Transmission Of COVID-19 Virus Research Articles

What exacerbates and what eases Chinese rural residents’ depression during the COVID-19?

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a growing prevalence of mental disorders, particularly in China, where anti-epidemic measures have been more stringent compared to other countries. This has resulted in a heightened psychological burden on individuals. However, the actual psychological impacts of COVID-19 on Chinese residents have not been clearly established. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of various factors, including personal and household characteristics, social networks, and epidemic-related variables (such as rural residents' knowledge of COVID-19 virus transmission and prevention), on rural residents' depression. Using a two-year balanced panel dataset encompassing 152 villages and 676 samples in both 2019 and 2020, we employed the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model to estimate the influence of these factors and compare their coefficients to examine the changes in rural residents' depression between the pre-epidemic and during-epidemic periods. Our study highlights significant factors contributing to rural residents' depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, including isolation (2.063, p < 0.01) and concern about COVID-19 infection (0.128, p < 0.05). Conversely, factors such as health status (−0.714, p < 0.01) and the number of friends (−0.017, p < 0.01) were found to significantly alleviate depression among rural residents. Moreover, we identify key moderators that mitigate the negative impact of infection concerns on mental health. Specifically, the health status of rural residents (−0.166, p < 0.01), the size of their family network (−0.036, p < 0.05), and their knowledge of COVID-19 transmission and prevention (−0.184, p < 0.05) significantly moderated the relationship between infection concerns and depression. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the psychological implications of the pandemic and provide valuable insights for the development of targeted interventions to address mental health challenges in rural populations.

Design of Hybrid Learning in Classroom Using Web Camera and Website

The Covid pandemic that hit the world including Indonesia caused changes in lifestyle and ways of working and studying to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 virus. This is certainly a challenge for education in the era of the pandemic on how the learning process can be proceeded so the knowledge is conveyed. Hybrid learning is a combination of some learning methods; online method (outside classroom) with face-to-face meeting method for several hours (inside classroom). Therefore, hybrid learning is suitable to be carried out during this pandemic. Hybrid learning is built in a class that is built based on Internet and uses web camera technology that can be done anywhere with the Internet by students and lecturers. This class provides hybrid learning process using website and 4G internet network so that students get a better learning experience and understanding easier to learn materials. The web camera is utilized as a student online learning process that views the movement of the lecturer so that it makes learning easier for the student. This hybrid learning also uses website to support in-class monitoring and future hybrid learning processes and capable of recording the learning process so the recording can be used in the future.

Centralized CNN–GRU Model by Federated Learning for COVID-19 Prediction in India

In 2019, the corona virus was found in Wuhan, China. The corona virus has traveled several countries in the world from the beginning of 2020. The early estimation of COVID-19 cases is one of the efficient approaches to control the pandemic. Many researchers had proposed the deep learning model for the efficient estimation of COVID-19 cases for different provinces in the world. The research work had not focused on the discussion of robustness in the model. In this study, centralized federated-convolutional neural network–gated recurrent unit (Fed-CNN–GRU) model is proposed for the estimation of active cases per day in different provinces of India. In India, the uneven transmission of COVID-19 virus was seen in 36 provinces due to the different geographical areas and population densities. So, the methodology of this study had focused on the development of single deep learning algorithm, which is robust and reliable to estimate the active cases of COVID-19 in different provinces of India. The concept of transfer and federated learning is involved to enhance the estimation of active cases of COVID-19 by the CNN–GRU model. The study had considered the active cases per day dataset for 36 provinces in India from 12 March, 2020 to 17 January, 2022. Based on the study, it is proven that the centralized CNN–GRU model by federated learning had captured the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in different provinces with an enhanced result.

Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Aseptic Meningitis in Children.

Viruses are the most common infectious causes of aseptic meningitis (AM). After the COVID-19 pandemic, AM following the COVID-19 disease and its different vaccines were reported. This study compares some characteristics of patients with AM before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed patients' demographic and laboratory data (one month to 14 years old) with AM from March 2018 to March 2022. The first period involves two years before the COVID-19 outbreak (March 2018 to March 2020). The second period starts with the COVID-19 pandemic (from March 2020 until March 2022). A significant decrease was observed in the frequency of patients admitted with AM after the COVID-19 pandemic in the referral children's hospital in Qazvin. The incidence of AM in children older than five decreased significantly, and as a result, the average age of patients with this diagnosis decreased, too. A meaningful decline in the prevalence of AM in the summer and fall seasons has been observed. After the COVID-19 outbreak, the incidence of AM in children significantly decreased. Implementing the hygienic recommendations for inhibiting COVID-19 virus transmission also protected children from the spread of other viruses.

