Transcultural Studies Research Articles

Global Epigraphy: The Scholarship on Inscriptions of Eurasia from Antiquity to the Early Modern Period

medieval worlds provides a forum for comparative, interdisciplinary and transcultural studies of the Middle Ages. Its aim is to overcome disciplinary boundaries, regional limits and national research traditions in Medieval Studies, to open up new spaces for discussion, and to help developing global perspectives. We focus on the period from c. 400 to 1500 CE but do not stick to rigid periodization. medieval worlds is open to submissions of broadly comparative studies and matters of global interest, whether in single articles, companion papers, smaller clusters, or special issues on a subject of global/comparative history. We particularly invite studies of wide-ranging connectivity or comparison between different world regions. Apart from research articles, medieval worlds publishes ongoing debates and project and conference reports on comparative medieval research. Table of Contents Uses of the Past in Times of Transition: Forgetting, Using and Discrediting the Past Introduction. Making the Past in Late and Post-Carolingian Historiography Maximilian Diesenberger The Church as a Governance Actor in a Period of Post-Imperial Transition: Delegation of Fiscal Rights and Legal Change in 10th-century Churraetia Stefan Esders Understanding the Church’s Past: Usuard’s Martyrology in Tenth-and Eleventh-century England Sarah Hamilton Creating an »Orthodox« Past: Georgian Hagiography and the Construction of a Denominational Identity Emma Loosley Leeming Using the Carolingian Past in a Society of Transformation: The Case of Early Medieval Septimania/Catalonia in the Long Tenth Century (900-1050) Matthias M. Tischler Uses of the Past in Early Medieval Iberia (Eighth-Tenth Centuries) Jorge Elices Ocón and Eduardo Manzano Moreno Royal Marriage, Frankish History and Dynastic Crisis in Regino of Prüm’s Chronicle Eric J. Goldberg and Simon MacLean Negotiating the Roman Past in Later Tenth-century Armenia Tim Greenwood Aitire, 人質, тали, όμηρος, رهن , obses: Hostages, Political Instability, and the Writing of History c. 900-c. 1050 CE Alice Hicklin Approaches to Global Epigraphy, I Global Epigraphy: The Scholarship on Inscriptions of Eurasia from Antiquity to the Early Modern Period Andreas Rhoby, Veronika Scheibelreiter-Gail and Andreas Zajic Archaeological Contexts of Inscriptions in the Private Sphere: The Mosaic Inscriptions of a villa rustica in Skala/Cephalonia Elisabeth Rathmayr and Veronika Scheibelreiter-Gail Inscriptions in Areas of Historical Western Tibet (mNga’ ris skor gsum) in their Contexts: A Brief Overview with Selected Examples Christian Jahoda Byzantine Connections History and Exegesis in the Itinerarium of Bernard the Monk (c. 867) Daniel Reynolds

The Transcultural Projections of the Strategies of Global Integration of the Contemporary Multicultural Societies

The article deals with the innovative theoretical problems related to the research of the prospects for the further development of the integrative multicultural practices and the harmonization of intercultural communications in the multicultural societies of the modern world under economic, political, and cultural globalization. The author presents the characteristic of the conceptual evolution of the idea of ​​multicultural coexistence and analyses the cognitive potential of the concepts of acculturation and cultural diffusion in the cultural and sociological studies. The scientific significance of generalization of the specialized knowledge concerning the real practices of realization of the multicultural projects into the processes of organizing the social order of modern societies under the contexts of increasing the global social movements of the forced and voluntary character of various ethnocultural groups and communities is argued. The article substantiates the need for wider use in scientific studies the concept of transculturalism which has distinct perspectives to become an effective methodological tool to provide the non-violent coexistence of interacting ethnocultural communities presenting different national-states and regional unions. The author identifies specific problematic complexes of transcultural studies paying attention: 1) to the problem of basic determinants that restrict the global universalism of multicultural politics; 2) to the problem of identification of the most conflicting spheres of the contemporary multicultural world; 3) to the problems of the integrative potential of new socio-cultural phenomena. Further scientific researches will contribute to the creation of a new conceptual model of the transcultural integration of contemporary societies.

