Translational Aspects Research Articles

„ქებაჲ ქებათაჲს“ ქართული თარგმანების კულტურულ-კოგნიტური ასპექტები

The discussion of the cultural-cognitive aspects of the Geor­gian tran­slations of the most difficult text of the Old Testament, „Song of Songs“, is connected with many difficulties. Because such high texts are characterized by hiding and obscuring themselves, covering the composition, disguising them­selves through allegorical contexts. The places to be analyzed in the Geor­gian editions of this book of King Solomon are compared with each other, as well as with the academic text of the Septuagint, the Septuagint accom­pa­nied by a literal Hebrew translation, the Sinic and Venetian codices of the Septuagint. Georgian editions of the Bible used: Revision O – The Oshk or Athos Bible and Jerusalem Codex of 978 Digi­tized by Zurab Sarjveladze and Jost Gippert; Redaction of the S-Mtskheta Bible according to an unpubli­shed ma­nus­cript of the 17th –18th centuries; Editorial – Α unpublished manuscript of the 17th century; Edition Β – the text of the Moscow Bible of 1743. The paper presents the exegesis of the context and megatext of the Georgian title „Song of Songs“ 2. The dramaturgy of remarks in the Georgian translation and the Septuagint Remarque code. The article analyzes the most important cultural and cognitive aspects of Georgian translations of the „Song of Songs“. The translation of the title is not literal, since Georgian translators and editors instead of „song“ („Άσμα Ασμάτων“,) chose the lexeme „praise“, „the best prai­­­se“. This reduplicated form, which expresses the superlative deg­ree, has the contexts of both „praise“ and „singing“. The choice of this lexeme is deliberate, since the Song of Songs was read alle­gorically. In the Georgian Bible (edition A), it is directly indicated in the title that this is a praise of the Most Holy Theotokos, the best of blessings. In the ancient Oshk Bible, verse 1 is missing. 1. In all ancient translations, except for the Syriac translation of the Peshita, the title says „song“. And in the Syriac translation of Peshita the lexeme is „Wisdom of Wisdom“ (Lo­pukhin). In the Old Armenian translation there is also a song „Երգ Երգոց“. Despite the fact that the so-called Bakar Bible (1743) was compared with the Slavic edition of the Bible, nothing has changed in the translation of the title „Song of Songs“. The Georgian tradition won. In the Georgian editions there are remarks. The appearance of remarks, on the one hand, is caused by the absence of the category of gender in the Georgian language. Remarks are absent in the Hebrew text, as well as in many codices of the Septuagint. As far as possible, we compa­red the remarks of all the Georgian editions under consideration with the remarks of the Sinaiticus Codex of the Septuagint of the 4th century and tried to determine their place in the artistic fabric of the text. It is very likely that the Georgian monks from the Sinai monastery were well acquainted with this codex. In the Mtskheta Bible-S, more de­tailed, expanded remarks, which play a large role in the composition of the „Song of Songs“.

РОЛЬ ХУДОЖНЬОГО ПЕРЕКЛАДУ У ФОРМУВАННІ ЛІТЕРАТУРНО-КУЛЬТУРНОГО ПРОСТОРУ І КОНСТРУЮВАННІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ

The article analyses the role of literary translation in the shaping of literary and cultural space and construction of national identity. The research is carried out in line with the Cultural Studies approach in Translation Studies, according to which literary translation is interpreted not as a purely linguistic phenomenon, but primarily as a refl ection of a cultural tradition, a kind of projection of events of historical, nation-building and nationwide dimensions. In particular, the author explains the need to rethink certain concepts and methodological approaches in Translation Studies due to the dynamic interpretation of borders and rethinking of the concept of identity. An attempt is made to identify the essential aspects of literary translation as a form of interliterary interaction and intercultural communication. The paper illustrates the distinction of the nation-building function of literary translation in Ukrainian Translation Studies. The interrelationships between literary translation, culture and national identity are established. The polysphere model of cultural space is outlined. Varieties of national identity are considered. The author characterizes literary translation as an important practice of forming a national cultural space as a process of creation, dissemination and consumption of such cultural texts as translated literature. Translators are participants in intercultural communication, they create translations and facilitate their dissemination and reception in various public spheres from the global to the niche levels around various generating centres. A cultural centre-generator whose identity is in line with the national identity of the country and which makes deliberate eff orts to ensure that its discursive identity is shared by the entire public sphere contributes to the formation and strengthening of the national identity of its audience. The problem of the unity and integrity of the national cultural space is caused by the cultural compatibility of all its public spheres, an important factor of which is the use of language as a cultural code. The spread of electronic global communication and the growing trend towards the use of a global language reduces the presence of the national language in the global communication space, which leads to the levelling of national identities. In such circumstances, highquality translation will help preserve the national identity of the cultural space. Key words: literary translation, interliterary interaction, intercultural communication, translation function, literary and cultural space, national identity, model of cultural space.

