Adequacy Of Translation Research Articles

TRANSLATION OF MEDIA CONTENT DURING MARTIAL LAW

This article is devoted to the study of the problem of media content translation during martial law. The importance of the media as an information resource in the modern world is analyzed and it considers how the military conflict affects the way information is presented. The article also examines ethical issues related to the translation of media content in conflict settings and provides examples of practical strategies to ensure objectivity and accuracy of information. The study shows that high-quality translation of media content is important for maintaining objectivity and trust in the media in crisis situations. The article examines the importance of context in the translation of media content during martial law. A translation must not only convey accurate information, but also take into account sensitive aspects and cultural characteristics that may affect the audience's perception. In addition, it is highlighted how translation can influence the formation of public opinion and stereotypes during a military conflict, which makes it an important aspect of the information space. Special attention is paid to issues of cultural equivalent in translation, as terms and expressions can have different meanings in different cultures. The article identifies the challenges faced by translators in their efforts to maintain the effectiveness and adequacy of translation in the conditions of a military conflict. In addition, the article examines the role of technology in improving the process of media content translation and ensuring speed and accuracy in emergency situations. Analyzing the use of machine translation and other innovations, it is analyzed how these tools can contribute to maintaining the objectivity and reliability of information. In general, the goal is to highlight the complexity of media content translation tasks during martial law and to contribute to the improvement of methods that allow for the highest degree of objectivity and accuracy in emergency situations.

Semiotic adequacy of poetic translation: definition of concepts

Semiotic adequacy of poetic translation: definition of concepts

Problems of Literary Translation in the Linguistic and Cultural Aspect

The article analyzes the problems of literary translation in the linguoculturological aspect: the authors pay attention to the semantic inconsistency inherent in lexemes in the source text and lexemes in the target language, give examples of semantic inconsistencies that arise due to the lack of equivalence of individual lexemes that have ethnocultural significance in the language picture of the world of the original work , reveal various variants of semantic relationships. The main part of the article analyzes various ontological errors that occur when translating a literary text due to the discrepancy between the language pictures of the world of the author and the translator on the example of the work of Chechen folklore - illi “Deer” and the lyrical works of the Balkarian poet K. Kuliyev. The authors clearly demonstrate that without the translator having background knowledge of the history and culture of the people to whom the original work belongs, it is impossible to achieve the adequacy of literary translation, while the ideal situation is when the translator is bilingual and, accordingly, the bearer of both linguistic worldviews, is able to correlate them , avoiding contradictions and mental and cultural distortions in translation.

ВІДТВОРЕННЯ ДІАЛЕКТНОЇ ТА РОЗМОВНОЇ ЛЕКСИКИ В АНГЛОМОВНОМУ ПЕРЕКЛАДІ ФІЛЬМУ “ПАМФІР”

У статті здійснено спробу дослідити способи перекладу на англійську мову діалектної та розмовної лексики, яка вживається в українській кінострічці “Памфір”. Предметом дослідження є перекладацькі прийоми та трансформації, які застосовує перекладач для відтворення діалектного та розмовного мовлення. Методом суцільної вибірки було одержано лексичні одиниці для здійснення аналізу перекладацьких трансформацій. Для досягнення поставленої мети, перш за все, було досліджено погляди науковців на проблему перекладу діалектної лексики та різні способи її передачі з однієї мови на іншу. Це дало змогу встановити, що концепції вчених різняться за своїм спрямуванням – від крайнього бачення нейтралізувати діалектизми у перекладі – до іншої крайньої думки – створити штучний діалектний відповідник. За допомогою описового методу, а також аналізу перекладацьких трансформацій було встановлено прагматичну соціокультурну цінність досліджуваних діалектизмів. Результати дослідження засвідчили, що: 1) серед способів відтворення діалектного і розмовного мовлення в українському та англійському перекладах (у вигляді субтитрів) домінує прийом нейтралізації (55,5% та 79,9% відповідно); 2) перевага саме цього виду трансформації в англійському перекладі безпосередньо зумовлена нейтралізацією українського варіанту, що передає озвучувану форму буковинському діалекту, на якому розмовляють персонажі фільму; 3) прийом нейтралізації будь-якої лексики під час субтитрування може бути пов’язаний із технічними особливостями цього виду кіноперекладу, зокрема необхідністю зберегти відповідність між звуковим та текстовим рядом. Проте це не дає перекладачеві волю користуватися цим прийомом надмірно. Проведене дослідження дало змогу зробити висновок, що найбільш адекватним способом перекладу культурно-специфічної діалектної та розмовної лексики є поєднання методів нейтралізації (у тих випадках, де жодна інша трансформація неможлива) з методом компенсації та пошуком наближеного еквівалента з-поміж діалектів мови перекладу. У статті запропоновано варіанти перекладу буковинських діалектизмів та розмовної лексики для досягнення максимальної адекватності у перекладі.

