Effective Transfer Research Articles

Synthesis and design strategies of codoped titanium dioxide with band alignment and multiple reflections of incident light for efficient visible light activity

To increase the visible-light photocatalytic performance of Titania, it was codoped with specific elements and was effectively synthesized. The goal of enhancing visible-light photocatalytic performance was achieved by broadening its absorption spectrum in the visible light range and enhancing the quantum efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction toward the degradation of the hazardous dye methyl orange. Mixed phase photocatalyst with different percentage hierarchical secondary nanostructure has been synthesized by the combination of chemical bath deposition methods and hydrothermal. The density of the sprout-like branches changes from the concentration levels of titanium butoxide in the precursor solution. Based on the experimental analysis, a mechanism was proposed to interpret the evolution of the secondary growth. The band edge difference between anatase and TiO2(B) phases induces transfer of charge at the interface. The result revealed that in the TiO2 crystal some O-sites were substituted by N and S anions resulting in band mixing and incorporation of extra energy states in between the valence band maxima and conduction band minimum, which caused a shift towards longer wavelengths in the absorption edge. Compared with pure TiO2 nanobelt, the surface modified doped samples exhibited good visible light activity. The combined effect of fast charge transfer in the atomic level contact between two phases and localized N 2p and S 3p band above valence-band edge in the same material makes titanium dioxide suitable for use in the presence of visible light.

Long-Wavelength Afterglow Emission with Nearly 100% Efficiency through Space-Confined Energy Transfer in Organic-Carbon Dot Hybrid.

Long-wavelength afterglow emitters are crucial for optoelectronics and information security; however, it remains a challenge in achieving high luminescence efficiency due to the lack of effective modulation in electronic coupling and nonradiative transitions of singlet/triplet excitons. Here, we demonstrate an organic-carbon-dot (CD) hybrid system that operates via a space-confined energy transfer strategy to obtain bright afterglow emission centered at 600 nm with near-unity luminescence efficiency. Photophysical characterization and theoretical calculation confirm efficient luminescence can be assigned to the synergistic effect of intermolecular energy transfer from triplet excitons of CDs to singlets of subluminophores and the intense restraint in nonradiative decay losses of singlet/triplet-state excitons via rationally space-confined rigidification and amination modification. By utilizing precursor engineering, yellow and near-infrared afterglow centered at 575 and 680 nm with luminescence efficiencies of 94.4% and 45.9% has been obtained. Lastly, these highly emissive powders enable superior performance in lighting and information security.

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Activatable Photodynamic Therapy Against Colon Cancer by Tunable FRET Effect.

Developing activatable photodynamic agents is becoming a promising mode for realizing selective photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer treatment. However, till now only a few H2S-activatable photodynamic agents have been involved in this field. Here, we fabricated H2S-activatable nano-assemblies (P@TPPCY) for the treatment of colon cancer containing high concentration H2S. The H2S-activatable photosensitizer (TPPCY) was synthesized by covalent conjugation between tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and heptamethine cyanine (Cy7), and then TPPCY was encapsulated by an amphiphilic polymer DSPE-mPEG to form P@TPPCY nano-assemblies. We demonstrated that the photosensitizing effect of TPP was efficiently quenched by Cy7 with strong absorption in the NIR region via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect. Interestingly, the FRET effect between Cy7 and TPP was attenuated by the decrease of absorption of Cy7 in the NIR region after the Cy7 reacted with H2S, and then the photosensitizing effect of TPP in P@TPPCY was activated. Strikingly, the P@TPPCY showed efficient H2S-activatable photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vitro against HCT116 cells (human colon carcinoma cell line), thus this work provides a new method for realizing accurate treatment of colon cancer in virtue of high H2S concentration microenvironment.

Wind Rose Analysis of Temperature Variation with Sensor Implantation Technique for Wind Turbine