ОЛЕКСАНДР ФІНКЕЛЬ І СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ПЕРЕКЛАДОЗНАВСТВА В УКРАЇНІ

The paper is a tribute to Oleksandr Finkel’s signifi cant role in establishing Ukrainian translation studies as an independent academic discipline. Finkel’s pioneering work introduced a methodological approach to analysing linguistic aspects of translation, marking him as one of the early adopters of this approach. As a leading scholar based in Kharkiv, he produced the research in Ukraine which had a ripple eff ect throughout the Soviet Union and beyond. Finkel’s extensive exploration of translation as a scholarly pursuit aimed at creating a distinct academic fi eld within Ukrainian academia utilizing a burgeoning linguostylistic methodology. Drawing primarily from Finkel’s published works and manuscripts, the paper organizes his perspectives around the core areas of translation studies: theory, criticism, and pedagogy. His application of linguostylistics delves deep into fundamental translation phenomena such as equivalence, text types, translation multiplicity, the translator’s role, intertextuality, and textual dynamics. In the framework of George Steiner’s classifi cation of translation studies periods, Finkel’s ideas align most closely with the third period, characterized by a linguistic approach to translation theory. Early on, he interconnects translation with stylistics and linguistics, later evolving into linguostylistics. Key inquiries in his work include the nature of translation, the smallest unit of translation, the linguistic structure of text elements like words and sentences, and how linguistic elements shape historical cultural realities. Key words: translation theory, equivalence, text types, translation quality assessment, translation didactics.

A narrative review on allergy and exposure to domestic and non-domestic animals: favorable and unfavorable effects.

The aim of this contribution was to highlight the "favorable" and "unfavorable" roles of domestic and non-domestic animals on airway sensitization processes and on the type/severity of the clinical symptoms induced by their exposure. We performed a literature research in MEDLINE for allergic manifestations and animals. Pets can be "allergy friends" through mechanisms related to hygiene hypothesis and translational aspects, the dual role of IgG4 antibodies for pets, and their promising role as healthcare service animals (dogs). On the contrary, animals can be "allergy enemies" when inducing allergic sensitization and respiratory symptoms (sometimes leading to severe reactions), and also due to cross reactivity with other pets allergens, indirect exposure and ubiquity of their allergens, cross reactivity between Can f 5 and human prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Moreover, in some cases they can trigger anaphylaxis, induce occupational asthma, and act as pests. Finally, we must outline the modest efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for their allergens. From a strictly allergological perspective, it is evident that the "negative" aspects resulting from exposure to domestic / non-domestic animals outweigh the "positive" aspects. As a consequence, it is up to humans to seek new ways to balance the pros and cons by exploring research areas that can allow the best possible coexistence with subjects at risk of allergy with domestic and non-domestic animals.

Current status and future directions in Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES): An NIAID Workshop Report

Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis (FPIES) is a non-IgE mediated GI food allergy characterized by delayed, protracted vomiting, accompanied by lethargy and pallor, usually 1-4 hours following ingestion of the food allergen. The pathophysiology of FPIES remains unknown and currently there are no diagnostic biomarkers available to assess disease activity or its resolution. Over the last two decades, FPIES has become increasingly recognized in both pediatric and adult patients. Forty years later after the initial FPIES description, the first international classification of diseases (ICD-10) code for FPIES was established and the first international consensus guidelines for diagnosis and management of FPIES was published. On June 22, 2022, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) held its first virtual multidisciplinary workshop on FPIES. Various clinical and translational aspects of FPIES, as well as the important areas of unmet needs were discussed as priorities for future research during this 2-day virtual workshop. The following report provides a summary of content of the workshop, including updated literature on the topic areas, as well as providing a critical commentary on the state of FPIES.