PROBLEMS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENTISIC TEXTS MACHINE TRANSLATION ON THE MATERIAL OF AN INFORMATIONAL BROCHURE

The article is devoted to the analysis of the psychological scientific text machine translation (from the English language to the Russian one). On the material of the Russian machine translation of an informational brochure, potential difficulties were identified. The author points out the mistakes in machine translation and offers ways to solve them. A particular attention is paid to the translation of special terminology of the psychological semantic field.
 Background. Machine translation programs are often used as a way of getting texts translation. On the one hand, it is an available inexpensive way to get a quick translation. On the other hand, there is no guarantee of translation adequacy. The basis of quality translation analysis was a machine translation of scientific text.
 Purpose. On the basis of the text made by the machine translation program some mistakes are revealed and analyzed, some ways to solve them are offered. Special attention is paid to the translation of terms in the field of psychology.
 Materials and methods. The research material was a machine translation of the brochure “Anxiety Disorders in Children” written by the American Anxiety Disorders Association (the translation is from English into Russian). The translation was made with the help of the online program Google Translator.
 Results. Scientific texts on psychology have become popular in the world, but as the analysis showed, their translation is still difficult for online translation programs. Machine translation is not the way to get an equivalent text, but it does make the translation process easier. At the same time, an interpreter should spend time on further text editing. One type of mistakes is connected with the translation of terms. Besides there are mistakes caused by the difference between the grammatical structures of the original language and the translation language, such as the voice constructions, special word orders and set phrases.

КОНСТРУЮВАННЯ КОГНІТИВНО-ДИСКУРСИВНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ДІАХРОННОЇ МНОЖИННОСТІ ПЕРЕКЛАДІВ ЯК ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЙНО-ЕВРИСТИЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ

Cognitive-discursive modelling is an effective research methodology since, in the translation process, the translator himself uses target language means to model the reality described by the author. Also, an important factor in the translation process modelling is the analysis and comparison of chronologically distant original work’s various retranslations, which allows us to follow the influence of discursive and cognitive factors on the process and result of translation. The purpose of the article is to justify the complex methodology of cognitive-discursive model construction (hereinafter the CDM) of the diachronic plurality in chronologically distant original work translations as an interpretive and heuristic activity. The tasks of the research are the following: to construct the CDM discursive module; to construct the CDM cognitive module; to structure the CDM retranslation module. The material of the study is connotative original units, chosen from chronologically distant original text – W. Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello (1604) – and their equivalents in Ukrainian diachronic retranslations performed by P. Kulish (1819–1897), I. Steshenko (1898–1987), and O. Gryaznov (1940–2021). Taking into account translation studies interdisciplinary nature, the methodology of the CDM complex construction procedure is determined by a polyparadigmatic approach that combines discursive, linguistic, cognitive, and translation directions of analysis. Each of these directions is represented by a number of methods, techniques and analysis procedures. As an interpretive-heuristic activity, the CDM construction algorithm involves three stages: the construction of the CDM discursive module by applying discourse analysis methodology, which involves the segmentation of the discursive module into three components: extralingual, textual and lingual; construction of the CDM cognitive module by applying cognitive linguistics methodology, in particular the method of frame mapping, as well as the application of cognitive analysis, comparative analysis, conceptual analysis and frame modelling; construction of the CDM retranslation module by applying the methodology of translation studies, in particular contrastive-translational analysis and transformational analysis. Conclusion. The combination of discursive, cognitive and retranslation modules contributes to a deeper understanding of the artistic text and the degree of the author’s worldview representation in the translation. The CDM construction of the diachronic plurality of chronologically distant original work translations makes it possible to study a number of problems comprehensively, namely: developing criteria for translation adequacy, revealing the causes of obstacles on the way to achieve an adequate translation, and determining ways of their maximum reduction and/or elimination in the translation process.