This study focuses on analysing the impact of seasonal variations in heat on different parts of a "wind energy system," serving as a representative mechanical system. The proposed methodology utilizes wind rose analysis, offering a straightforward means to assess heat transfer effects, applicable to any mechanical system comprising numerous small heat-dissipating components. Furthermore, this work elucidates the correlation between mechanical component performance and heat dissipation impact, providing breakdown alerts for various wind turbine components. Additionally, it analyses the influence of mechanical part temperatures on energy generation, highlighting how high temperatures can indicate component deterioration, such as bearing damage. Notably, the study focuses on wind speeds ranging from 10 to 15 m/s, a typical operational range for wind turbines. By employing wind rose charts and real-time readings, the graded heat dissipating potential of mechanical parts under various wind velocities and weather conditions is determined. Moreover, the study emphasizes the significance of heat transfer analysis in optimizing wind turbine performance, demonstrating how temperature differentials between mechanical components and the environment, along with increased surface area, affect heat transfer. The proposed analysis underscores the importance of considering heat's impact on each mechanical component in tandem with seasonal environmental temperature fluctuations. The wind rose methodology, integrated with sensor implantation, emerges as a cost-effective tool for studying -level heat variances in mechanical systems, enabling the development of heat profiles for future turbine designs and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. As heat transfer coefficient increases the wind turbine performance decrease. The heat transfer coefficient decreases 14.28% from rainy to winter season and 42.85% from winter to summer season. The wind rose analysis provides valuable insights into wind patterns and characteristics at a specific location, which can inform decision-making in various fields such as energy, construction, environmental management, and safety planning. As the turbine temperature increases the wind velocity decreases. Here it decreases 28 % from rainy to winter season.

Effects of Perceptual-Cognitive Training on Anticipation and Decision-Making Skills in Team Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Team sports require athletes' exceptional perceptual-cognitive skills, such as anticipation and decision-making. Perceptual-cognitive training in laboratories aims to enhance these abilities. However, its effectiveness in real-game performance remains controversial, necessitating a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine optimal training methods. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched databases (e.g., PubMed, WOS, Scopus, and EBSCO) for relevant studies published before November 2023, assessed study quality, extracted important characteristics, and conducted a meta-analysis using Stata 15.1. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023494324). A total of 22 quantitative studies involving 45 effect sizes were included. Perceptual-cognitive training positively influenced elite athletes' anticipation and decision-making. However, its transfer effect on real-game performance improvement (ES = 0.65) was inferior to laboratory performance improvement (ES = 1.51). Sub-group analyses indicated that the effects of training interventions varied based on stimulus presentation and intervention duration. Based on our findings, we concluded that while perceptual-cognitive training improved on-court performance, its transfer effects were limited. To maximize effectiveness, future interventions should use virtual reality to present training stimuli and incorporate participants' sport-specific responses to reflect real-game scenarios.

Understanding the Effects of Heat Transfer on the Purification of Metallurgical Silicon by Directional Solidification in Cast Furnaces

Understanding the Effects of Heat Transfer on the Purification of Metallurgical Silicon by Directional Solidification in Cast Furnaces

Analyzing Junior High School Students’ Mathematical Communication Ability and Self Esteem using Discovery Learning Model

Mathematical reasoning, mathematical communication, mathematical problem solving, conceptual understanding, mathematical understanding, creative thinking and critical thinking are part of the mathematical abilities that students must have. One of the goals of learning mathematics according to NCTM is learning to communicate (mathematical communication). Mathematical communication skills in mathematics learning really need to be developed. This type of research design uses a quasi-experimental research design, namely pretest and post-test with non-equivalent control group design . The research used research subjects into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The subjects of this research were students of class VII I MTs As-Sa'adah Padahanten Majalengka, numbering 64 people. Subjects were selected based on experimental class VIII A, 32 people and control class VIIIB, 32 people. Walkthroughs, questionnaires, and tests are techniques used in data collection. Data processing analysis was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of this research are that there is a difference in the effectiveness of the Discovery Learning model learning approach with the ordinary (conventional) learning model in terms of the aspects of mathematical communication skills and self-esteem of MTs in statistics material. The implications of the Discovery Learning learning model in this research are that it makes it easy for students to remember the lessons learned, integrate self concept according to their initial abilities, focus, be creative in exploratory projects, and the effect of knowledge transfer on learning outcomes can last a long time.

Application of a Film Model to Mass Transfer and Chemical Reaction at a Plasma-Liquid Interface

Abstract Plasma electrodes provide novel ways of conducting electrochemical processes in liquids, in particular because of the ability to generate unique reactive radical species. However, the radicals injected into the liquid and their ensuing reactions are often confined to a narrow region near the interface of the plasma and the liquid. Thus, mass transfer has been found to play an important role in the observed kinetics and a modeling framework that includes both transport and kinetics is required to interpret experimental data. Here, we apply the idea of a film model for interphase mass transfer to plasma-liquid electrochemical processes, whereby transport is described by a stagnant film that is inherently linked to the concentration boundary layer and the mass transfer coefficient. Equations that govern the transport and reaction of radicals and substrates within the film are solved assuming a quasi-steady state approximation. The model is applied to specific case studies from the literature to estimate important parameters that cannot easily be measured in experiments, such as the mass transfer coefficient. Our study shows that a film model can elucidate the effect of mass transfer on observed conversion rates and allow the intrinsic kinetics to be unraveled.