Inhibiting ADAM17 enhances the efficacy of olaparib in ovarian cancer spheroids

Acquired or de novo resistance to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) is a major challenge to ovarian cancer treatment. Therefore, strategies to overcome PARPi resistance are critical to improve prognosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether inhibition of ADAM17 sensitizes ovarian cancer to treatment with olaparib, a PARPi, thereby bypassing resistance mechanisms and improving treatment response. Thus, we analyzed the effect of olaparib in combination with the ADAM17 inhibitor GW280264X in ovarian cancer using a 2D monolayer and a 3D spheroid model followed by a multicontent readout (viability, caspase activation and cytotoxicity). To emphasize the translational aspect of our work, we performed corresponding experiments on primary cells derived from ovarian cancer patients initially screened for their mutation status of the breast cancer gene (BRCA 1/2). In 2D, we observed a significant reduction in cell viability and a subsequent increase in apoptosis of the combined treatment (olaparib + GW280264X) compared with olaparib mono-treatment. The combined treatment allows a substantial dose reduction of olaparib rendering a strong synergistic effect. Using a 3D spheroid model from primary cells, we confirmed the 2D monoculture results and demonstrated not only increased caspase activity under the combined treatment but also a substantial gain in cytotoxicity compared to the mono-treatment. Our study proposes ADAM17 inhibition sensitizing ovarian cancer to olaparib treatment and improving treatment response.

Central role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells: A review.

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the characteristics of tumor cell metabolism. In tumor cells, there are multiple metabolic enzymes and membrane proteins to regulate metabolic reprogramming, and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) can be regulated in transcription, translation, posttranslational modification and other aspects through multiple pathways, and HIF-1α affects multiple metabolic enzymes and membrane proteins during metabolic reprogramming, thus playing a central role in the metabolic reprogramming process, and thus has some implications for tumor therapy and understanding chemotherapy drug resistance. HIF-1α affects a number of metabolic enzymes and membrane proteins in the metabolic reprogramming process, thus playing a central role in the metabolic reprogramming process, which has certain significance for the treatment of tumors and the understanding of chemotherapeutic drug resistance. In this paper, we review the central role of HIF-1α in metabolic reprogramming, chemotherapeutic agents targeting HIF-1α, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance.

Choline geranate (CAGE): A multifaceted ionic liquid for drug delivery

Ionic liquids, organic salts in a liquid state below 100 °C, have traditionally been associated with industrial applications. Recent research has introduced a new generation of ionic liquids, designed from biocompatible ions, to enable applications in drug delivery. Here, I provide a historical perspective, development status and applications of a leading example of biocompatible ionic liquids, a salt of Choline And Geranic acid (CAGE). Since its first report in 2014, CAGE has opened multiple drug delivery applications including transdermal, oral, buccal, sustained release, tissue ablation, periodontitis and hand hygiene, among others. CAGE-based products have been tested in more than 200 patients through multiple Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical studies, including successful use in a Phase 2 clinical study in Atopic Dermatitis patients. CAGE became the first ‘drug delivery ionic liquid’ to enter into clinical trials. This article summarizes the key fundamental and translational aspects of CAGE as pertained to its use in drug delivery.

Control of nerve-mediated and urothelial ATP release by a protein kinase G-dependent pathway in the mouse bladder

Aim:ATP signalling is involved in urinary bladder motor and sensory pathways, including stimulation-mediated release from parasympathetic varicosities to detrusor muscle and from urothelial cells when mechanically stressed. Both modalities are present in humans and other mammals but are especially prominent in overactive bladder syndromes. There is therefore an unmet need to understand how to regulate such release. This study tested the hypothesis that the nitric oxide (NO•)/ soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/ cyclic GMP/ protein kinase-G (PKG) pathway has a central role. Methods:In vitro nerve-mediated contractions and ATP/acetylcholine (ACh) release were measured from bladder wall strips, as was ATP release from urothelial cell suspensions subject to mechanical stresses. Enhanced spontaneous contractile activity was also measured in bladder wall preparations of spinal cord-injured mice. Interventions were designed to increase cellular cGMP levels (a cell-permeable cGMP analogue, a NO• donor, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDEI), a sGC activator), or agents to reduce activity of pathway enzymes (sCG or PKG). Results:ATP-dependent contractions were reduced by the above interventions, as was ATP release; but ACh-dependent contractions and ACh release were unaffected. Spontaneous contractile activity was also reduced by the cGMP analogue and by a PDEI. ATP release from urothelial cell suspensions was also reduced by similar interventions. Conclusions:ATP release from efferent nerves and from urothelial cells were selectively reduced by upregulating the NO•/sGC/cGMP/PKG pathway. Translational aspects are discussed with respect to purinergic pathways and overactive bladder pathologies.