BACK TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF TRANSLATION ADEQUACY (On the example of translation transformations)

BACK TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF TRANSLATION ADEQUACY (On the example of translation transformations)

Особенности перевода разговорно-бытовой лексики на материале романа в стихах А. С. Пушкина «Евгений Онегин»

The paper addresses the issue of translating everyday colloquial vocabulary in a poetic work into English. The main aim of the research is to determine the causes of insufficient or excessive equivalence in literary work translation. Scientific originality lies in the fact that the issue of equivalence in the rendering of everyday life realia in literary text translation remains little studied. The translations of A. S. Pushkin’s novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” served as the practical research material. The paper defines the terms “adequate translation” and “equivalent translation”, carries out a comparative analysis of the translations of the creative work by the famous Russian classic and considers the situations of complete and incomplete adequacy of colloquial vocabulary translation. Special attention was paid to the cases in which insufficient or excessive translation equivalence could be observed. As a result of the research, the authors have identified the causes of insufficient or excessive equivalence, as well as the linguostylistic ways of their rendering into English.

Adequacy, fluency and cognitive processes: evidence from translating English news articles into Arabic

ABSTRACT This article reports on an empirical study on cognitive processes [i.e. (dis) fluency, temporal management of the translation process, and revision] and their relationship with fluency and adequacy. Based on Jakobsen and Schou’s (1999) computational model of human translation, the author utilizes keylogging data retrieved from a Translog-II-based task to investigate the cognitive processes behind Arab translator trainees’ translations of an English news article into Arabic and unfold whether these processes predict fluency and adequacy (N = 32). Results demonstrate trainees’ segmentation of a news article into frequent short lexical segments manifested in the mean translation units (M = 141.34, SD = 44.37), reliance on online revision over end revision, and temporal delay in the drafting stage. Multiple-line regression analysis shows that translation quality is predicted by revision time, orientation time, and translation speed in addition to a positive association between translation units and translation adequacy. According to the findings, translation trainees should be equipped with ST comprehension, and TT production and revision skills.

Инклюзивный язык в художественном переводе (на материале переводов романа А. Кристи «Десять негритят»)

This article performs a comparative analysis of diachronic translations of Agatha Christie’s novel Ten Little Niggers/Ten Little Indians/And Then There Were None (intralingual translations into American English and interlingual translations into French, German and Russian) in terms of adequacy of literary translation and following the norms of inclusive language. The paper found that the intralingual translation into American English is a culturally determined adaptation of the original text excluding culture-specific concepts perceived differently in the American culture. While classical interlingual translations of the novel into German, French and Russian follow the norms of adequacy and equivalence, modern interlingual translations reflect the desire of translators to make various lexical and lexico-grammatical transformations in order to avoid invective vocabulary, which often leads to the loss of text-forming dominants of the novel (the modern translation into French is such an example). Further, the importance of preserving the intertext, which reflects the author’s artistic intention, is demonstrated. The symbolic dominants of the novel are considered here in their historical and sociocultural context. It is concluded that these dominants are closely related to the collective ideas about racial differences in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Moreover, it is shown that following new language norms in translation should not violate the unity of a literary work; hence the importance of conveying the author’s intention and the historical and sociocultural context of the work. Finally, recommendations are given to translators as to finding a balance between the requirements of political correctness and adequacy of translation.

PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATING FOREIGN FILMS INTO RUSSIAN

Nowadays, film production is gaining more and more popularity among people of all ages, film production has grown into a film industry, and therefore, there is a great necessity to develop rational strategies for translating foreign films. This work is aimed at studying the issues that arise when translating the original titles of English-language films into Russian, identifying the lexical and semantic features of achieving the adequacy of literary translation. The article emphasizes the translator’s complex and important role, since in most cases the literal translation is not completely understandable to the audience and it is necessary to choose the most appropriate translation from several options. The article discusses the definition of translation, presents three types of written translation, namely word-based or interlinear, literal translation and artistic translation, its distinctive features, the difficulties of translating a literary text, analyzes the titles and phrases from the original films and presents their translation into Russian.