Cross-Cultural Psychometric Properties of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) is considered the gold standard measure of depression. The factor structure of the HDRS is generally unstable, but 4 to 8 items appear to form a general depression factor. As transcultural studies of the HDRS have received little attention, and as most of the studies have taken a data-driven approach with a tendency to yield fragmented results, it is not clear if an HDRS general depression factor can also be found in non-Western populations. This is an important issue in deciding on the appropriateness of the scale as a gold standard in transcultural psychiatry. A systematic review was carried out to compare previously reported factor structures of the HDRS in non-Western cultures. Overlapping clusters across studies were identified and subsequently tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of responses from an independent sample. Fourteen relevant studies were identified, 12 of which were obtained. A general depression factor was identified, consisting of the following symptoms: depressed mood, guilt, loss of interests, retardation, suicide, and psychological anxiety. The subsequent CFA analysis supported the fit of this model. This study indicates that a general depression cluster is manifest in responses to the HDRS across cultures. While psychometric properties of the full-length HDRS are still debated, the general depression cluster appears pertinent to the assessment of depression across cultures. We recommend that cross-cultural clinicians and researchers focus on the use of unidimensional depression scales, which are in agreement with this cluster.

Skepticism and pharmacophobia toward medication may negatively impact adherence to psychiatric medications: a comparison among outpatient samples recruited in Spain, Argentina, and Venezuela.

BackgroundCultural differences in attitudes toward psychiatric medications influence medication adherence but transcultural studies are missing. The objective of this study was to investigate how attitudes and beliefs toward psychotropic medications influence treatment adherence in psychiatric outpatients in Spain, Argentina, and Venezuela.MethodsA cross-sectional, cross-cultural psychopharmacology study was designed to assess psychiatric outpatients’ attitudes toward their prescribed medication. Patients completed the Drug Attitude Inventory – 10 Item (DAI-10), the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire – Specific Scale (BMQ-Specific), the Sidorkiewicz adherence tool, and sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires. The study included 1,291 adult psychiatric outpatients using 2,308 psychotropic drugs from three Spanish-speaking countries, the Canary Islands (Spain) (N=588 patients), Argentina (N=508), and Venezuela (N=195).ResultsThe univariate analyses showed different mean scores on the DAI-10 and the BMQ – Necessity and Concerns subscales but, on the other hand, the percentages of non-adherent and skeptical patients were relatively similar in three countries. Argentinian patients had a very low level of pharmacophobia. Multivariate analyses (logistic regression and chi-squared automatic interaction detector segmentation) showed that pharmacophobia in general and skepticism about specific medications (high concern about adverse reactions and low belief in their necessity) were associated with non-adherence. Pharmacophobia was the major factor associated with non-adherence (Spain and Venezuela) but when pharmacophobia was rare (Argentina), skepticism was the most important variable associated with non-adherence.ConclusionPsychiatric patients’ attitudes and beliefs about their psychiatric treatment varied in these three Spanish-speaking countries, but pharmacophobia and skepticism appeared to play a consistent role in lack of adherence.

‘International Symposium on Translingual and Transcultural Studies’, AHRC Open World Research Initiative, Cross-Language Dynamics: Reshaping Community, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 21–23 March 2018

‘International Symposium on Translingual and Transcultural Studies’, AHRC Open World Research Initiative, Cross-Language Dynamics: Reshaping Community, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 21–23 March 2018

The Borderland of Fear: Vincennes, Prophetstown, and the Invasion of the Miami Homeland by Patrick Bottiger