Cognitive Aspects of Translation: The Latest Research in Psycholinguistics and Cognitive Science

The study of the cognitive aspect of translation opens up new possibilities for understanding and analysing the translation process through the prism of cognitive science. By analysing the cognitive processes that take place in the translator's brain while performing translation, it is possible to reveal various aspects of this complex and multifaceted process. The purpose of this article is to conduct a literature review of cognition-oriented translation studies in order to contribute to the development of the science of translation studies. The method included the analysis of related literature from the scientific databases Scopus and Google Scholar. As a result of this study, advanced theoretical models were put forward and developed to reveal the so-called “black box” of the translator, which is considered a key aspect in understanding the cognitive processes of translation. These theoretical approaches aimed to uncover the internal mechanism and strategies used by the translator when performing translation in order to reveal and analyse how these processes occur in the translator's brain. Conclusions – the research focused on translation processes has great potential, as it uses the latest theoretical models and research methods from related cognitive disciplines such as cognitive psychology, cognitive linguistics, neurophysiology and computational linguistics. The paper attempts to identify challenges in cognitive translation research in order to contribute to a broader understanding of the cognitive aspects of translation and to help address key challenges in this area.

Linguistic, Aesthetic And Cultural Aspects Of Translating Literary Texts (Arabic-English): A Model For Translation Pedagogy

The main aim of this paper is to explore the different linguistic, aesthetic, and cultural aspects of literary translation. The paper examines the various features of literary translation at both macro and micro levels. It focuses on those features of literary texts that are characteristic of literary works. First, we follow the standard linguistic paradigm in the discussion of literary translation, including phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and the aesthetic and cultural features of literary texts. The qualitative method is used to explore the various features of literary translation to identify the recurring linguistic and literary devices lacking systematic forms and patterns to find a comparable genre-specific form in the target language. The model proposed consists of five stages: (1) Retention of sound devices, (2) Retention of syntactic patterns, (3) Retention of semantic features, (4) Retention of figurative language, and (5) Retention of the cultural aspects. The model is a descriptive model for analyzing literary translation procedures and can be used as a pedagogical model for translation practice. Findings show that employing this model would offer translation students new insights to describe challenging linguistic, aesthetic, and cultural features in the source texts to think of some practical solutions for translating literary works.

Single-molecule tracking reveals dynamic regulation of ribosomal scanning.

How eukaryotic ribosomes traverse messenger RNA (mRNA) leader sequences to search for protein-synthesis start sites remains one of the most mysterious aspects of translation and its regulation. While the search process is conventionally described by a linear "scanning" model, its exquisitely dynamic nature has restricted detailed mechanistic study. Here, we observed single Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal scanning complexes in real time, finding that they scan diverse mRNA leaders at a rate of 10 to 20 nt s-1. We show that specific binding of a protein to its mRNA leader sequence substantially arrests scanning. Conversely, impairing scanning-complex guanosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis results in native start-site bypass. Our results illustrate an mRNA-centric, kinetically controlled regulatory model where the ribosomal pre-initiation complex amplifies a nuanced energetic landscape to regulate scanning and start-site selection fidelity.

X- vs. Y-chromosome influences on human behavior: a deep phenotypic comparison of psychopathology in XXY and XYY syndromes

BackgroundDo different genetic disorders impart different psychiatric risk profiles? This question has major implications for biological and translational aspects of psychiatry, but has been difficult to tackle given limited access to shared batteries of fine-grained clinical data across genetic disorders.MethodsUsing a new suite of generalizable analytic approaches, we examine gold-standard diagnostic ratings, scores on 66 dimensional measures of psychopathology, and measures of cognition and functioning in two different sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs)—Klinefelter (XXY/KS) and XYY syndrome (n = 102 and 64 vs. n = 74 and 60 matched XY controls, total n = 300). We focus on SCAs for their high collective prevalence, informativeness regarding differential X- vs. Y-chromosome effects, and potential relevance for normative sex differences.ResultsWe show that XXY/KS elevates rates for most psychiatric diagnoses as previously reported for XYY, but disproportionately so for anxiety disorders. Fine-mapping across all 66 traits provides a detailed profile of psychopathology in XXY/KS which is strongly correlated with that of XYY (r = .75 across traits) and robust to ascertainment biases, but reveals: (i) a greater penetrance of XYY than KS/XXY for most traits except mood/anxiety problems, and (ii) a disproportionate impact of XYY vs. XXY/KS on social problems. XXY/KS and XYY showed a similar coupling of psychopathology with adaptive function and caregiver strain, but not IQ.ConclusionsThis work provides new tools for deep-phenotypic comparisons of genetic disorders in psychiatry and uses these to detail unique and shared effects of the X- and Y-chromosome on human behavior.

