Line Transect Method Research Articles

Population tendencies of Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra in four consecutive years at Basur Amruth Mahal Kaval Blackbuck Conservation Reserve, Karnataka, India

This study was carried out to ascertain the status and trends of blackbuck population (Nt) in four consecutive years from 2017 to 2020 and to investigate the causative factors taking away their livelihood in a fragile and dynamic habitat of Basur Amruth Mahal Kaval Blackbuck Conservation Reserve with an area of 7.36 km2. Our results emerged with population changes (Nt) with total of 238, 262, 277 and 296 individuals in each year respectively displaying steady state increase. Adult females increased from 136 to 189 whereas adult males (59-60) showed near stable numbers prior to increased predation chances at the habitat edges between open grassland and tall bushes where fawns might be rarely detected. The population density (Dp= 32.336 to 40.217 individuals per sq. km) showed gradual increasing trend. The dwindling blackbuck population prefers open grassland habitat with less fragmentation forces and avoid thick and tall vegetations. Population estimations of blackbuck using line transect methods in these areas with mixed vegetations containing tall shrubs (Prosopis juliflora, Dodonaeaviscosa) probably lead to biased detections. Habitat fragmentation, reduced grassland area due to invasive growth of weeds including Barleriamysorensis, overgrazing and poaching activities are the timeline issues of conservation in this area.

Jenis-Jenis Ikan di Sungai Desa Murung Panti Hilir Kecamatan Babirik

This study aims to identify what fish are found in Murung Panti Hilir Village. The type of research carried out is field research, namely research carried out by collecting data in the field. The data collection technique in sampling is purposive sampling, which is used to determine the research location point. While the sampling technique used the Line Transect method in the swamp area of the village of Murung Panti Hilir. Sampling is done by catching fish found using fishing nets or lunta tools. Installation of tools is carried out in the morning and afternoon. Each sample that is brought one by one will be documented at the place where the sample was found. After that, each sample was made into clear plastic and labeled. From the results of the research conducted, there are 12 types of fish in Murung Panti Hilir Village, Babirik District, namely Tapah Fish (Wallago leeri), Tawes Fish (Puntius javanivus), Saluang Batu Fish (Rasbora aurotaenia), Timah-Timah Fish (Panchax-Panchax), Julung-Julung Fish (Zenarchopterus buffoni), Puyau Lamah Fish (Osteochilus vittatus), Papuyu Fish (Anabas tesrudineus), Lais Tembiring Fish (Crytopterus sp.), Kelabau Fish (Osteochilus kelabau), Baung Fish (Macrones nemurus), Sanggaccompani Fish (Macroness nigriceps) ), and Nila Fish (Oreochromis niloticus).

Avian species abundance and habitat association in Makurdi metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria

Appraisal of avian species, especially in urban areas, is paramount to determining the health of the environment. The research focused on the abundance, diversity, and habitat association of avian species within and around the new bridge in Makurdi metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria. The habitats selected were: Abattoir (Ab), Oxbow Lake (Ol), and Farmland (Fl). A line transect length of 100 m was laid (1 at Ab, 2 each at Ol and Fl). The line transect method was used to identify and estimate the abundance and diversity of birds (at 06:00–09:00 hrs and 15:00–18:00 hrs) aided with binoculars for 2 consecutive days weekly in June–November 2021. The Textbook on Birds of West Africa was used for the identification of the species. The dataset was analyzed using descriptive statistics and diversity indices. The result revealed a total number of 23 species (4061 individuals) belonging to 15 families. Five species (41 individuals), 19 species (2,804 individuals), and 8 species (1,216 individuals) were recorded at Abattoir, Oxbowlake, and Farmland, respectively. Ploceus cucullatus (55.68%) was the most abundant species, while Accipitridae (12.5%) was the dominant family recorded. Variation in density varies across the habitat, with farmland (723.13) being the densest area. The diversity indices indicated that farmland (D: 0.668, H1: 1.571, and richness (2.267)) had a high value when compared to other habitats. Conservation and management of urban avian species should be encouraged to promote avi-tourism.