평생교육법 영문 번역의 적절성에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status of the English translation of the Lifelong Education Act and to draw improvements, in order to accurately deliver the original text of the Act. For this, the study intensively reviewed the following: 1) if the accurate meanings were delivered by faithfully translating the original text, 2) if the translation shows consistency with the Act, and 3) if the translation was performed appropriately, so the purpose of the original text could be naturally and easily understood. The results of the review are as follows: first, in terms of selecting correct translated terms, it would be necessary to modify the existing translated words such as ‘study’, ‘lifelong study city’, ‘lifelong study center’, ‘study vacation’, and ‘study record’. Second, in relation to the use of consistent terms, there were problems such as a discordant translation of the learning process and different translations of accreditation and recognition in each provision. Third, in relation to the matter of incomplete translation, there was the addition of unnecessary translation to some provisions. Based on the result of this study, which is an initial study reviewed the adequacy of the English translation of the Lifelong Education Act, follow-up studies are needed so that the implementation of selecting the best translation for the provision of multiple improvements will be possible. In addition, if follow-up research reveals even errors, including provisions related to lifelong education for the disabled, it would be possible to suggest the more complete English translation of the Lifelong Education Act.

The Role of the Intermediary Language in Artistic Translation

Indirect translation, as a linguistic and literary phenomenon, is of great interest in terms of linguistic, structural and linguocultural aspects of the languages involved in the translation process. Mediating or indirect translation, despite of being negatively treated both by some scholars and practical translators, remains relevant for the representation of many national literatures, including the Kazakh one. This paper is aimed at conducting a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the translation of a literary piece of fiction to assess the degree of influence of the mediating language on the adequacy and pragmatic equivalence of translation. As an empirical material the authors considered Russian and English variants of translation of the novel by well-known Kazakh writer S. Yelubay Aq Boz Yui . The analysis carried out as part of the study allowed us to come to the conclusion that the Russian translation, which is distinguished by a high degree of skill, recreates the national-historical specificity of the work. This is achieved due to the translator’s knowledge of extralinguistic information. The translation into Russian is dominated by categorical-morphological and pragmatic transformations. The English translation is characterized by lexical transformations. It was also possible to identify inconsistencies caused by structural-stylistic and linguo-culturological differences in the triad of languages under consideration.

Machine vs human translation: a new reality or a threat to professional Arabic–English translators

PurposeHow closely does the translation match the meaning of the reference has always been a key aspect of any machine translation (MT) service. Therefore, the primary goal of this research is to assess and compare translation adequacy in machine vs human translation (HT) from Arabic to English. The study looks into whether the MT product is adequate and more reliable than the HT. It also seeks to determine whether MT poses a real threat to professional Arabic–English translators.Design/methodology/approachSix different texts were chosen and translated from Arabic to English by two nonexpert undergraduate translation students as well as MT services, including Google Translate and Babylon Translation. The first system is free, whereas the second system is a fee-based service. Additionally, two expert translators developed a reference translation (RT) against which human and machine translations were compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the Sketch Engine software was utilized to examine the translations to determine if there is a significant difference between human and machine translations against the RT.FindingsThe findings indicated that when compared to the RT, there was no statistically significant difference between human and machine translations and that MTs were adequate translations. The human–machine relationship is mutually beneficial. However, MT will never be able to completely automated; rather, it will benefit rather than endanger humans. A translator who knows how to use MT will have an opportunity over those who are unfamiliar with the most up-to-date translation technology. As MTs improve, human translators may no longer be accurate translators, but rather editors and editing materials previously translated by machines.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study provide valuable and practical implications for research in the field of MTs and for anyone interested in conducting MT research.Originality/valueIn general, this study is significant as it is a serious attempt at getting a better understanding of the efficiency of MT vs HT in translating the Arabic–English texts, and it will be beneficial for translators, students, educators as well as scholars in the field of translation.