Heat and mass transfer analysis on peristaltic transport of PTT fluid with wall properties

The current study is intended to examine the effect of heat and mass transfer on the peristaltic propulsion of the Pan-Thien-Tanner fluid in a cylindrical tube with wall properties. The complexity of the system is reduced by long wavelength and low Reynolds number strategy. The physical behavior of the peristaltic motion of the PTT fluid is explained and elucidated graphically for several values of various parameters connected with this flow problem. It has been revealed that raising the Source/Sink parameter values and the Weissenberg number results in a higher velocity profile. The outcomes embrace the key to understanding the human organs' physiological fluid motion, such as the chime moment in the small intestine and esophagus.

Modelling stellar irradiances I: the transition regions of FGKM stars

ABSTRACT We employed advanced ionization equilibrium models that we developed in Dufresne et al. (2024), which include charge transfer and density effects, to model UV stellar irradiances for a sample of stars. Our sample includes $\epsilon$ Eridani (K2 V), $\alpha$ Centauri A (G2 V), Procyon (F5 V), and Proxima Centauri (M5.5 Ve). We measured line fluxes from STIS data sets and used O iv and O v as density diagnostics to find the formation pressure of ions in the transition region (TR) and adopted a simple differential emission measure (DEM) modelling. Our findings indicate significant improvements in modelling spectral lines from anomalous ions such as Si iv, C iv, and N v of the Li- and Na-like sequences, which produce the strongest lines in the UV. For example, the Si iv lines were under-predicted by a factor of 5 and now are within 40 per cent the observed fluxes. The improved models allow us to obtain for the first time reliable estimates of some stellar chemical abundances in the TR. We compared our results with available photospheric abundances in the literature and found no evidence for the first ionization potential (FIP) effect in the TR of our stellar sample. Finally, we compared our results with the solar TR that can also be described by photospheric abundances.

Metallicious: Automated Force-Field Parameterization of Covalently Bound Metals for Supramolecular Structures.

Metal ions play a central, functional, and structural role in many molecular structures, from small catalysts to metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and proteins. Computational studies of these systems typically employ classical or quantum mechanical approaches or a combination of both. Among classical models, only the covalent metal model reproduces both geometries and charge transfer effects but requires time-consuming parameterization, especially for supramolecular systems containing repetitive units. To streamline this process, we introduce metallicious, a Python tool designed for efficient force-field parameterization of supramolecular structures. Metallicious has been tested on diverse systems including supramolecular cages, knots, and MOFs. Our benchmarks demonstrate that parameters accurately reproduce the reference properties obtained from quantum calculations and crystal structures. Molecular dynamics simulations of the generated structures consistently yield stable simulations in explicit solvent, in contrast to similar simulations performed with nonbonded and cationic dummy models. Overall, metallicious facilitates the atomistic modeling of supramolecular systems, key for understanding their dynamic properties and host-guest interactions. The tool is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/duartegroup/metallicious).

Heat transfer performance optimization of turbine blade internal cooling channel with pin-fins and recessed-extruded endwalls

This paper involves implementing and optimizing a novel recessed-extruded endwall design for a rectangular cooling channel equipped with pin-fins. The study encompasses an in-depth exploration of the flow dynamics, pondering the generation and sustenance of vortices within the channel, using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis. The study delves into the evaluation of heat transfer characteristics, considering crucial parameters such as Nusselt number, friction factor, and overall heat transfer performance. These attributes are contrasted with the corresponding values observed in cases featuring flat endwalls, concerning Reynolds numbers spanning from 7400 to 36,000. A parametric study of the channel with recessed-extruded endwalls is conducted, aiming to comprehend the influence of geometric factors on channel heat transfer. A single-objective optimization process focusing on enhancing heat transfer effectiveness, quantified through the heat transfer efficiency index (HTEI), is conducted with three design variables. The results indicate that the new endwall configuration significantly enlarges the high heat transfer areas near the pin-fins compared to the flat endwall across all Reynolds numbers. This novel endwall design substantially elevates the heat transfer levels adjacent to the pin-fins, showcasing an impressive 62.4% increase in HTEI at Re = 21,500 compared to the flat endwall, with a protrusion height of 2.5% of the channel height. Furthermore, by increasing the height, the recessed-extruded endwall configuration can achieve a remarkable 91.1% increase in HTEI compared to the flat endwall. This achievement is reached with a protrusion height equivalent to 5% of the channel height at Re = 7400. Through design optimization using the radial basis neural network (RBNN) surrogate model and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique, the HTEI of the recessed-extruded endwall design shows enhancements of 91.7% and 18.0% compared with the flat endwall and reference designs, respectively, at a Reynolds number of 21,500. The present work demonstrates the potential for enhancing the heat transfer of pin-fins channels by improving endwall design.