Rancangan video animasi edukasi kesiapsiagaan bencana non alam COVID-19 bagi ibu hamil. Uji validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen

Background: COVID-19 is transmitted through air transmission. Prevention of transmission of the COVID-19 virus in pregnant women will certainly reduce complications in pregnant women and the fetus. An educational animated video design can help increase pregnant women's understanding of preventing the transmission of COVID-19. The Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 in pregnant women will increase the risk of severe infection and pregnancy complications such as preterm labour. Pregnancy will cause physiological changes and maternal immunity, so pregnant women are in a high-risk group for COVID-19 infection. Prevention of COVID-19 virus transmission in pregnant women needs to be done to prevent complications in pregnant women and fetuses. Research objectives: The design of educational animated videos can help increase the understanding of pregnant women in preventing COVID-19 transmission and to test the validity and reliability of instruments.Method: Developing an educational video animation for non-natural disaster preparedness is carried out in several stages, namely making scenarios, storyboards, sketches, choosing colors, coloring, layering and combining them into animated videos. Then, the animated video was validated by a team of experts from the Langsa City Health Office. The content of this video is about preventing COVID-19 transmission in pregnant women. The animated video was tested on 20 respondents in June 2021 in Karang Anyar village, Langsa City. Furthermore, the instrument was tested for validity and reliability on 20 respondents in July 2021 in Paya Bujok Tunong Village, Langsa City.Results: Are 10 components assessed from educational animated videos, and the majority are very good ≥65%. The results of the validity and reliability tests show that the questionnaire is suitable for use in the condition of pregnant women when facing COVID-19 (p &gt; 0,05). However, one invalid statement item was found. The reliability test results show that all variables have an alpha value above 0,378.Conclusion: Respondents can use and distribute animated videos and research instruments.

Face Mask Waste Management as Risk Waste: Prevention of Covid-19 Virus Transmission in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

Face Mask Waste Management as Risk Waste: Prevention of Covid-19 Virus Transmission in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

A time-dependent SEIRS model for COVID-19 in China (mainland)

In the spring of 2022, two years after the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, a second worldwide outbreak is underway, with the number of patients infected with COVID-19 much higher than the peak during the first outbreak. Moreover, the second outbreak was not prevented in mainland China by a series of management measures with few local infections and mandatory quarantine of incoming persons. In this paper, we construct a compartmental model that includes exposed and isolated individuals to address the fact that the COVID-19 virus cannot be permanently immunized and to consider the isolation and treatment process in China. The model is used to analyze which factors have an impact on secondary outbreaks and uses the basic reproduction number to represent the outbreak. We obtained the expression for the basic reproduction number by calculating the basic reproduction number of the model. We used MATLAB to perform sensitivity analysis on each variable included in the expression for the basic reproduction number. In the sensitivity analysis, the increase in the basic reproduction number indicates that the rate of virus transmission and the rate of antibody failure are more critical to the pandemic. Reducing these rates can be effective in mitigating the epidemic. Also, the sensitivity analysis showed that increasing the vaccination rate does not help to reduce the basic reproduction number effectively. Therefore, the Chinese government should urge people to continue wearing masks to reduce the route and likelihood of the COVID-19 virus transmission and could appropriately reduce funding for vaccine promotion until a long-term effective vaccine is invented.

Face-Mask Ownership and Handling Patterns During the First Wave of Covid-19 Pan-demic in Ekiti State, Southwest, Nigeria

Background: Wearing of face-masks remains one of the most prominent non-pharmaceutical pre-ventive interventions against transmission of COVID-19 virus and other infectious diseases. In this study, we evaluated facemask ownership and handling patterns during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ekiti State, located in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: We conducted an online cross-sectional survey among residents above age 18, within three Local Government Areas (Ado-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, and Ikole-Ekiti) in the State. Five hundred fifty-three respondents consented to the study procedures and completed the close-ended question-naire shared via social media. Data obtained were entered into Microsoft Excel Software and sub-sequently analyzed in SPSS 20.0 software for basic descriptive statistics. The association between variables was also examined using chi-square tests and the significant level was set at 95%. Results: Findings showed an ownership rate of 98.1%. Over half of the respondents, 305(57.5%), wore face-mask regularly 305 (57.5%), while 170(32.1%) occasionally wore masks and 55 (10.4%) rarely wore masks. Furthermore, majority of the respondents 470 (90.2%) wore facemask appropriately to cover both nose and mouth. However, about one-third of the participants 123(29.5%) wore facemask under their nose, covering only their mouth. Majority of the participants 308 (60.0%) touch their face and mask intermittently, and only 291(56.0%) clean their hands after removing their masks. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for increased awareness on proper handling of face-masks to curtail transmission of COVID-19 virus, or other airborne infections..