Reviewed by: The Borderland of Fear: Vincennes, Prophetstown, and the Invasion of the Miami Homeland by Patrick Bottiger Dawn G. Marsh The Borderland of Fear: Vincennes, Prophetstown, and the Invasion of the Miami Homeland. By Patrick Bottiger. Borderlands and Transcultural Studies. ( Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2016. Pp. xxii, 244. $50.00, ISBN 978–0-8032–5484-8.) Every fall the denizens of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, celebrate two noteworthy events in their county's history: the Feast of the Hunter's Moon and the battle of Tippecanoe. Celebrants are invited to experience their state's valiant past as reenactors play out their interpretations of life in a French trading fort or of fife-playing, costumed militiamen bravely marching from the burned cabins of an imagined Prophetstown in 1811. Visitors pay for the chance to eat rabbit stew, watch military maneuvers, and admire costumes near the site of the eighteenth-century Fort Ouiatenon. Later in the season, visitors solemnly lay wreaths at the Tippecanoe battlefield in praise of the noble dead and envision William Henry Harrison's charge against the Shawnee Prophet Tenskwatawa's ill-fated warriors. Both events demand that we embrace the performance of the historical narrative that Patrick Bottiger justly challenges us to revisit in The [End Page 148] Borderland of Fear: Vincennes, Prophetstown, and the Invasion of the Miami Homeland. Bottiger asks readers to reconsider the histories of Prophetstown and the battle of Tippecanoe and to look beyond the framework of competing Indian and American nationalisms. By framing Prophetstown's founding through a nativist/accommodationist lens, historians risk "situating all Indians within the context of American nationalism" (p. xv). The author begins his study by asking readers to look "east from Miami country" and consider the western Ohio River Valley as a borderland wherein power was contested between Native and non-Native peoples and where the Miami people expressed their sovereignty beyond the more easily recognized boundaries of nation, state, and empire. Bottiger argues that there were, in a sense, two Prophetstowns. One was a vibrant, multiethnic town established by the followers of Tenskwatawa. It was nominally governed by the Prophet, and its core group of residents was composed of Ho-Chunks, Potawatomies, Kickapoos, and Shawnees. The other Prophetstown was created by the factionalized Americans, Miamis, and French who demonized the town. This Prophetstown, which Bottiger represents as a vortex of frontier violence and regional economic instability, was created by the rampant lies and rumors of those who were most threatened by its existence. He argues that this second imagined version of the settlement anchors the erroneous narrative that reenactors and modern scholars alike have embraced. As Richard White states on the back cover of The Borderland of Fear, Bottiger's research tells us that "[m]uch of what we know about Prophetstown … is a lie." The Borderland of Fear is at its best when it delves into the local and regional details that are often overlooked and disassociated from the Tippecanoe narrative. The changing circumstances of the Miami people and their decentralized political culture are presented in a nuanced interpretation that foils any attempt to dismiss Native leaders such as Little Turtle and Pacanne as agents of accommodation in the face of inevitable American expansion. Similarly, the volatile frontier politics of proslavery and antislavery factions emanating from Vincennes, Indiana, and William Henry Harrison's ineffectual leadership are thoroughly presented. The pivotal role of political factions in Vincennes and of the conjured threat of Prophetstown upends much of the current scholarship on the subject. Bottiger's research is thorough, and the narrative is clean and to the point. There are some redundancies in the chapters that better editing might have avoided. Also, the author discusses Miami women somewhat superficially and does not sufficiently scrutinize the roles of American and French women in Vincennes and the Indiana Territory, rendering them almost completely invisible. While The Borderland of Fear is a much-needed corrective to the mythologized narrative of the region, we will have to wait for a more fully integrated history that includes the Indian, American, and French women whose stories remain untold. [End Page 149] Dawn G. Marsh Purdue University Copyright © 2018 The Southern Historical...