Evaluation of Trees Species Diversity, Abundance and Soil Physicochemical Properties of Ukpon River Forest Reserves, Cross River, Nigeria

Current status of species diversity, composition and abundance provides guidance for their management and assessment of their ecological usefulness. In this study trees species diversity, abundance and soil properties of Ukpon River Forest Reserve was assessed. Line transect method was using to establish 4 sample plots of 50 x 50 m. Data on vegetation were collected using the appropriate tool and soil samples from the plot were collected with the aid of soil auger. Tree species composition, abundance and diversity indices were estimated using the appropriate formulae and soil samples analyzed following standard methods. A total of 194 individuals in 60 species belonging to 26 families were encountered in the study area. The dominant families are Leguminaceae, Moraceae, Fabaceae, Burseraceae, Apocynaceae, Calsalpinaceace and Euphorbiaceae. The total basal area estimated for tree species was 147.615m2 with Bombax bounpozen having the highest of 11.09m2 and relative dominance (RDo) of 7.51% while Piptadeniastrum africana has the highest relative density (RD) of 7.73% and importance value index (IMI) of 15.63%. Based on their relative density, 68.34% of the trees were Rare, 18.33% Threatened or Endangered, 5% Abundant/ Occasional and 3.33% Frequent. The study had a high Shannon – Weiner index value of 3.04 and Margalef richness of 20.67 and low dominance index of 0.06. The soil properties such as Clay, Organic matter, Phosphorus, Calcium, Cation Exchangeable capacity and Base Saturation were high. The pH value of 5.77 shows the soil were moderately acidic. These properties have been shown to improve soil fertility status and moisture content needed plant growth. Although the tree species diversity in the study area was high, some species appears to have been threatened while majority were rare, sustainable conservation effort should be geared towards ensuring their continuous existence.

Diversity and Population Status of Tree Species in Bakin-Dutse of Ardo-Kola LGA, Taraba State, Nigeria

Nigerian forest resources are constantly threatened due to many anthropogenic activities and considering their importance in recycling oxygen, preventing erosion, biodiversity habitats etc. This study was carried out to determine the diversity and population status of trees. A 50km2 plot was studied using the line transect method, and the Point Centered Quartet technique was deployed to enumerate standing tree biomass. Total Height, Diameter at Breast Height and Crown cover were also measured and recorded. The results showed that 200 trees spread across fifteen (15) families and forty (40) species were identified. The Fabaceae Family had more representatives 12 (30%) while Bignoniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae, Sapotaceae, Rutaceae and Olecaceae had 1 (2.5%) representation each. Parkia biglobosa had highest abundance 37 (18.5%) while Anacardium ocidentale, Brachystegia eurycoma, Ceiba pentandra, Cocos nucifera, Combretum molle, Ficus thoninngii, Khaya senegalensis, Haematostaphis barterii, Lannea microcarpa, Limonia. acidissima, Mangifera indica, Mitragyna inermis, Nauclea latifolia, Newbouldia laevis, Psidium guajava and Tamarindus indica all recorded the least abundance of 1 (0.5%). Diversity indices of Hʹ=2.65 (North), Hʹ=2.49 (South), Hʹ=2.72 (East) and Hʹ=2.37 (West) were recorded. The results also showed that 90% of the tree species enumerated are in need of serious conservation efforts. Parkia biglobosa had the highest Importance Value (46.84%) while Psidium guajava recoded the least (2.21%). It was then concluded that trees in Bakin-dutse community of Ardo-kola LGA needs conserving, hence, we suggest that a concerted effort from Governmental Organizations, Non-Governmental Organization and the Local Community to curtail the rapid decline in the population of these important biodiversity resources.