The Development and Integration of a Safety Officer Role to Facilitate Prevention of COVID-19 Virus Transmission in an Adult Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting Using Collaborative Change Leadership Methodology.

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large urban academic hospital responded by creating the temporary role of a "Safety Officer (SO)." The key task of the SO role was to supervise staff donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE) and provide real-time feedback on their performance. The support for safe donning and doffing would contribute to staff well-being by reducing their fear of infection transmission. A Collaborative Change Leadership (CCL) approach was used to facilitate the development, implementation, and evaluation of the role. This included an iterative feedback process with clinicians and safety officers to continually refine the role. Feedback indicated value in the initiative as increasing staff confidence about preventing virus transmission, as well as their sense of safety at work. Areas for future improvement included additional communication strategies for interprofessional teams and external partners, as well as planning around logistics to better support the safety officers in performing this new, temporary role. The Safety Officer role was able to help alleviate concerns regarding potential infection transmission and contribute positively to staff well-being.

The Role of Female Lecturers of IAIN Ponorogo in Family Care During The Covid-19 Pandemic Period

This article identified female lecturers’ double burden along with the Covid-19 outbreak. During the plague, many people lost their jobs. Several families hardly struggled to fulfill their daily needs eventually forcing numerous women to work for gaining additional incomes. To diminish the Covid-19 virus transmission, working persons were directed to complete their duties from home. Furthermore, a child’s learning that used to be implemented at a school should be moved to the home, which then impacted parents’ role in assisting their kids’ education. This study uses qualitative methods which are analyzed using role theory. Data collection techniques used were interviews, google forms and documentation. This study concludes that women play a role in accompanying and helping children study at home online. On the other hand, women are also required to help meet family needs by working and domestic tasks. This shows the addition of the dual role of women during the Covid-19 pandemic. This dual role can be used as a compromise solution in family problems, especially for female lecturers at IAIN Ponorogo. The experiences of these female lecturers are varied, but many of them already have an equitable distribution of public and domestic roles as well as childcare between husband and wife.

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-Ncov) Cases in Selangor, Malaysia

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak devastation on public health systems worldwide, particularly in Selangor, Malaysia, COVID-19 was reported from October 2020 to October 2021 at prevalent rate. In order to control and prevent the spread of this pandemic, which is already underway, there is need to comprehend the spatial dimension of this disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of COVID-19 virus transmission in the state of Selangor. Methods: Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), and the Moran’s Index (MI), spatial distribution of COVID-19 across the entire mukim was mapped and spatial statistical analysis was carried out with indications of local spatial correlations. Results: The finding revealed that the clusters were concentrated in the western and southern regions (Global Moran's I = 0.468, p = 0.05, Z = 7.01) of the state of Selangor, thus, this research provides important information on the regional distribution and temporal dynamics of COVID-19. Conclusion: An assessment of COVID-19's geographic spread can help enhance health care programs and resource allocation in Malaysia, specifically Selangor where the COVID-19 is pandemic.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF COVID-19 TRANSMISSIBILITY DURING THE VACCINATION PERIOD

The aim of this work is to develop a new Reservoir People (RP) transmission mathematical model, to simulate the potential transmission of COVID-19 virus and Delta variant in the Moroccan population during the vaccination period. The originality of this work resides in the fact that the different parameters that appear in the model problem, depend on the period of vaccination. The existence and uniqueness of non-negative normalized solutions are proved. A cost function to minimize with respect to the parameters is defined. To this aim, a novel hybrid algorithm, called Neural Network with Sine-Cosine algorithm (NNSCA) is proposed. The obtained numerical simulation confirms that our model is robust and can efficiently predict the evolution of the virus in Morocco during the vaccination period.