Interactions between sleep, inflammation, immunity and infections: A narrative review.

Over the past decades, it has become increasingly evident that sleep disturbance contributes to inflammation-mediated disease, including depression, mainly through activation of the innate immune system and to an increased risk of infections. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed to identify relevant research findings in the field of immunity, inflammation and infections, with a focus on translational research findings from the past 5 years. Physiological sleep is characterized by a dynamic interplay between the immune system and sleep architecture, marked by increased innate immunity and T helper 1 (Th1) -mediated inflammation in the early phase, transitioning to a T helper 2 (Th2) response dominating in late sleep. Chronic sleep disturbances are associated with enhanced inflammation and an elevated risk of infections, while other inflammatory diseases may also be affected. Conversely, inflammation in response to infection can also disrupt sleep patterns and architecture. This narrative review summarizes current data on the complex relationships between sleep, immunity, inflammation and infections, while highlighting translational aspects. The bidirectional nature of these interactions are addressed within specific conditions such as sleep apnea, HIV, and other infections. Furthermore, technical developments with the potential to accelerate our understanding of these interactions are identified, including advances in wearable devices, artificial intelligence, and omics technology. By integrating these tools, novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for sleep-related immune dysregulation may be identified. The review underscores the importance of understanding and addressing immune imbalance related to sleep disturbances to improve disease outcomes.

A Sociological Study into the Impact of Capital on Moss Roberts’ Translation—<i>Three Kingdoms: A Historical Novel</i>

The study of translation has undergone a shift from language-level analysis to a cultural turn and, subsequently, a return to a more macroscopic social perspective. As social research in translation primarily targets external factors, it falls under centrifugal research in translation studies. To sustain the vitality of translation studies, there is a need for a balanced approach, combining centrifugal research with centripetal research. Moss Roberts’ translation of <i>San Guo Yan Yi</i> is initiated by China Foreign Language Press and co-published by China and the US presses in 1991. It is considered the most academic complete English version of <i>San Guo Yan Yi</i>. Drawing on the social practice theory of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, this study analyzes Moss Roberts’ translation practices of and the influence of capital in the English translation and dissemination field. It attempts a micro-level and reverse study of sociological aspects of translation by examining three key aspects: the influence of cultural capital, the impact of social capital, and the manipulation of power capital. The results showed that Moss Roberts’ translation practices are deeply influenced by his cultural, social and power capital. Among them, his cultural capital enables the translation to be academic; his social capital empowers it to be accurate and faithful; and his power capital manipulates it where religious information arises.

Reconsidering freeze-induced protein aggregation: Air bubbles as the root cause of ice-water interface stress

Freeze-induced stress causing aggregation of proteins has typically been primarily attributed to the ice-water interface. However, we hypothesize that the underlying observed and perceived detrimental effect of ice is, to some extent, attributed to air bubbles expelled from ice crystal lattices or to nanobubbles existing prior to freezing. The reduction of dissolved air was achieved via a deaeration process by placing samples in a reduced pressure chamber, while the reduction of nanobubbles was achieved by filtering samples via a syringe filter. The results showed that the reduction of both dissolved air molecules and stable colloidal nanobubbles in a bovine IgG solution prior to freezing led to a significant decrease in aggregation after thawing compared to untreated samples (∼6,000 vs. ∼ 40,000 particles/mL at a freezing rate of 100 K/s, respectively). The deaeration-filtration treatment works additively with cryoprotectants such as trehalose, further reducing the freeze-induced aggregation of IgG. The results also demonstrated that air–water interfacial aggregation of IgG in bulk liquid samples is a time-dependent process. The number of IgG subvisible particles increased with time and temperature, suggesting that random collisions of denatured molecules promoted the formation of aggregates with spherical morphology. In contrast, the IgG subvisible count after freeze-thawing had already reached its nominal value, suggesting a time-independent process where denatured protein molecules were compressed between ice crystals into filament-like aggregates. In summary, the findings shift the current paradigm from ice crystals being the main destabilizing factor during freezing to air bubbles, although the two are intertwined. From a translational aspect, this study underscores the value of deaeration-filtration as an essential supplemental process that can be applied in addition to formulation approaches such as the use of cryoprotectants to further reduce freezing stress on proteins and increase their stability.

