Trajectories Of Inclusions Research Articles

Overdose prevention centres as spaces of safety, trust and inclusion: A causal pathway based on a realist review.

Overdose prevention centres (OPC) are non-residential spaces where people can use illicit drugs (that they have obtained elsewhere) in the presence of staff who can intervene to prevent and manage any overdoses that occur. Many reviews of OPCs exist but they do not explain how OPCs work. We carried out a realist review, using the RAMESES reporting standards. We systematically searched for and then thematically analysed 391 documents that provide information on the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of OPCs. Our retroductive analysis identified a causal pathway that highlights the feeling of safety - and the immediate outcome of not dying - as conditions of possibility for the people who use OPCs to build trust and experience social inclusion. The combination of safety, trust and social inclusion that is triggered by OPCs can - depending on the contexts in which they operate - generate other positive outcomes, which may include less risky drug use practices, reductions in blood borne viruses and injection-related infections and wounds, and access to housing. These outcomes are contingent on relevant contexts, including political and legal environments, which differ for women and people from racialised minorities. OPCs can enable people who live with structural violence and vulnerability to develop feelings of safety and trust that help them stay alive and to build longer term trajectories of social inclusion, with potential to improve other aspects of their health and living conditions.

Trajectories of Inclusion: The Role of Relationality in Shaping Disability Inclusion

Trajectories of Inclusion: The Role of Relationality in Shaping Disability Inclusion

An Equity-Based Research Agenda to Promote Social Inclusion and Belonging for People With IDD.

Having a sense of social inclusion and belonging, typically characterized by our personal relationships and community participation, is the central essence of life for most people, yet it remains elusive for many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This article summarizes the work of a diverse group of researchers and advocates to propose 6 big-picture, equity-based goals to drive future research in the field: (1) understanding the role of intersectionality, (2) understanding intimate relationships, (3) promoting formation of communities of care to support social inclusion, (4) understanding life course trajectories of social inclusion, (5) understanding social inclusion in virtual spaces, and (6) understanding how to promote social inclusion in the entire research process.

Indenting a thick gel with a solid spherical inclusion

A spherical inclusion is embedded in a soft gel block. A vertical force is applied on the gel surface by means of a spherical indenter. The loading axis is not aligned with the inclusion but placed at a horizontal offset displacement from the inclusion. The measurement of indentation force and inclusion trajectory are compared to the computational results from two-dimensional (2D) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations. A discernible instability emerges when the indentation reaches a critical depth, in accordance with the Southwell instability theory. The three-dimensional (3D) trajectory shows distinct features that were previously not captured by the 2D FEA simulations.

Inclusion trajectories of resettled refugees in Germany

Resettlement policies and practices are supposed to allow the most vulnerable per-sons to settle permanently in Germany. In the mixed-method research project In-clusiveRE, we used an integrative literature review, a telephone survey, and quali-tative in-depth interviews to examine the extent to which Germany provides inclu-sive pathways for resettled refugees with and without disabilities. Using an intersec-tional lens, we analysed how structural contexts and public discourses shape (in)equality processes and, consequently, the subjects' self-positioning and coping strategies. Our article focuses on the results of the telephone survey. Knowledge about resettlement pathways in Germany is limited and almost exclu-sively provided by the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. In our study, 51 people who resettled in Germany gave feedback on their experiences of the first few months in their new communities. The interviewees faced considerable diffi-culties and barriers: family ties with relatives already living in Germany are consid-ered in 43% of the cases; access to language-appropriate support services is poor, with 12% of participants reporting no access to any kind of support; and in some instances, bureaucratic barriers limit rapid access to residence permits and social benefits. Due to the absence of inclusive structures in the communities, resettled families have to rely on their individual resources and skills. Hence, based on the survey results, we suggested more rights- and needs-based arrival conditions in Germany that will enable resettled refugees with diverse abilities to settle and par-ticipate in their new residence.