Editor’s Preface

medieval worlds provides a forum for comparative, interdisciplinary and transcultural studies of the Middle Ages. Its aim is to overcome disciplinary boundaries, regional limits and national research traditions in Medieval Studies, to open up new spaces for discussion, and to help developing global perspectives. We focus on the period from c. 400 to 1500 CE but do not stick to rigid periodization. medieval worlds is open to submissions of broadly comparative studies and matters of global interest, whether in single articles, companion papers, smaller clusters, or special issues on a subject of global/comparative history. We particularly invite studies of wide-ranging connectivity or comparison between different world regions. Apart from research articles, medieval worlds publishes ongoing debates and project and conference reports on comparative medieval research. Editor’s Preface Walter Pohl and Ingrid Hartl World Literature is Trans-Imperial: A Medieval and a Modern Approach Christian Høgel The Global Eminent Life: Sixth-Century Collected Biographies from Gregory of Tours to Huijiao of Jiaxiang Temple James T. Palmer The Aristotle of Pippin III. Greek Books Sent to the Frankish Court (ca. 758 AD) Christian Gastgeber Biblical Elements and the ‘Other’ in the Chronicon regum Legionensium Patrick S. Marschner “The messenger is the place of a man’s judgment”: Diplomacy between Emperors and Caliphs in the Tenth Century Courtney Luckhardt The Geopolitics on the Silk Road: Resurveying the Relationship of the Western Türks with Byzantium through Their Diplomatic Communications Li Qiang and Stefanos Kordosis Project Reports Dynamics in Buddhist Transfer in Eastern Central Asia 6th-14th Centuries: A Project Report BuddhistRoad Team Mobility, Empire and Cross-Cultural Contacts in Mongol Eurasia (MONGOL) Michal Biran Greek into Arabic. Philosophical Concepts and Linguistic Bridges Cristina D’Ancona, Gerhard Endress and Andrea Bozzi Writing the History of Aristotelian Logic During the Long Ninth Century. Some Remarks and Preliminary Results Christophe Erismann The THESIS Project Monica Brinzei Origins of the Vernacular Mode: Medieval Theology, Politics and Religious Identities Pavlína Rychterová

The THESIS Project

medieval worlds provides a forum for comparative, interdisciplinary and transcultural studies of the Middle Ages. Its aim is to overcome disciplinary boundaries, regional limits and national research traditions in Medieval Studies, to open up new spaces for discussion, and to help developing global perspectives. We focus on the period from c. 400 to 1500 CE but do not stick to rigid periodization. medieval worlds is open to submissions of broadly comparative studies and matters of global interest, whether in single articles, companion papers, smaller clusters, or special issues on a subject of global/comparative history. We particularly invite studies of wide-ranging connectivity or comparison between different world regions. Apart from research articles, medieval worlds publishes ongoing debates and project and conference reports on comparative medieval research. Editor’s Preface Walter Pohl and Ingrid Hartl World Literature is Trans-Imperial: A Medieval and a Modern Approach Christian Høgel The Global Eminent Life: Sixth-Century Collected Biographies from Gregory of Tours to Huijiao of Jiaxiang Temple James T. Palmer The Aristotle of Pippin III. Greek Books Sent to the Frankish Court (ca. 758 AD) Christian Gastgeber Biblical Elements and the ‘Other’ in the Chronicon regum Legionensium Patrick S. Marschner “The messenger is the place of a man’s judgment”: Diplomacy between Emperors and Caliphs in the Tenth Century Courtney Luckhardt The Geopolitics on the Silk Road: Resurveying the Relationship of the Western Türks with Byzantium through Their Diplomatic Communications Li Qiang and Stefanos Kordosis Project Reports Dynamics in Buddhist Transfer in Eastern Central Asia 6th-14th Centuries: A Project Report BuddhistRoad Team Mobility, Empire and Cross-Cultural Contacts in Mongol Eurasia (MONGOL) Michal Biran Greek into Arabic. Philosophical Concepts and Linguistic Bridges Cristina D’Ancona, Gerhard Endress and Andrea Bozzi Writing the History of Aristotelian Logic During the Long Ninth Century. Some Remarks and Preliminary Results Christophe Erismann The THESIS Project Monica Brinzei Origins of the Vernacular Mode: Medieval Theology, Politics and Religious Identities Pavlína Rychterová