Population Distribution of Birds of Prey in Hadejia- Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria

Birds of prey are some of the most threatened vertebrate taxa, and in the last three decades, many species have experienced severe population declines or faced extinction. Raptor decline may also lead to loss of ecosystem services, sometimes acutely impacting human well-being. Therefore, the population distribution of birds of prey demands an investigation for potential conservation interventions. The study, which was conducted between March and August of 2021, sought to map the distribution of birds of prey in Hadejia Nguru wetlands, Nigeria, to provide baseline data for their conservation. This involved moving slowly along the transect line and recording all birds seen and detected in and around the transect line. The survey was carried out for a period of six (6) months using the transect line method, and each site was surveyed twice every month during the study period. Bird observation was carried out twice daily; morning between 6:00 to 10:00 a.m. and evening between 4:00 to 6:30p.m by walking slowly along the transect line. Birds were counted as birds seen or heard. The total number of birds was calculated as the number of birds seen plus the number of birds heard. The results showed a total of 1,562 individual birds of prey that belong to twenty-four (24) species of 2 families. Accipitridae with 20 species is the richest family in species number, and Falconidae with 4 species. Public awareness should be raised to inform the local populace about the importance of these species to the environment vis-à-vis protecting the man-made structures used by the bird species.

On the abundance and occurrence of the mangrove crabs, Scylla spp. (Crustacea: Portunidae) from Munjang mangrove, Bangka Belitung Island

The mangrove ecosystem is one of the most productive ecosystems on earth. This ecosystem provides a lot of functions for the living organism inhabiting here, such as fishes, mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans, ect. The mangrove crab is one of the common crustaceans that can be found in the mangrove. This Purtunidae crab is very popular due to their role in the food chain as well as for the economic income that has a high value in the market. However, overexploitation may decrease the crab population. This study aimed to investigate the abundance and occurrence of the mangrove crabs from Munjang mangrove, Bangka Belitung Island from August 2020 to June 2021 using baited traps with the line transect method at four zones. A total of four species of mangrove crabs, Scylla olivacea, S. paramamosain, S. serrata and S. tranquebarica, were found in this location and dominated by S. serrata. Shannon diversity index (H’) was a in low category (<1), evenness index range (J) from 0.35 to 0.89, and there was dominant species in this study. The bed sediment iswas dominated by the muddy clay substratum except in zone 4 with sandy. Overall, this location is a suitable habitat for the Scylla spp. And better management is urgently needed before these crabs are exploited by humans.

Population Ecology and Possible Threats to Defassa Waterbuck (Kobus Ellipsiprymnus Defassa) in the Nechsar National Park, Ethiopia

Because of potential conflicts with humans, we investigated the population structure of waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa) in the Nechsar National Park, Ethiopia, from November 2019 to August 2020, using line transect methods. The estimated population was 118 and 104 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively, and averaged 111 (+8) or 0.23/km2. The proportion of each age group averaged 31% adult males, 45% adult females, 12% subadult males, 11% subadult females, and 2% juveniles; the large number of female individuals suggests a healthy and increasing waterbuck population. The distribution of waterbuck sightings among habitat types differed by season (χ2 = 15.97, df = 3,p<0.05). Different conservation measures should be taken to create a conducive environment for waterbuck and large park biodiversity.

Weighting estimation under bipartite incidence graph sampling

Bipartite incidence graph sampling provides a unified representation of many sampling situations for the purpose of estimation, including the existing unconventional sampling methods, such as indirect, network or adaptive cluster sampling, which are not originally described as graph problems. We develop a large class of design-based linear estimators, defined for the sample edges and subjected to a general condition of design unbiasedness. The class contains as special cases the classic Horvitz-Thompson estimator, as well as the other unbiased estimators in the literature of unconventional sampling, which can be traced back to Birnbaum et al. (1965). Our generalisation allows one to devise other unbiased estimators in future, thereby providing a potential of efficiency gains. Illustrations are given for adaptive cluster sampling, line-intercept sampling and simulated graphs.