On the construction of translation cultures*

Abstract The paper by Erich Prunč introduces and develops the concept of translationskultur, a concept that captures cultural and social aspects of translation. Expanding beyond the narrow traditional views of equivalence and text oriented approaches that were dominant in translation studies when Prunč developed the concept, Prunč presents translation as a critical practice not only in mediating between languages but also as an essential act of transcultural communication. The concept of translationskultur is theorized as a self-referential, self-regulating subsystem of culture, characterized by a set of socially established norms and behaviors shared by individuals involved in translation. Prunč emphasizes the complexity of translation cultures, which arise from the delicate compromises among all stakeholders engaged in or affected by the translation process, including translators, authors, and recipients. Translation cultures are shaped by power dynamics within the field, and factors like societal status and resource allocation contribute to the establishment of hierarchies relevant for translation practices. By introducing this concept, Prunč moreover aims to encourage a conscientious reflection on the roles and responsibilities of translators and interpreters, their loyalties towards themselves, and advocates for more confident and self-critical agents acting towards ideals of a prototypical democratic translation culture. The paper concludes with the vision of translators and interpreters who are aware of their significant role in shaping discourses and who exercise their power with a sense of professional pride and ethical diligence.

Aspects of translation of Russian linguistic realities of N.V. Gogol’s novel “Dead Souls” into Chinese language

Abstract In the modern world, characterised by the increasing popularity of world literature, there exists an escalating demand for accurate and culturally adapted translations that convey the semantic accuracy and meaning of the original text. The purpose of this study is to analyze the specific features of translating antonyms into Chinese reflecting everyday realities in N.V. Gogol’s novel “Dead Souls”. The following methods were used to achieve the research objectives: hypothetical-deductive, content analysis, and comparative. The study determined that the novel “Dead Souls” is rich in Russian everyday realities and antonyms that convey the linguocultural features of the time within the context of the literary work. In addition, it was revealed that translators face the challenge of conveying Russian everyday realities and cultural features in the Chinese translation. This includes the problem of adapting antonyms that may be unfamiliar or have a different meaning in Chinese culture. The translation of antonyms must maintain semantic accuracy and comparability with the original to convey the meaning and contrast that antonyms create in the text. The study showed that the translation of antonyms can influence Chinese readers’ perception of the text. Their correct rendering preserves the meaning and structure of the original, which is significant for a full understanding of the literary work. As a result of a comparative analysis of Chinese translations of N.V. Gogol’s novel “Dead Souls”, various aspects influencing the translation of antonyms and their role in conveying Russian everyday realities were revealed. Practical significance lies in the use of the findings of this study by the researchers engaged in the translation of literary works, as well as specialists in the fields of literary studies, linguistics, and translation studies.

CONNECTION BETWEEN ARTISTIC EDITING AND ARTISTIC TRANSLATION

This scientific article investigates the necessity of adhering to linguistic norms and existing editorial principles when editing literary translations from foreign languages, taking into account the shared aspects of translation and editorial criteria. The study focuses on the quality of editing the Uzbek translation of the novel The Alchemist, compared to its English and Russian versions. It examines issues such as preserving the semantic features of the text during the editing process and provides suggestions and recommendations for addressing shortcomings that arise in the editorial process.

Western Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mice Mimic the Key Transcriptomic Signatures Observed in Humans

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption or a secondary cause of hepatic steatosis. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing worldwide and its management has become a public health concern. Animal models are traditionally used to elucidate disease mechanisms and identify potential drug targets; however, their translational aspects in human diseases have not been fully established. This study aimed to clarify the utility of animal models for translational research by assessing their relevance to human diseases using gene expression analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of liver tissues from Western diet (WD)-induced NAFLD mice was performed to identify the modules associated with disease progression. Moreover, the similarity of the gene co-expression network across species was evaluated using module preservation analysis. Nineteen disease-associated modules were identified. The brown module was positively associated with disease severity, and functional analyses indicated that it may be involved in inflammatory responses in immune cells. Moreover, the gene co-expression network of the brown module was highly preserved in human NAFLD liver gene expression datasets. These results indicate that WD-induced NAFLD mice have similar gene co-expression networks (especially genes associated with inflammatory responses) to humans and are thought to be a useful experimental tool for preclinical research on NAFLD.