Writing the History of Aristotelian Logic During the Long Ninth Century

medieval worlds provides a forum for comparative, interdisciplinary and transcultural studies of the Middle Ages. Its aim is to overcome disciplinary boundaries, regional limits and national research traditions in Medieval Studies, to open up new spaces for discussion, and to help developing global perspectives. We focus on the period from c. 400 to 1500 CE but do not stick to rigid periodization. medieval worlds is open to submissions of broadly comparative studies and matters of global interest, whether in single articles, companion papers, smaller clusters, or special issues on a subject of global/comparative history. We particularly invite studies of wide-ranging connectivity or comparison between different world regions. Apart from research articles, medieval worlds publishes ongoing debates and project and conference reports on comparative medieval research. Editor’s Preface Walter Pohl and Ingrid Hartl World Literature is Trans-Imperial: A Medieval and a Modern Approach Christian Høgel The Global Eminent Life: Sixth-Century Collected Biographies from Gregory of Tours to Huijiao of Jiaxiang Temple James T. Palmer The Aristotle of Pippin III. Greek Books Sent to the Frankish Court (ca. 758 AD) Christian Gastgeber Biblical Elements and the ‘Other’ in the Chronicon regum Legionensium Patrick S. Marschner “The messenger is the place of a man’s judgment”: Diplomacy between Emperors and Caliphs in the Tenth Century Courtney Luckhardt The Geopolitics on the Silk Road: Resurveying the Relationship of the Western Türks with Byzantium through Their Diplomatic Communications Li Qiang and Stefanos Kordosis Project Reports Dynamics in Buddhist Transfer in Eastern Central Asia 6th-14th Centuries: A Project Report BuddhistRoad Team Mobility, Empire and Cross-Cultural Contacts in Mongol Eurasia (MONGOL) Michal Biran Greek into Arabic. Philosophical Concepts and Linguistic Bridges Cristina D’Ancona, Gerhard Endress and Andrea Bozzi Writing the History of Aristotelian Logic During the Long Ninth Century. Some Remarks and Preliminary Results Christophe Erismann The THESIS Project Monica Brinzei Origins of the Vernacular Mode: Medieval Theology, Politics and Religious Identities Pavlína Rychterová

David Must Fall! Decentring the Renaissance in Contemporary and Transcultural Italian Studies

Through a focus on the Florentine Renaissance, and especially one of its most extraordinary icons, Michelangelo’s David, the authors provide two complementary reflections on how the banal and globalised understanding of the Italian Renaissance as the cradle of Western modernity and civilisation impacts on transcultural Italian Studies. The authors are interested in reflecting on how the pervasiveness of an often-idealised and stereotypical fantasy of the Italian and Florentine Renaissance might be challenged. Thus, this is not an article on how to study, research and write about the history of the Renaissance. Rather, the aim is to provide two self-reflective pieces on how scholars working on contemporary, transcultural and transnational Italies might deal with the pervasive idealisation of Italian cultural heritage in contemporary mass culture.

The Transcultural Representation of Saharawi Music by Mariem Hassan and Nubenegra Records

This article examines the process of representation, dissemination, and commodification of Hassan’s music out of the Saharawi refugee camps of the Hamada desert in Algeria through its interaction with a Western record label, Nubenegra, between 2005 and 2012. Through the use of transcultural studies, this article examines both the interaction between Hassan and Nubenegra during the production of the Saharawi artist’s albums Deseos (2005) and Shouka (2010), and how Nubenegra represents Saharawi music through Hassan’s albums in the music industry. This article reveals how the transcultural representation of Saharawi musical culture through Hassan’s music in the West is powerfully negotiated by external agents such as a Western record label and the music industry.

Case Study of An Adopted Chinese Woman with Bulimia Nervosa: A Cultural and Transcultural Approach.