Diversity of fauna species in the mangrove ecosystem of Youtefa Bay Tourism Park, Papua, Indonesia

Abstract. Sari A, Tuwo A, Saru A, Rani C. 2022. Diversity of fauna species in the mangrove ecosystem of Youtefa Bay Tourism Park, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4490-4500. Youtefa Bay Tourism Park is a mangrove ecosystem in Jayapura City, Papua, Indonesia with high importance for biodiversity conservation as well as providing livelihood for local communities. Yet, information regarding the biological diversity of the mangrove ecosystem is lacking. This information is important to assess the state of the mangrove and to support its sustainable management of this area. This research aimed to determine the faunistic diversity of Youtefa Bay Tourism Park. The research was conducted from August 2019 to February 2020 using line transect method with quadrant to record species and the number of individuals. The results showed that in the studied area there were six, five and 27 species of birds, reptiles and macrozoobenthos, respectively. The density of birds ranged from 2.35-23.94 ind/ha with Sterna hirundo of the Sternidae family having the highest density. The reptile species density ranged between 20 and 66.67 ind/ha, while the most common macrozoobenthos species were from Gastropoda and Pelecypoda classes. The highest and lowest relative abundance for birds were S. hirundo and Sula lencogastes with 20% and 5%, while that of reptiles were Mabouya sp. and Varanus salvadorii with 37% and 15%, and for macrozoobenthos species were Duplicaria duplicata and Solen sp. with 9.93% and 0.35%, respectively. The Diversity Index (H’) of birds, reptiles, and macrozoobenthos ranged of 0.29-1.39, 0.27-1.61, and 2.92-3.04, respectively. The diversity index was as low at Abepantai and Youtefa Bay Pier, while moderate at Tobati, Enggros, and Nafri Villages. Water quality parameters indicated that the waters in Youtefa Bay Tourism Park were still suitable for the survival of biota and the preservation of the mangrove ecosystem. The results of this study might be useful for monitoring the status of the mangrove ecosystem in the future and for baseline information in developing sustainable management of Youtefa Bay Tourism Park.

Allometric equations and wood density parameters for estimating aboveground and woody debris biomass in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests of northeast Siberia

Abstract. Boreal forests are particularly vulnerable to climate warming, which increases the occurrence of natural disturbances, such as fires and insect outbreaks. It is therefore essential to better understand climate-induced changes in boreal vegetation dynamics. This requires accurate estimates of variations in biomass across regions and time. This remains challenging in the extensive larch forests of northeast Siberia because of the paucity of allometric equations and physical properties of woody debris needed for quantifying aboveground biomass pools from field surveys. Our study is the first to present values of mean squared diameter (MSD) and specific gravity that can be used to calculate fine dead and downed woody debris loads in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests using the line-intersect sampling approach. These values were derived from field measurements collected in 25 forest stands in the Republic of Sakha, Russia, and compared with values reported for other prevalent boreal tree species. We developed allometric equations relating diameter at breast height (DBH, at 1.3 m) to stem wood, stem bark, branches, foliage, and aboveground biomass based on measurements of 63 trees retrieved from previous studies. Differences between our allometric models and existing equations were assessed in predicting larch aboveground biomass in 53 forest stands sampled in the Republic of Sakha. We found that using fine woody debris (FWD) parameters from other boreal tree species and allometric equations developed in other regions may result in significantly lower biomass estimates in larch-dominated forests of northeast Siberia. The FWD parameters and allometric equations presented in our paper can be used to refine estimates of aboveground biomass in Cajander larch forests in northeast Siberia.

Population status of house sparrow (Passer domesticus L.) and its association with native bird species in and around Dehradun City of Uttarakhand, India

Recent studies have indicated a significant decline in the population of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus L.) at the global level. In India also, the house sparrow population is being drastically decreased. Considering the issue, an attempt has been made to monitor the current status of house sparrows across Dehradun City of Uttarakhand from 2017 to 2019. The line transect method was used for bird surveys in the three habitats (high-density urban area, low-density urban area, and suburban area). The results showed that the population of house sparrows was significantly higher in the suburban area (84.19 ± 8.05) as compared to those in high-density (12.75 ± 2.02) and low-density (42.97 ± 4.74) urban areas. Similarly, the number of active nests was also found higher in a suburban area as compared to other areas. Additionally, a total of 87 co-occurring avian species were observed in the study area with maximum avian diversity reported in low-density (H = 2.85) followed by suburban (H = 2.67) and high-density urban areas (H = 2.12) respectively. This study suggested that the regular monitoring of house sparrows and co-occurring avian species is important to understand the population trend of the house sparrow in the study area.