Integration of a Disability Lens as Prerequisite for Inclusive Higher Education

PURPOSE. Occidental higher education often approaches disability as a disparate issue, failing to recognize that it is part of human diversity. Such an approach hinders inclusive education because it overlooks how disability is intertwined with other identities and concepts of exclusion. The overarching aim of this paper is to enhance understanding of (intersecting) disabling processes within education policy and practice and the impact thereof on students; and to raise educators’ awareness about how integration of knowledge from Disability Studies within pedagogy and their daily interaction with students, can positively influence disabled students’ wellbeing, their study opportunities and aid the overall process of inclusion. APPROACH. This paper offers a disability lens by (1) presenting a literature overview from a Disability Studies (DS) perspective about disability and exclusionary phenomena, in particular disablism and ableism; (2) substantiating how a current focus on accessibility hinders actual inclusion; (3) analysing a case-study through the presented perspective with attention to Dutch contextual factors. For the case-study, the first author and ‘Tess’ engaged in regular conversations during a year in which Tess shared her experiences as a student of higher education. In this paper, a selection of these experiences is presented from a reflexive perspective and with application of the presented frameworks. With this, the complex impact of exclusionary processes on interactions between students, educators and on the organization of university involved (social) events is illustrated. FINDINGS. The lack of nuanced, fluid and intersectional approaches to disability within mainstream education hinders the recognition of (epistemic) injustices. Exclusionary processes and practices in higher education remain unacknowledged, although they negatively impact disabled students and block their epistemic contribution. Moreover, the continued focus on accessibility hinders implementation of the international convention on the rights of persons with disabilities and deflects attention from the fact that inclusive education requires systemic change and a multi-layered approach. KEY MESSAGE. The current trajectory of disability inclusion is counterproductive without true systemic change. Integration of the presented disability lens is imperative for truly intersectional approaches to inclusion and offers educators a way to positively influence students’ wellbeing and identity development, even when policy changes are not yet achieved. Points of interest: Knowledge and attitudes about disability in higher education systems, in policies and practice, often do not portray disability from the perspective of disabled people themselves. There is also a lack of understanding how disability is part of human diversity and is intertwined with other identity aspects. Because higher education often focusses on including disabled people in existing systems by way of individual accommodations rather than on changing the design of the system, disabled students experience various forms of exclusion, varying from opportunities to study to the way they are approached by educators, that effect their wellbeing. The usefulness of disability studies theory is illustrated by applying them to the experiences of ‘Tess’, demonstrating how her personal and professional life was influenced by them. We argue that policies need to change and that educators themselves can work on true inclusion by recognising disability as diversity and by integrating up-to-date knowledge from the perspective of disabled people themselves in their approaches.

Financial Inclusion Trajectories: Geographical Dispersion, Convergence, and Development Implications

Financial Inclusion Trajectories: Geographical Dispersion, Convergence, and Development Implications

Deeper Flow Behavior Explanation of Temperature Effects on the Fluid Dynamic inside a Tundish

The continuous casting tundish is non-isothermal due to heat losses and temperature variation from the inlet stream, which generate relevant convection forces. This condition is commonly avoided through qualitative fluid dynamic analysis only. This work searches to establish the conditions for which non-isothermal simulations are mandatory or for which isothermal simulations are enough to accurately describe the fluid dynamics inside the tundish by quantifying the buoyant and inertial forces. The mathematical model, simulated by CFD software, considers the Navier-Stokes equations, the realizable k-ε model for solving the turbulence, and the Lagrangian discrete phase to track the inclusion trajectories. The results show that temperature does not significantly impact the volume fraction percentages or the mean residence time results; nevertheless, bigger velocity magnitudes under non-isothermal conditions than in isothermal conditions and noticeable changes in the fluid dynamics between isothermal and non-isothermal cases in all the zones where buoyancy forces dominate over inertial forces were observed. Because of the results, it is concluded that isothermal simulations can accurately describe the flow behavior in tundishes when the flow control devices control the fluid dynamics, but simulations without control devices or with a weak fluid dynamic dependence on the control devices require non-isothermal simulations.

Simulation Study on the Influence of Different Molten Steel Temperatures on Inclusion Distribution under Dual-Channel Induction-Heating Conditions.

Impurity elimination in tundishes is an essential metallurgical function in continuous casting. If inclusions in a tundish cannot be effectively removed, their presence will have a serious impact on the quality of the bloom. As a result, this research investigates the locations of inclusion particles in a six-strand induction-heating tundish in depth, combining the flow, temperature, and inclusion trajectories of molten steel under electromagnetic fields. The results show that a pinch effect occurred in the induction-heating tundish, and a rotating magnetic field formed in the channel, with a maximum value of 0.158 T. The electromagnetic force was directed toward the center of the axis, and its numerical distribution corresponds to the magnetic flux density distribution, with a maximum value of 2.11 × 105 N/m3. The inclusion particles' movement speed accelerated as the molten steel's temperature rose, and their distribution in the channel was identical to the rotating flow field distribution. When the steel's temperature rose from 1750 K to 1850 K, the removal percentage of inclusion particles in the discharge chamber rose by 9.20%, the removal rate at the outlet decreased from 8.00% to 3.00%, and the adhesion percentage of inclusion particles in the channel decreased from 48.40% to 44.40%.