SummaryFor a long time, eating disorders were considered as culture-bound syndromes, specific to Western countries. This theory has been refuted for anorexia, but few transcultural studies have been carried out on bulimia nervosa. As a result, knowledge concerning this disorder is limited. On the basis of a clinical case involving a bulimic Chinese girl, we attempt to demonstrate the impact of cultural factors on the disorder. We discuss the atypical characteristics of her symptom profile, in particular the absence of preoccupations concerning her appearance and the psycho-pathological impact of the secrecy surrounding her adoption. In this particular case, bulimia triggered a search for filiation and identity that could have later enabled her to restore harmonious family ties and to gain autonomy. We also examine the case in the context of adoption in China. This clinical case points out how important it is to take cultural factors into account and how useful a transcultural approach is in order to understand bulimia, and suggest effective methods of care.

Sinology: Chinese Intellectual History and Transcultural Studies

In this article I attempt to identify some methodological connections between Chinese intellectual history and transcultural studies in Euro-American academia. I will focus on one shared methodological point: the critique of so-called “methodological nationalism,” that is, of the assumption (explicit or not) that the nation is the ultimate framework for research. Although this critique is a constitutive principle of transcultural studies, and it only represents a particular, and not necessarily mainstream, approach in Chinese intellectual history, the two fields have developed a shared agenda in this regard. In order to explain the tensions and convergences, I will first offer a quick historical overview of the two fields. First, I will focus on the contrast between old and new uses of the concept of “transcultural”; then I will contextualize Chinese intellectual history within the longer history of classical sinology and area studies. After this overview, I will explain their respective relations towards methodological nationalism and give evidence, in their recent history, of some intersecting points between the two.

Aspects culturels et transculturels des troubles du comportement alimentaire chez des adolescentes et jeunes adultes chinoises

BackgroundEating disorders were long considered as a culture-bound syndrome specific to western countries. However, studies reported results for anorexia in other cultural areas such as China, where its prevalence and incidence is rising. This suggests that anorexia is rather a culture-change syndrome arising during fast sociocultural changes. Adaptation to those changes may contribute to the increasing prevalence of eating disorders. Furthermore, transcultural psychiatrists consider that acculturation and culture clash (conflict between different cultural models) are risk factors for developing eating disorders; but they are less transcultural studies about bulimia. Clinical cases of eating disorders studied around the world showed a great variability in symptoms and psychopathology. Therefore, the role of cultural played and transcultural factors in the increase in eating disorders needs to be defined. Method and populationBased on a qualitative study of eight clinical cases of eating disorders in China, a country and a society undergoing and experiencing a lot of fast sociocultural changes, our work aims to show the impact of cultural and transcultural factors on eating disorders, and takes into account the psychopathology and the symptomatology. Patients were hospitalized in Shanghai Mental Health Center and observed during the internship of a French resident in psychiatry. ResultsCultural factors accounted for the symptomatology differences identified with the Western country eating disorders such as: the variability of fat phobia, weight concern, and the absence of denial of thinness. The one child policy bears responsibility for eating disorders in China by improving the academic stress, changing the socialization context, impacting the affiliation process and the family context. Acculturation to western values such as the adoption of an ideal of thinness, growing autonomy claims, and desire for success favors the development of eating disorders. A cultural clash emerges as a consequence of contradictory expectations, of Chinese women's moving roles and of intergenerational gaps between parents and children; all these factors contribute to weaken the identity building, inducing individuation difficulties and parenthood difficulties. Eating disorders in China are also a means to protest against the family. Therefore, family therapy adapted to the Chinese setting seems relevant, together with a specific support for parenthood. ConclusionKnowledge about eating disorders from around the world and the transcultural approach enable a better understanding of these disorders, an enrichment of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for eating disorders and an improvement of the therapeutic alliance.