ASSESSMENT OF THE CORAL REEF HABITATS, DAMAGE INDICATORS AND CORALS-REEF FISH RELATIONSHIP IN WADI EL-GEMAL NATIONAL PARK, RED SEA, EGYPT

Because of the pivotal role of the substrate composition in the ecological state of coral reef communities, the present study was attempted to investigate the substrate cover, coral reefs, and reef fishes in the marine ecosystem of the Wadi El-Gemal National Park (WGNP), Red Sea, Egypt. The surveys were conducted in the Spring and Autumn of 2015 by SCUBA diving and/or snorkeling. We applied the Point, Line, and Belt Intercept Transect (PIT, LIT and BLT) methods, to assess the state and forms of the substrate, through a quantitative assessment of the fundamental components of the benthic cover. A quantitative assessment was conducted on five main benthic categories at WGNP; hard corals, soft corals, dead corals, sand, and rocks. Six invertebrate groups; banded coral shrimp, sea urchin, sea cucumber, the crown of thorn, giant clam, and Drupella sp. were also investigated. The study showed that, while there was no significant difference between sites in the benthic structure and cover, sites were different in the cover of hard coral, the abundance of benthic invertebrates, and the abundance of reef fishes. We also, assessed the status of eight impact indicators of reef damage (or damage indication categories); old dead, recently dead, total bleached, partial bleached, diseased, broken, fragments, and recruitments of corals at the marine protected area as well as investigated the coral reef/reef fish community relationship. Among the eight reef impact indicators that were assessed in the current study, the old dead corals showed the highest cover of the substrate. In the same context, the cover of the diseased colonies was lower than other categories in the area of the study. The study also indicated that increasing hard coral cover in the study area had strongly affected the abundance of reef fishes. Nevertheless, the abundance of reef fishes was found to be increased with the increase of the hard coral cover (P < 0.05, r = 0.8), and this trend was attained by all reef fish families, the highest sites in coral cover and fish abundance were: Hnakourab, Wadi Lahmy and Sharm El-Luli (32, 28 and 25%, and 9, 11 and 6 mean number of fish/20 m transect), respectively. Positive correlation between the hard coral cover and fish abundance was detected as well. Acanthuraidae displayed the highest mean number of individuals (53.25/20 m belt transect). The study concluded that there is a need to perform a periodic assessment of the benthic cover of the main components of coral reef communities. Also, the study emphasized the role of benthic substrate structure and cover in the reef fish ecology.

Population trends and viability of the critically endangered Cozumel Curassow: a 25-year perspective

ABSTRACT The Cozumel Curassow (Crax rubra griscomi) is a critically endangered endemic bird from Cozumel Island, Mexico. After it was believed to be extinct, it was rediscovered in 1994. Its population status was assessed in 1994–1995, and later in 2005, predicting a population decline over the next four decades. A new evaluation of its population size was carried out in 2017 and 2019. Some of the main factors that affect the population size of this cracid were identified with a generalized linear model. With a line transect sampling effort over 360 km, a population size of 499 ± 172 individuals was estimated in the tropical semi-deciduous forest occurring in the island, which was slightly higher compared to previous population evaluations. The distance to water bodies was significantly associated with the population size of the Cozumel Curassow, as well as the abundance of some species of fauna and flora. By modeling various scenarios, population viability was assessed over a period of 100 years, predicting a relatively stable population size with great variability depending on scenarios. However, as estimated in previous studies, given its small population size and continued threats, the Cozumel Curassow continues to be endangered.