Insights on Air Pollution During COVID-19: A Review

Air quality improved due to a sudden reduction in the mass concentration of criteria pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NOx, CO, SO2) except ozone (O3) over cities of the world during the novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) lockdown. Such reduction in pollutants concentration during the lockdown period is an indicator of pollutants contributed from human-induced sources. The elevated ozone level during the lockdown period is explained by shifted NOx-mediated reaction towards volatile organic carbon (VOCs) mediated reaction. The reduction in pollutants concentration and improved air quality is not uniform for outdoor and indoor environments. The indoor air quality is quite poor compared to outdoor throughout the lockdown period. The degradation in indoor air quality is associated with increased human activities and the degree of ventilation inside the home. The number of active COVID-19 cases is associated with air quality over a region. The improved air quality helped in a reduction in COVID-19 virus transmission among the people. Present review articles provide detailed insight into current research progress, the impact of lockdowns on outdoor and indoor air quality in different cities of the world. Further, this review articles provide a detailed overview of an elevated O3 level during the lockdown period and the mechanism of formation.

Perilaku Hidup Sehat Masyarakat Desa Siulak Kecil Mudik dalam Upaya Pencegahan Penularan Virus Corona

This cervice aims to determine the healthy lifestiles of Siulak Kecil Mudik Village community in order to prevent the Covid-19 Virus transmission. The method that used in this service was descriptive method. The target of this service are 10 village people that choosen with use purposive technique. According to the reflection of service programme result obtain the conclusion are: (1) Covid-19 pandemic cause the decrease of public health and income; (2) most of public in Siulak Kecil Mudik Village ignore the healthy lifestyles, and (3) the level of healthy lifestyles people is in low category. The steps which we done about the lowerness of the public healthy lifestyles are: (1) give the education abou the importance of the healty lifestyles; (2) collaborate with the village administrator about the implementation the healthy protocol;(3)inform the information about the importance of vaccination and confirmation about hoax report about the vaccination tha spread through the public.

Covid-19 Virüsü Bulaş Riskini Etkileyen Parametrelerin Bulanık Mantık ile Değerlendirilmesi

As a result of the effects of the Covid-19 virus, which is thought to have emerged in China in December 2019 and caused the death of many people, 2020 has been declared a global pandemic year by the World Health Organization (WHO) as of March 2020. The distribution and consequences of the Covid-19 epidemic vary according to climates, regions, demographic structure, population, hygiene conditions and contamination. It has been proven by scientific research that the disease is transmitted from person to person through droplets and contact. Vaccine studies are continuing to prevent the Covid-19 epidemic. It is seen that it is not possible to return to normal life for a long time, and that people should follow all precautions with the same meticulousness even if they are vaccinated. Those who have to work without social distance in their workplaces and those who have to be together in public areas are at higher risk of contracting the Covid-19 virus. For this reason, the most important measures to prevent the spread of the virus in the community have been determined by the authorities as hygiene, maintaining social distance, staying in quarantine and wearing a mask. Accordingly, in this study, the effects of mask use, duration of stay in the closed environment and ventilation of the environment on the risk of transmission of the Covid-19 epidemic were investigated, and the relationships between these parameters were evaluated with the fuzzy logic method. Situations that can minimize the risk of Covid-19 virus transmission and maximize it have been identified.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND BALANCED NUTRITION DIET WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF STUDENTS AT SMA NEGERI 3 BALIKPAPAN DURING ONLINE LEARNING