Geoffrey Chaucer’in Trolius ve Criseyde eserinde kültürötesilik

Cultural interaction is possible wherever people live. Due to various reasons such as trade, migration and war, interaction among people became inevitable long before communities had begun to live as a nation under one ag in a certain land. Thus, cultural transactions could be seen even before colonialism initiated by the powerful nations in purpose of the development of their own states. In the 20th-century, colonial and post-colonial studies have steered researchers towards the notion of transculturalism. Transcultural studies elucidate that culture is established with the past and present, and that cultures, which interact with each other one way or another, contribute to the construction of the present culture. In view of the existence of interaction among communities in every period, transcultural studies is applicable to medieval studies, and the traces of cross-cultural transactions can be detected in many medieval literary works by means of intertextuality. In this article, Geoffrey Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde, a fourteenth-century text about a love story that is assumed to take place in the twelfth century B.C. during the Trojan War, will be analysed within the framework of transculturalism.

SPANISH TRANSLATION OF THE MOOD RHYTHM INSTRUMENT: A NOVEL APPROACH TO MOOD EVALUATION

Introduction: The Mood Rhythm Instrument (MRI) is a questionnaire developed to assess the circadian rhythm of mood-related behaviors. The aim of this study was to translate this instrument from Brazilian Portuguese into Spanish. Methods: The translation process consisted of forward translation, adjustment, back translation, back translation review and harmonization. Results: Comparing the initial Spanish translation and the final Spanish version, there were no semantic differences and the items were not changed. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the MRI is ready to be tested in a Spanish population. In the future, assessing and comparing mood-related behaviors in transcultural studies will be possible. Keywords: Circadian rhythms; daily rhythms; mood; psychometric; chronobiology.

Religious Exemption and Global History before 1300 – Closing Comments

MEDIEVAL WORLDS provides a new forum for interdisciplinary and transcultural studies of the Middle Ages. Specifically it encourages and links comparative research between different regions and fields and promotes methodological innovation in transdisciplinary studies. Focusing on the Middle Ages (c. 400-1500 CE, but can be extended whenever thematically fruitful or appropriate), MEDIEVAL WORLDS takes a global approach to studying history in a comparative setting. MEDIEVAL WORLDS is open to regular submissions on comparative topics, but also offers the possibility to propose or advertise subjects that lend themselves to comparison. With a view to connecting people working on related topics in different academic environments, we publish calls for matching articles and for contributions on particular issues. Table of Contents Religious Exemption in Pre-Modern Eurasia, c. 300 – 1300 CE: Introduction Charles West Treasures in Heaven: Defining the Eurasian Old Regime? R. I. Moore Envisioning a No-Man’s Land: Hermitage as a Site of Exemption in Ancient and Early Medieval Indian Literature Kanad Sinha Evolving Relationship between the Buddhist Monastic Order and the Imperial States of Medieval China Mario Poceski The Normative Character of Monastic Exemption in the Early Medieval Latin West Kriston R. Rennie Clerical Exemption in Canon Law from Gratian to the Decretals Anne J. Duggan Nothing to Declare: Status, Power and Religious Aspiration in the Policies of Taxation in Ancient India Ulrich Pagel Exemption Not Granted: The Confrontation between Buddhism and the Chinese State in Late Antiquity and the ‘First Great Divergence’ Between China and Western Eurasia Antonello Palumbo The Political Significance of Gifts of Power in the Khmer and Mercian Kingdoms 793-926 Dominic Goodall and Andrew Wareham Conversion, Exemption, and Manipulation: Social Benefits and Conversion to Islam in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages Uriel Simonsohn Religious Exemption, Justice, and Territories around the Year 1000: The Forgeries of Worms Thomas Kohl The Exemption that Proves the Rule: Autonomy and Authority between Alcuin, Theodulf and Charlemagne (802) Rutger Kramer From Symbiosis to Separate Spheres? England, 1163 Judith A. Green Religious Exemption and Global History before 1300 – Closing Comments Julia McClure