Marine Debris Management in the Parangtritis Beach Tourism Area, Yogyakarta During Covid-19 Pandemic

Parangtritis Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is one of the most visited tourist destinations for domestic and international tourists. These tourists are required to carry out health protocols by wearing masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. The high number of visits is linear with the generation of waste in tourist areas. Marine debris is defined as any solid material that settles, dumps, or is dumped, dumped, or disposed of in the marine and coastal environment. Efficient management of marine debris is a coordinated strategic approach to dealing with problems and inefficient law enforcement to improve the preservation of the marine environment. This study aimed to analyze the composition, characteristics, and management of marine debris in the Parangtritis Beach area during the COVID-19 pandemic. The amount of waste generated during the pandemic was recorded at 0.9 kg/m2.day. Sampling is carried out using the line transect method. The composition of waste consists of PET, PE, other plastics, biodegradable organics, and masks, each of which is 17.86%, 32.54%, 6.85%, 37.61% and 5.14%. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, mask waste has become waste that has a new category, namely infectious. The characteristics of marine debris other than organic biodegradable tend to have a high calorific value so that it is possible to be processed by thermal processes. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), (Polyethylene) PE, and mask waste can be decomposed at a temperature of 260-550°C. Organic waste has been managed by processing Black Soldier Fly (BSF), while plastic waste can be processed into handicraft products. In contrast, the remaining plastic waste and masks are processed by a thermal process to allow waste to energy.

Bird species composition, density and feeding guilds in contrasting lowland dipterocarp forests of Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia

A study was conducted to determine the species composition, density and feeding guild of birds at Tasik Kenyir and Setiu, Terengganu between June and September 2017 using line transect method. Observations of birds at Tasik Kenyir and Setiu recorded a total of 297 individuals consisting of 26 families from 64 species. This study estimated that the diversity of birds at Tasik Kenyir (H’ = 3.6) was higher compared to Setiu (H’ = 2.9). However, the density of birds at Setiu (52.05 ± 9.09 SE individuals/ha) was higher than Tasik Kenyir (37.56 ± 10.28 SE individuals/ha). Ten feeding guilds of birds were identified in this study; insectivore, nectarivore, frugivore, omnivore, carnivore, granivore, insectivore-nectarivore, insectivore-frugivore, insectivore-granivore and frugivore-granivore. This study has provided valuable information on the bird assemblage and the understanding on the distribution of birds at Tasik Kenyir and Setiu. It is highly recommended that further studies to be conducted at both sites with more sampling efforts in order to gain a more comprehensive baseline datasets for monitoring bird population trends and turnover between habitats.

The Structure of Bivalvian Community in The Coast of Elak Elak Beach, West Sekotong, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara As An Enrichment of Invertebrate Animal Material for Senior High School Students

Elak elak beach has a sea and a coast with a substrate texture that is very suitable as a habitat for Mollusca including bivalves. Bivalves have many roles for the environment, especially in providing food for various other species in the food chain and can be used to determine water quality. This study aims to determine the community structure and distribution pattern of bivalves in Elak Elak Beach and to see student responses to booklets. The method used in this research is the line transect and quadratic method. The results of the study of the bivalves class molluscs found in the Elak Elak Coastal Coast consisted of 11 species belonging to 7 families. The species consists of Anadara gubernaculum, Anadara granosa, Gafrarium dispar, Glycymeris pectunculus, Liconcha ornata, Lucinoma heroica, Mactra grandis, Mactra nitida, Mactra ornata, Donax faba and Trachycardium flavum. The relative abundance reaches 40% where the highest abundance of bivalves is species Mactra grandis with a relative abundance value of 39.39%. The categories of diversity (H') are medium and uniformity (E) is high, and inversely proportional to the dominance value (C) is low. The structure of the bivalves community based on abundance, diversity, uniformity and dominance that has been studied shows the condition of the West Sekotong Elak Elak Beach, West Lombok district, it can be concluded that the community structure is still in normal condition. The distribution pattern of Bivalves on Elak Elak Beach, West Sekotong is divided into 2 types, namely there are uniform and clustered which are seen based on the calculated value of the Morisita dispersion index. Students' responses to booklets are that students respond very well and students are also very positive in responding to booklets as material enrichment about invertebrate animals for senior high school students.