Transitioning from childhood into adolescence: A comprehensive longitudinal behavioral and neuroimaging study on prosocial behavior and social inclusion

Acting prosocially and feeling socially included are important factors for developing social relations. However, little is known about the development of neural trajectories of prosocial behavior and social inclusion in the transition from middle childhood to early adolescence. In this pre-registered study, we investigated the development of prosocial behavior, social inclusion, and their neural mechanisms in a three-wave longitudinal design (ages 7–13 years; NT1 = 512; NT2 = 456; NT3 = 336). We used the Prosocial Cyberball Game, a ball tossing game in which one player is excluded, to measure prosocial compensating behavior. Prosocial compensating behavior showed a linear developmental increase, similar to parent-reported prosocial behavior, whereas parent-reported empathy showed a quadratic trajectory with highest levels in late childhood. On a neural level we found a peak in ventral striatum activity during prosocial compensating behavior. Neural activity during social inclusion showed quadratic age effects in anterior cingulate cortex, insula, striatum, and precuneus, and a linear increase in temporo-parietal junction. Finally, changes in prosocial compensating behavior were negatively associated with changes in ventral striatum and mPFC activity during social inclusion, indicating an important co-occurrence between development in brain and social behavior. Together these findings shed a light on the mechanisms underlying social development from childhood into adolescence.

Migration Behavior of Inclusions at the Solidification Front in Oxide Metallurgy.

Distribution of inclusions plays an essential role in inducing intracrystalline ferrite, and the migration behavior of inclusions during solidification has a significant influence on their distribution. The solidification process of DH36 (ASTMA36) steel and the migration behavior of inclusions at the solidification front were observed in situ using high-temperature laser confocal microscopy. The annexation, rejection, and drift behavior of inclusions in the solid-liquid two-phase region were analyzed, providing a theoretical basis for regulating the distribution of inclusions. Analysis of inclusion trajectories showed that the velocity of inclusions decreases significantly as they near the solidification front. Further study of the force on inclusions at the solidification frontier shows three situations: attraction, repulsion, and no influence. Additionally, a pulsed magnetic field was applied during the solidification process. The original dendritic growth mode changed to that of equiaxed crystals. The compelling attraction distance for inclusion particles with a diameter of 6 μm at the solidification interface front increased from 46 μm to 89 μm, i.e., the effective length for the solidification front engulfing inclusions can be increased by controlling the flow of molten steel.

Gas dynamics of stationary supersonic gas jets with inert particles exhausting into a medium with low pressure

Issues related to the development of tools for mathematical modeling of stationary supersonic flows of an ideal compressible gas with inert particles are considered. A mathematical model is constructed that describes the flow of an inviscid compressible gas with inert particles in a jet flowing from an axisymmetric nozzle into a flooded space. Provided that the flow is supersonic along one of the spatial coordinates, the Euler equations are hyperbolic along this coordinate. For numerical calculations of the gas flow field, the finite volume method and the marching method are used. For integration over the marching direction, the three-step Runge–Kutta scheme is used. The procedure for calculating the flows includes the reconstruction of the values of the desired functions on the faces of the control volumes from the average values over the control volumes and the solution of the problem of the decay of an arbitrary discontinuity (the Riemann problem). The Lagrangian method of test particles is used to describe the dispersed phase. The effects of the reverse influence of particles on the flow of the carrier gas are not taken into account. The effects of viscosity and rarefaction of the gas flow are taken into account only when the gas interacts with particles. Calculation of the trajectories of inert particles is carried out in a known flow field of the carrier gas. The motion trajectories of discrete inclusions in jet flows with strong underexpansion are presented. The influence of the particle size and the coordinates of the particle entry point into the flow on the features of their transfer by the jet stream are discussed. Efficient means of numerical simulation of stationary supersonic flows of an ideal compressible gas with particles in nozzles and jets have been developed. The calculation results are of interest for studying supersonic gas suspension flows around bodies and for calculating oblique shock waves.