Could Isidore’s Chronicle Have Delighted Cicero? A Response

MEDIEVAL WORLDS provides a new forum for interdisciplinary and transcultural studies of the Middle Ages. Specifically it encourages and links comparative research between different regions and fields and promotes methodological innovation in transdisciplinary studies. Focusing on the Middle Ages (c. 400-1500 CE, but can be extended whenever thematically fruitful or appropriate), MEDIEVAL WORLDS takes a global approach to studying history in a comparative setting. MEDIEVAL WORLDS is open to regular submissions on comparative topics, but also offers the possibility to propose or advertise subjects that lend themselves to comparison. With a view to connecting people working on related topics in different academic environments, we publish calls for matching articles and for contributions on particular issues. Table of Contents Walter POHL, Editor’s Introduction The Sudden Success of Prose – a Comparative View of Greek, Latin, Old French and Old Norse Lars Boje Mortensen Could Isidore’s Chronicle Have Delighted Cicero? A Response Richtard W. Burgess and Michael Kulikowski Revisiting Pre-Modern Ethnicity and Nationhood: Preface Ilya Afanasyev and Nicholas S. M. Matheou »Becoming English«: Nationality, Terminology, and Changing Sides in the Late Middle Ages Andrea Ruddick Reinventing Roman Ethnicity in High and Late Medieval Byzantium Yannis Stouraitis The Characteristics of Bodies and Ethnicity c. 900-1200 Claire Weeda Rethinking Ethnicity and ›Otherness‹ in Early Anglo-Saxon England James M. Harland Church, Apostle and People in Early Ireland Patrick Wadden Digitising Patterns of Power (DPP): Applying Digital Tools in the Analysis of Political and Social Transformations in the Historical Region of Macedonia (12th–14th Centuries) Mihailo St. Popović and Veronika Polloczek The Bible in Historical Perception and Writing of the Transcultural Iberian Societies, Eighth to Twelfth Centuries Matthias Tischler und Patrick Marschner The journal is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF).

Religious Exemption in Pre-Modern Eurasia, c. 300 – 1300 CE: Introduction

MEDIEVAL WORLDS provides a new forum for interdisciplinary and transcultural studies of the Middle Ages. Specifically it encourages and links comparative research between different regions and fields and promotes methodological innovation in transdisciplinary studies. Focusing on the Middle Ages (c. 400-1500 CE, but can be extended whenever thematically fruitful or appropriate), MEDIEVAL WORLDS takes a global approach to studying history in a comparative setting. MEDIEVAL WORLDS is open to regular submissions on comparative topics, but also offers the possibility to propose or advertise subjects that lend themselves to comparison. With a view to connecting people working on related topics in different academic environments, we publish calls for matching articles and for contributions on particular issues. Table of Contents Religious Exemption in Pre-Modern Eurasia, c. 300 – 1300 CE: Introduction Charles West Treasures in Heaven: Defining the Eurasian Old Regime? R. I. Moore Envisioning a No-Man’s Land: Hermitage as a Site of Exemption in Ancient and Early Medieval Indian Literature Kanad Sinha Evolving Relationship between the Buddhist Monastic Order and the Imperial States of Medieval China Mario Poceski The Normative Character of Monastic Exemption in the Early Medieval Latin West Kriston R. Rennie Clerical Exemption in Canon Law from Gratian to the Decretals Anne J. Duggan Nothing to Declare: Status, Power and Religious Aspiration in the Policies of Taxation in Ancient India Ulrich Pagel Exemption Not Granted: The Confrontation between Buddhism and the Chinese State in Late Antiquity and the ‘First Great Divergence’ Between China and Western Eurasia Antonello Palumbo The Political Significance of Gifts of Power in the Khmer and Mercian Kingdoms 793-926 Dominic Goodall and Andrew Wareham Conversion, Exemption, and Manipulation: Social Benefits and Conversion to Islam in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages Uriel Simonsohn Religious Exemption, Justice, and Territories around the Year 1000: The Forgeries of Worms Thomas Kohl The Exemption that Proves the Rule: Autonomy and Authority between Alcuin, Theodulf and Charlemagne (802) Rutger Kramer From Symbiosis to Separate Spheres? England, 1163 Judith A. Green Religious Exemption and Global History before 1300 – Closing Comments Julia McClure

Some Thoughts on Transcultural Medieval Area Studies

Some Thoughts on Transcultural Medieval Area Studies