KAJIAN ETNOBOTANI HUTAN OLEH MASYARAKAT SEKITAR KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG MBELILING DESA WAE LOLOS KECAMATAN SANO NGGOANG, KABUPATEN MANGGARAI BARAT

The use of forest ethnobotany in the form of medicinal plants by the people of Wae Lolos Village, Sano Nggoang District, West Manggarai Regency has long been used as an alternative to traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the types of medicinal plants used by the community based on the type of disease. The method used is vegetation analysis using the transect line method, as many as 81 plots with plot sizes of 20 x 20 m, 10 x 10 m, 5 x 5 m and 2 x 2 m. The data collected is primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews with 3 key informants who were determined by Snowball Sampling to determine the use of various types of medicinal plants by the community around the Mbeliling protected forest area and direct observation by conducting a vegetation analysis while secondary data were obtained in the form of data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of West Manggarai Regency and data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of West Manggarai Regency. from the Wae Lolos Village Office. Based on the results of the study, there were 27 types of medicinal plants in the Mbeliling Protected Forest Area. The results of the analysis at the seedling level of medicinal plants obtained 23 species of medicinal plants with the highest IVI of 26.42%, the sapling level obtained 12 species of medicinal plants with the highest IVI of 35.75%, the pole level obtained 10 species of medicinal plants with the highest IVI of 55.76% and tree level obtained 9 types of medicinal plants with the highest IVI 62.76%. The most common types of medicinal plants used to cure diabetes are 14% and the lowest are cough, liver, back pain, malaria, ulcers, stomach, gout, migrant cysts, syphilis, ulcers, flue, stomachache, infertility, epilepsy. and seizures with a percentage of 4%.

Co-Management pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di Desa Langge Kecamatan Anggrek Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara

Mangroves are one of the important ecosystems that are currently being damaged. This research aimed to 1) determine the existing condition of Langge Village's mangroves and their utilization, 2) analyze stakeholders, the influence and mapping of co-management, and 3) analyze the form of co-management, roles, and responsibilities of stakeholders towards mangrove management in Langge Village. This research was conducted in August-November 2021. Mangrove vegetation data was collected using the line transect method; while the stakeholder data collection is done by open interviews. The data obtained from mangrove vegetation are frequency and density; while the stakeholders are in the form of interests, influence, implementation of co-management, and the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders. Based on this study, 16 species of true mangroves were found at 3 observation stations from Avicennia, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Rhizophora, Sonneratia, and Xylocarpus groups. Mangrove management in Langge Village is at the Advisory Committee stage or the advocacy stage.Keywords: Co-Management; management; mangrove; stakeholders

Analisis kondisi eksisting struktur komunitas mangrove Kawasan Pesisir Bolihutuo Kabupaten Boalemo Provinsi Gorontalo

This study aimed to determine the existing condition of mangroves located in one of the coastal areas of Tomini Bay, precisely on the coast of Bolihutuo Village, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province. The Data collection was carried out from August to September 2021. The procedures include the biophysical sampling of mangroves using the plot line transect method at three stations to distinguish the tree and saplings growth level of mangroves and their environmental conditions, also the extent area digitized from the google earth images. The results show that there are ten species as the richness of species occupying 60.61 ha of this mangrove forest with a salinity range of 21.33 ppt - 22.44 ppt. In general, the diversity of mangrove species in this area has a low category (H'<1). Furthermore, the results of the analysis of ecological development through the important value (IVI) record that R. stylosa was the dominant species at the tree level (112.69%) and sapling (62.14%), with different co-dominance, namely R. mucronata for the tree level (66.99%) and C. decandra at the sapling level (38.94%). The dominance of R. stylosa is supported by the basal area of their tree, which ranges from 0.98 - 1.22 m2. Overall, the relative frequency values between categories of all species ranged from 5.56 - 16.67% (saplings) and 5.26 - 15.79% (trees), while the relative density ranged from 0.46% - 45.48% (saplings) and 0.63% - 54.40% (trees).Keywords: Mangrove patch; Dominant rank, IVI, Species richness; R. stylosa