Metalinguistic explanations and their impact on incidental grammar acquisition: An eye-movement study

Recent research highlights the value of metalinguistic explanations in facilitating second language (L2) grammar acquisition. Nevertheless, a notable research gap persists regarding how these explanations influence incidental grammar acquisition and their impact on overall reading processes and comprehension. Furthermore, whether the potentially positive effects of metalinguistic explanations transfer to the acquisition of subsequent constructions without explicit guidance is an unexplored domain. This study addresses these research gaps by recruiting 42 Korean undergraduate students and assigning them to the metalinguistic or baseline groups. The metalinguistic group read an English text supplemented with bottom-margin metalinguistic explanations, which elucidated the first half of the target grammar (without explanations for the second half), whereas the baseline group read the same text without explanations. This study used eye-tracking technology to register participants’ eye movements during reading, followed by an announced reading comprehension test and an unannounced error correction test. Statistical analyses using linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) and t-tests revealed that metalinguistic explanations significantly enhanced incidental grammar acquisition in L2 learners without compromising overall reading processes and comprehension. However, the benefits of metalinguistic explanations in the metalinguistic group failed to extend to the incidental learning of other unexplained constructions.

Machine learning-aided quantitative detection of two mixed antibiotics in a narrow concentration range based on oxygen incorporation-induced 3D SERS substrates

Amoxicillin (AMO) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) as frequently-used antibiotics are often simultaneously taken for anti-infection to protect pig and poultry production, while their effective therapeutic window is narrow. How to quantitatively detect the two antibiotics mixed in a narrow concentration range is essential to ensure their treatment efficacy and food safety. In this study, quantitative detection of AMO and CIP mixed in animal flesh in one order of magnitude concentration range was performed using a triple SERS signal amplification sensor combined with machine learning. The SERS sensor based on oxygen incorporation (Oi)-induced 3D NiO nanoflowers (NFs) coated with Ag nanoparticles included 3D hot spot effect from strong internal electromagnetic couple in NiO NFs, the Oi effect of NiO and synergistic charge transfer effect of between NiO and Ag. Based on triple enhancement effects, sensitive SERS detection of AMO and CIP was made with the limits of detection of 1 nM and 100 nM. Through the use of machine learning techniques like principal component analysis and partial least square regression, qualitative and quantitative detection of AMO and CIP in their mixture from 1.33 μM to 8.69 μM was successfully achieved, where the average proportion of absolute prediction error (p ≤ 0.15) for concentration was 98.06 %.

The near and far transfer effects of computerized working memory training in typically developing preschool children: Evidence from event-related potentials

Working memory (WM) refers to the ability to actively maintain and process information needed to complete complex tasks such as comprehension, learning, and reasoning. Recent studies have examined the efficacy of computerized working memory training (WMT) in improving cognitive functions in general and WM in particular, with mixed results. Thus, to what extent can WMT produce near and far transfer effects to cognitive function is currently unclear. This study investigated the transfer effects of a computerized WMT for preschool children and also examined the possible neural correlates using the event-related potential (ERP) technique. A total of 50 Chinese preschoolers (64.44 ± 7.76 months old; 24 girls) received 4-week training during school hours. Compared with those in the active control group, children in the training group showed better gains in behavioral performance in the WM task and significantly more changes in ERP markers of the WM and inhibitory control tasks (near transfer effect). However, no evidence was found for transfer to fluid intelligence (far transfer effect). These findings suggest that WMT is capable of enhancing cognitive functioning in preschool children, and as such this work has important implications for educational practice and it may help to design and refine cognitive interventions for typically developing children and those with WM problems or other cognitive deficits (e.g., children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder).

Computational investigation into the structure, effect of band gap energies, charge transfer, reactivity, thermal energies and NADPH inhibitory activity of a benzimidazole derivative

This work contains computational investigations of a benzimidazole derivative consisting of density functional theory, electronic structure and biological evaluation of a benzimidazole derivative. Density functional theory evaluation were conducted, starting from geometry optimisation, followed by the molecular electrostatic potential, spectral analyses, polarizability studies and thermodynamic analyses via the frequency calculations. Solvent frontier molecular orbital analyses, impact on the properties of the molecule were modelled with the IEFPCM model of solvation. Topological analyses helped to ascertain the molecule’s electronic structure. Biological assessment included pharmacokinetic property evaluation and molecular docking. Pharmacokinetic descriptors were generated using online tools and the molecule was assessed for its efficacy as a drug molecule by comparing with the rules concerning drug-likeness and analysing the descriptors relating to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity of the molecule. Docking of the molecule with the two targets, 7D3E and 3A1F, yielded a good binding energy of −7.39 and −5.81 kcal/mol respectively.