The students experience the impact of the COVID-19 virus transmission. One of it was school from home. Online learning conditions allow adolescents to experience shifts in physical activity and diet patterns. This study analyzed the relationship between physical activity and a balanced nutritional diet with nutritional status in students at SMA Negeri 3 Balikpapan. This type of research was quantitative research with explanatory surveys and using a cross-sectional design. In this research, all active students of SMA Negeri 3 Balikpapan were involved as a population. The number of samples obtained was 92 people using purposive sampling techniques. An instrument for measuring activity level variables was the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). A balanced nutrition diet was assessed using Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency (SQ-FFQ) and the Balanced Nutrition Index 3 Levels (IGS3-60). Measurement of nutritional status through self-reporting based on body mass index by age z-score (BMI/Age). The statistical test used was a chi-square to test the research hypothesis. Based on the results of the chi-square statistical test, there was a relationship between physical activity and nutritional status (p=0,014), and there was no relationship between a balanced nutritious diet and the nutritional status (p=0,212). Physical activity is closely related to the nutritional status of adolescents. Therefore, to maintain optimal nutritional status, implementing a healthy lifestyle and physical activity patterns are need to be done.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT DELAY DUE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The COVID-19 pandemic that hit the whole world has harmed several industries including the construction industry. It has caused the operation of the construction industry had to be stopped for a while because the construction industry is reported to be one of the industries with a high risk of COVID-19 virus transmission. Due to that, many construction projects were delayed as a result of series of movement control orders by the government. The purpose of this study is to identify the main contributor factors to project delay due to Covid-19. In addition, this study identifies the mitigation actions to overcome the delays for building construction project in Malaysia. Quantitative method was used and online questionnaire survey were distributed to the target respondents involves clients, consultants, and contractors. The research area covers the conurbation of Klang Valley, Great Penang, and Iskandar city as these areas contain about a third of the overall country’s population (Chin et al., 2019). In addition, the number of construction companies as at March 2021 located in Klang Valley, Johor and Penang are 1672, 653 and 323 respectively (CIDB, 2021). Relative Important Index (RII) and correlation analysis were used to analyse the data obtained from the survey. The finding of this study identifies the main factors contribute to delay during COVID-19 pandemic are delay in material delivery; delay in decision making by the consultants; delay in revising and approving document; and unclear of Standard of Procedure (SOP) instructions by the government. As a result, project is suffering with cost overrun and the loss of skilled and unskilled labours. In order to overcome delay, the findings suggest that proper planning and rescheduling; systematic and clear communication; getting help from government aid and completing worker’s overdue payment are among the mitigation actions proposed by the respondents. The finding of this study shed light in preventing unnecessary delays in construction project due to the unpredictable pandemic by identifying the factors and impact of delays to improve the awareness of pandemic effect to the construction project. The outcome of the research study can be used as a guidance to help the construction practitioners especially for the clients, consultants, and contractors to monitor and act in the future construction activities to avoid unnecessary project delays when facing unpredictable pandemic in the future.

Mathematical Modeling of the effects of gender-based stigmatization on COVID-19 virus transmission in Kenya

Mathematical Modeling of the effects of gender-based stigmatization on COVID-19 virus transmission in Kenya

A Fractional Order SITR Model for Forecasting of Transmission of COVID-19: Sensitivity Statistical Analysis

In this work, we investigate the effects of the contact rate between people on the covid-19 virus transmission through a susceptible-infected-treatment-recovered (SITR) fractional mathematical model. Several strategies are introduced, and the development methodology is constructed up in various cases based on the rate of individual contact, due to confinement and social distancing rules, which can be useful in reducing infection. The existence and uniqueness of the proposed model solution are established, as well as the basic reproduction number. The basic reproduction number has been used to control the dynamics of the fractional SITR model completely, which determines whether or not the infection is extinguished. The global stability of the infection-free balance and endemic equilibrium point of the proposed model has been fully established using the Lyapunov-LaSalle type theorem. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to find out which parameter is the most dominant to affect the disease's endemicity and to see how changes in parameters affect Covid-19's beginning disease transmission. The fractional Adams-Bashforth method is used to compute an iterative solution to the model. Finally, using the model parameter values to explain the importance of the arbitrary fractional-order derivative, the numerical results using MATLAB are presented.

National evaluation of the association between stay-at-home orders on mechanism of injury and trauma admission volume

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic had numerous negative effects on the US healthcare system. Many states implemented stay-at-home (SAH) orders to slow COVID-19 virus transmission. We measured the association between SAH orders on the injury mechanism type and volume of trauma center admissions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsAll trauma patients aged 16 years and older who were treated at the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program participating centers from January 2018-September 2020. Weekly trauma patient volume, patient demographics, and injury characteristics were compared across the corresponding SAH time periods from each year. Patient volume was modeled using harmonic regression with a random hospital effect. ResultsThere were 166,773 patients admitted in 2020 after a SAH order and an average of 160,962 patients were treated over the corresponding periods in 2018-2019 in 474 centers. Patients presenting with a pre-existing condition of alcohol misuse increased (13,611 (8.3%) vs. 10,440 (6.6%), p <0.001). Assault injuries increased (19,056 (11.4%) vs. 15,605 (9.8%)) and firearm-related injuries (14,246 (8.5%) vs. 10,316 (6.4%)), p<0.001. Firearm-specific assault injuries increased (10,748 (75.5%) vs. 7,600 (74.0%)) as did firearm-specific unintentional injuries (1,318 (9.3%) vs. 830 (8.1%), p<0.001. In the month preceding the SAH orders, trauma center admissions decreased. Within a week of SAH implementation, hospital admissions increased (p<0.001) until a plateau occurred 10 weeks later above predicted levels. On regional sub-analysis, admission volume remained significantly elevated for the Midwest during weeks 11-25 after SAH order implementation, (p<0.001).