgresses commonly employed dichotomies between Salafism and Sufism.

Safeguarding human-wildlife cooperation.

Human–wildlife cooperation occurs when humans and free‐living wild animals actively coordinate their behavior to achieve a mutually beneficial outcome. These interactions provide important benefits to both the human and wildlife communities involved, have wider impacts on the local ecosystem, and represent a unique intersection of human and animal cultures. The remaining active forms are human–honeyguide and human–dolphin cooperation, but these are at risk of joining several inactive forms (including human–wolf and human–orca cooperation). Human–wildlife cooperation faces a unique set of conservation challenges, as it requires multiple components—a motivated human and wildlife partner, a suitable environment, and compatible interspecies knowledge—which face threats from ecological and cultural changes. To safeguard human–wildlife cooperation, we recommend: (i) establishing ethically sound conservation strategies together with the participating human communities; (ii) conserving opportunities for human and wildlife participation; (iii) protecting suitable environments; (iv) facilitating cultural transmission of traditional knowledge; (v) accessibly archiving Indigenous and scientific knowledge; and (vi) conducting long‐term empirical studies to better understand these interactions and identify threats. Tailored safeguarding plans are therefore necessary to protect these diverse and irreplaceable interactions. Broadly, our review highlights that efforts to conserve biological and cultural diversity should carefully consider interactions between human and animal cultures.Please see AfricanHoneyguides.com/abstract‐translations for Kiswahili and Portuguese translations of the abstract.

Philosophical Essay on the Traditional Knowledge and Use of Rock Pools in the Brazilian Drylands: Memory and Identity in Temporary Ecosystems

In northeastern Brazil, the drought history has been well documented, reflecting a resilient population with a robust regional identity. Last year, in response to the need to perpetuate water access and reduce scarcity, the Brazilian government implemented a program called the Program One Million Cisterns (P1MC). Considering that the need for water resource perpetuation can impact traditional knowledge transmission between generations, this study aimed to analyze the knowledge regarding rock pools in a small village located in a semiarid region in Brazil. The interviews addressed questions about the traditional knowledge, use, and management of rock pools. The abiotic and biological water variables were collected to establish the population's knowledge status. Our results identified that the use and management of rock pools were reduced after implementing P1MC. Despite the historical relevance of these ecosystems, their use was abandoned by most of the inhabitants, except for domestic use. Therefore, the transmission of traditional knowledge regarding rock pools have decreased between generations, compromising hydric security and representing a serious socio-economic risk for a region characterized by extreme droughts.Keywords: Cyanobacteria Blooms, Drylands zones, Ethno-limnology, Rock pools, Water security Ensaio filosófico sobre o conhecimento tradicional e o uso de tanques de pedra no Semiárido Brasileiro: Memória e identidade em ecossistemas temporáriosRESUMONo nordeste do Brasil, a história da seca foi bem documentada, refletindo uma população resiliente com uma identidade regional robusta. Nos últimos anos, em resposta à necessidade de perpetuar o acesso à água e reduzir a escassez, o governo brasileiro implementou um programa denominado Programa Um Milhão de Cisternas (P1MC). Considerando que a necessidade de perpetuação dos recursos hídricos pode impactar na transmissão do conhecimento tradicional entre gerações, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o conhecimento sobre os tanques de pedra em uma pequena aldeia localizada em uma região semiárida do Brasil. As entrevistas abordaram questões sobre o conhecimento tradicional, uso e gestão dos tanques de pedra. As variáveis abióticas e biológicas da água foram coletadas para estabelecer o estado de conhecimento da população. Nossos resultados identificaram que o uso e gerenciamento de piscinas naturais foram reduzidos após a implementação do P1MC. Apesar da relevância histórica desses ecossistemas, seu uso foi abandonado pela maioria dos habitantes, exceto para uso doméstico. Portanto, a transmissão do conhecimento tradicional sobre os tanques tem diminuído entre as gerações, comprometendo a segurança hídrica e representando um sério risco socioeconômico para uma região caracterizada por secas extremas.Palavras-chave: Florações de cianobactérias, Semiárido, Etnolimnologia, Tanques de pedra, Segurança hídrica

TEKS UBAT BEDIL: PENGETAHUAN TEKSTUAL TENTANG UBAT BEDIL MELAYU

The knowledge of firearms is one of the genres found in Malay manuscripts. However, gunpowder texts documented in such manuscripts have been largely elusive. This article aims to bridge the widening knowledge gap by presenting several textual evidence on the Malay tradition of using gunpowder. Using the philological research method, this article presents the transliteration of two texts found. Additionally, this paper intends to discuss content related to instructive and quantitative discourses. Therefore, this study is expected to provide a clearer picture of the textual dynamics of gunpowder knowledge to highlight the importance of the texts. Subsequently a discussion on the aforementioned manuscripts where specific gunpowder mixtures were explicitly stated will be considered as a concerted effort to enhance the understanding of Malay gun technology and facilitate in-depth discussions on various aspects of the traditional texts associated with the transmission of traditional knowledge, particularly in the form of quantitative or numerical descriptions. Keywords: Malay manuscripts, gunpowder text, traditional knowledge, textual dynamics, instructive and quantitative texts.