Fluorescence and colorimetric rapiddual-signal "on-off-on" switching detection of ascorbic acidbased on TSPP/DCIP.

Afluorescence and colorimetric dual-signal sensing system for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA) in complex media was developed by using 5,10,15, 20-tetrakis(4-sulfonyl) porphyrin (TSPP) as a sensing probe and sodium 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP) as a bridge. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect occurred when DCIP was added to the TSPP solution, resulting in the quenching of the fluorescence signal of TSPP and a change in the color of the solution from pink to blue. The DCIP in the system reacted with AA in a redoxreaction to produce colorless phenol imine, the color of the solution changed from blue to green causing an obvious colorimetric response, and the TSPP/DCIP sensing system's fluorescence signal restored owing to AA introduced. The fluorescence method for AAshowed good linearity in the ranges 0.08mM ~ 1mM and 1mM ~ 43.6mM with a detection limit of 6.4μM. And the colorimetric method for AAshowed excellent linearity in the range 0.46mM ~ 40.2mM with a detection limit of 76.0μM. Theconstructed "dual-signal" probe in the study has been successfully applied to the detection of AA in practical samples. The method proposed has great potential for practical applications and provides new ideas for the visual inspection of portable measurements.

Ultra-sensitive zinc cobaltate assembled on N-rich carbon nitride electrochemical sensor for the detection of paraquat in food samples

BackgroundParaquat (PQ) from agricultural waste cause contamination in water bodies, groundwater, soil, and foods has received increasing attention regarding health safety. On-site-based detection is much needed along with rapid results, selectivity and sensitivity, which can be achieved through an electrochemical-based sensor. MethodsThis work provides, an electrochemical sensor based on zinc cobaltite (ZnCo2O4) nanostructure strongly attracted through electrostatic interaction with the carbon nitride (C3N5; CN) nanosheets modified on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the determination of paraquat (PQ). The strong immobilization of ZnCo2O4 over CN2 on GCE synergistically shows excellent sensing of PQ due to high interfacial charge transfer effect. Significant findingsIn addition, the electrochemical studies were performed using CV and DPV analysis which exhibits a good limit of detection (7.6 nM) and sensitivity (0.201 µA cm-2) towards PQ detection. Furthermore, the modified electrode was applied practically in real food samples for PQ detection with excellent recoveries.

Low driving voltage and high reliability 1.54 μm electroluminescence from SnO2:Er/p-Si heterostructured devices via energy transfer effect

Low driving voltage and high reliability 1.54 <i>μ</i>m electroluminescence from SnO2:Er/<i>p</i>-Si heterostructured devices via energy transfer effect

Synchronously improving intracellular electron transfer in electron-donating bacteria and electron-accepting methanogens for facilitating direct interspecies electron transfer during anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes

Two major issues generally limit the effectiveness of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) during anaerobic digestion: 1) lack of essential electrical connection component, electrically conductive pili (e-pili) or multi-heme c-type cytochrome (MHC); 2) the thermodynamic limitations of combining electrons with protons for reducing carbon dioxide to methane. To address both issues, a strategy for facilitating DIET via combining ethanol-type fermentation pretreatment (EFP) with NaCl addition during anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes was proposed. Combining EFP with NaCl addition dramatically increased methane yield rates (531.3 ± 11.4 vs 410.5 ± 8.7 mL/gVSadded/d) and efficiencies of conversion of organic substrates to methane (571.2 ± 13.8 vs 488.7 ± 11.7 mL/gVSremoval). The increased performances by combining EFP with NaCl addition were higher than that by independent EFP or NaCl addition. Paludibacter sp., Petrimonas sp. and Syntrophomonas wolfei were the predominant and metabolically active electron-donating bacteria, and their expression of genes for e-pili/MHCs by combining EFP with NaCl addition was higher than that by independent EFP or NaCl addition. Methanothrix soehngenii and Methanoculleus bourgensis were the predominant and metabolically active electron-accepting methanogens, and their expression of genes for carbon dioxide reduction pathway for methanogenesis by combining EFP with NaCl addition was higher than that by independent EFP or NaCl addition. In addition, EFP specifically increased the transcript abundance of genes for NAD+/NADH transformation closely associated with the formation of e-pili/MHCs, while NaCl addition specifically increased the transcript abundance of genes for coenzyme F420/F420H2 transformation known to participate in reduction of carbon dioxide to methane.