ПРОБЛЕМА НЕПЕРЕКЛАДНОСТІ, ШЛЯХИ ЇЇ ПОДОЛАННЯ У ПЕРЕКЛАДІ

The article explores definition: “translatability” and “untranslatability”, peculiarities of their translation, problems and ways of solving untranslatability. It is found out that translatability and untranslatability are psycholinguistic and ethnolinguistic adequacy of translation, which includes intellectual, psycholinguistic, cultural, philosophical factors. The participants of the process are the author of the original as a carrier of culture and the translator as an interpreter of the message. The following reasons for translatability and untranslatability are highlighted: the difference of languages, their asymmetry; the work, which is present in each language and in most cases is an indicator of identity, a method of creating a national mentality; insufficient level of prior information necessary for adequate transmission of the message of the source language. This article also described words that are not translated and have no analogue in the target language, because in the source language it covers a wide system of views on things. Expressions or lexical units that the interpreter is unable to convey are called lacunae in the scientific literature. Lacunae do not indicate the impossibility of translation, they draw attention to the lack of equivalent, taking into account social, cultural, ethnic and historical features. Examples of wordsand expressions taken from different languages that lose their cultural and mental coloring during translation are considered, as well as the use of translation transformations to adequately convey the message from the source language to the target language. The principle of choosing examples was the socio-cultural aspect. In this paper we explored the techniques and methods of translation described in the works of theorists and practitioners of translation, which are used by the translator to achieve semantic closeness of the translated text to the original text. The actual works of foreign writers are analyzed

Определение оптимальной переводческой стратегии романа Г. Д. Уэллса «Человек-невидимка»

The aim of the study is to determine the optimal translation strategy for H. G. Wells’ novel “The Invisible Man” based on a comparative analysis of expressive means and realia. The author examines the notions of translation adequacy and equivalence, translation norm. Scientific novelty of the study lies in assessing the quality of translations by the two translators D. L. Weiss and O. M. Solovyova, as a result of which the optimal translation variant has been identified. The researcher carried out a comparative analysis of translation transformations used to render stylistic figurative means and realia in the text of the novel. The translators employ such common translation methods as loan translation, transliteration, omission, transposition of lexical units and descriptive translation. As a result, it has been proved that D. L. Weiss’ translation strategy is the most optimal one, since it meets all the translation norms, conveys the writer’s idea and thoughts, emotionally influencing the reader.

Определение степени адекватности перевода поэтического текста на примере интерпретации стихотворения М. Ю. Лермонтова «Выхожу один я на дорогу» на английский язык

The aim of the research is to identify the main means of achieving adequacy and equivalence in the translation of a poetic text by the example of translating M. Yu. Lermontov’s poem “I Come out to the Path” from Russian into English, as well as to highlight the most common typological transformations in the transfer of linguocultural lexemes and phrases used by translators. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a new theoretical and practical analysis of typological transformations in the translation of poetry from Russian into English and in determining the degree of adequacy of translations when conducting a contrastive and comparative analysis of several versions of the translated text. The variants of M. Yu. Lermontov’s lyrical work interpretation by E. Sokolovsky and E. Bonver are analysed. As a result, similarities and differences in the means of linguistic expressiveness have been revealed and the degree of translation adequacy has been determined.

Модальність та переконання у рекламі: перекладацький а

The range of linguistic means and communication techniques used in advertising to influence the target group is extremely wide. The relevance of the study is in the growing interest of linguists to the problem of translation of advertising texts and slogans and the in the need of conducting of analysis of a significant number of existing translations. Advertising is a presentation of purposeful information about services and goods that has the character of persuasion. One of the most important aspects of advertising is the awakening in a potential audience of the desire to buy a product. Therefore, the vast majority of advertising must be convincing in nature in order to attract new buyers and customers to the product or idea. The purpose of our study is to analyze the features of the translation of advertising texts on the example of advertising of definite products. The following methods were used in the course of the work: 1) comparison, which allows the reader to establish the adequacy of word translation; 2) descriptive method used to show the successful translations and failures of translators. Speaking about the peculiarities of using the modality of persuasion in the advertising text, there are two ways to express it: 1) the imperative; 2) the use of statements with general motivational semantics, which is represented either in the lexical meanings of specific words, or at the level of general semantics of expression. Advertising performs several main functions, including the following ones: the central function – is the function of influence and also important communicative functions, which are divided into primary: communicative, regulatory and generalizing ones, and secondary: emotional, aesthetic, contact ones. In the group of advertising texts with the modality of persuasion, there are three subgroups: the selection criterion will be the form of expression of motivation and the role of this component in a particular ad. The attention should be paid to the advertising text in determining the role of a fragment often play a role not language but design tools, such as the location of blocks of information about each other, font size and shape, underlining, etc. All these factors help to understand which opinion is key for the author of the text. The persuasion can be defined as one of the most important ways of psychological advertising influence. The essence of this method is to convince the buyer of the benefits of the advertised product, to convince of the need to purchase it, it is aimed at the rational sphere of consciousness of the potential buyer, ie advertising appeals to his mind. Argumentation is a way of reasoning, in the process of which a benefit of the product is put forward as a thesis. And the need for an advertising thesis is proved by a system of arguments. Argument – is a separate piece of evidence that is part of the belief system, which proves the thesis. The most common method of addressing or advice is to save money or get a better service or product. The feeling that you are making a profitable purchase is a powerful means of motivation when you decide to buy something. This is such an effective method that price lists with inflated prices are often issued, and prices are much lower in advertising. In order to influence the recipient or in other words to implement the above-mentioned functions, the creators of advertising texts use various stylistic means of expression: phonetic (alliteration, onomatopoeia and rhyme), lexical (epithet, metaphor, personification, pun, hyperbole and allusion), syntactic (simple nominative propositions, parcelling, parallel constructions). Stylistic means add expressiveness to advertising, draw the recipient`s attention to the product, which is the main task of the advertising slogan.

Measurement of Pain and Related Symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The Use of Validated Pain Measurement Tools

This paper reviews the tools available to assess outcomes of treatment in irritable bowel syndrome, especially the effect on abdominal pain. Tools were identified through a wide-ranging scrutiny of PubMed and Google Scholar, together with a review of further references quoted in those publications. It critically considers their development, relevance and reliability. The Irritable Bowel Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS) was the first simple method of monitoring the progress of the disease and its treatment. It led on to other instruments, such as The Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL). It is easier to read and faster to complete than the IBS-SSS., However, these and other tools were developed for English speaking populations. This review considers the impact of ethnicity and gender, together with the lack of information on the effect of age on the potential validity of these tools in other populations. Issues with the adequacy and appropriateness of translations of such tools are discussed. The overall conclusion is that there are few tools which meet the criteria necessary to place confidence in their validity as appropriate measures of patient outcomes.

Imagery in the translations of the gazelle Nizami «Amade bud» («Came») into Azerbaijani and Russian

The subject of scientific research is the textual analysis of the translation of one of the most famous gazelles by a brilliant Azerbaijani poet Nizami Ganjavi (1141-1209) "Amade bud" ("Came") from Persian into the Azerbaijani and Russian languages. The article discusses in detail the imagery created in these translations and their adequacy to the original, as well as a comparative semantic analysis of each beit; it interprets some situational free interpretations of the original made by translators. In each beit are analyzed the concepts on which the transmission of images is built in translation into Azerbaijani and Russian which in poetic translation include size, rhythm, a number of poetic figures and other artistic means. The study was carried out with the use of theoretical-literary and comparative-analytical methods and at the junction of literary criticism and translation studies. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the research approach applied by the author in comparative analysis allows us to identify methods and means of rendering the high imagery of the primary source in translations of the classical gazelle into Azerbaijani and Russian by recognized poets-translators − Jafar Khandan (1911-1961) and Arseny Tarkovsky (1907-1989), which makes an undoubted contribution to the development of the basic translation problem − the adequacy of literary translation. Naturally, the concept of imagery in the three texts is expressed differently, due to the typological differences of the compared languages. The Azerbaijani language is agglutinative, while the Persian and Russian languages are inflective. Accordingly, in the comparative analysis all the linguistic subtleties of each language are taken into account in the process of poetic imagery creation as well as their adequacy. Also, a detailed textual conceptual comparative analysis of the poetic text of one gazelle in three languages − the original Persian and translated Azerbaijani and Russian − allows us to draw an important conclusion that an adequate translation fiction text is undoubtedly a work of art in itself that has a long-term aesthetic and substantive value, which makes the position of a number of translation scholars insisting on the need of updating translations irrelevant.