How Should We Teach Nature Protection? Self-Determination and Environmental Attitudes

Environmental attitudes are supportive for learning about the environment and for pro-environmental engagement. The question, then, is how to strengthen and establish environmental attitudes. Based on a sample of 429 middle and high school students, we investigated the effect of self-determination-based motivation on environmental attitude. While high levels of self-determination (i.e., intrinsic motivation) positively affected pro-environmental attitude (β = 0.40), low levels of self-determination (i.e., external regulation) negatively affected attitude (β = –0.31). Our data further pointed to a distinct trajectory of self-determination and inclusion of nature throughout adolescence (high scores for 12-year-olds that decline to a minimum around 15–16-years old); a trend that has already been shown for environmental attitude. Such a dip might help derive teaching recommendations in environmental education, e.g., by supporting high scores in time to attenuate a decline. Further teaching recommendations include strengthening students’ self-determination through their basic needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness).

Inclusive model of additional education in creation and problems of educational trajectories for teachers

Introduction. The work contains a theoretical understanding of the problem of personal trajectories of education of teachers in additional inclusive education. Purpose setting. Work on the creation, implementation and improvement of the individual educational trajectory of schoolchildren and students with disabilities within the framework of an inclusive education model is the key condition for its success. Methodology of the study. This study is an attempt to implement a systematic approach to the study of problems in the practice of training modern teachers in the context of an inclusive education model. Results. The concept of an individual educational trajectory from the point of view of the task of high-quality training of a modern teacher in general and additional inclusive or inclusive education can be defined as an individualized (individual-specific) way for a person to search for and implement his personal, interpersonal and professional potential, his creative and reproductive, pedagogical and other abilities, implemented with the support and participation of a tutor, supervisor or other mentor, or completely independently (in the context of self-education). The created and implemented inclusive trajectory, being presented in the didactic and mentoring interaction of the teacher (subject teacher, class teacher/curator, or other tutor) and the student, requires work on its reconciliation, reflection, correction, etc. The activation of educational and professional activity of students with disabilities is associated with the formation and implementation of an inclusive individual educational trajectory as such a trajectory of personal, interpersonal and professional formation and development of a person, which is designed to solve the problems of his inclusion. It can take different forms. Conclusion. An educational trajectory that activates and creates conditions for the comprehensive development and inclusion of a person with disabilities in the community is formed and implemented under the condition of synchronization of the lines of personal, interpersonal and educational and professional improvement in general and additional inclusive education, harmonization of the space-time of education and the space-time of being of each person with disabilities as a student and future specialist. Such synchronicity and harmony is the result of conscious, multilateral and constant efforts of all subjects of education at all stages of development and implementation of the educational trajectory of the future teacher, up to reflection and correction of the educational route and its different stages.

Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Behaviors under Non-Isothermal Conditions in a Four-Strand Tundish

In the continuous casting process, the fluid flow of molten steel in the tundish is in a non-isothermal state. Because of the geometric shape and process parameters of a multi-strand tundish, the fluid flow behavior of each strand is quite inhomogeneous, and the difference in temperature, composition and inclusion content between each strand is great, which directly affects the quality of the steel products. In this paper, the fluid flow, heat transfer phenomena and inclusion trajectories in a four-strand tundish with and without flow-control devices (FCDs) are investigated using a water model and numerical simulation in isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The results show that natural convection has a significant influence on the flow pattern and temperature distributions of molten steel in the tundish. Without FCDs, the average residence times of the molten steel in the tundish obtained by the isothermal water model, non-isothermal water model and non-isothermal mathematical model were 251.2 s, 263.3 s and 266.0 s, respectively, and the dead zone volumes were 21.51%, 29.26% and 28.21%, respectively. With FCDs, the average residence times of the molten steel obtained by the isothermal water model, non-isothermal water model and non-isothermal mathematical model were 293.0 s, 304.0 s and 305.2 s, respectively, and the dead zone volumes were 43.98%, 50.23% and 52.78%, respectively. The flow characteristics of the molten steel in the tundish were different between the isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Compared with isothermal conditions, the numerical simulation results were closer to the water model results in non-isothermal conditions. The trial results showed that the fluid flow in a tundish has a non-isothermal characteristic, and the results in non-isothermal conditions can better reflect the actual fluid flow and heat transfer behaviors of molten steel in a tundish.

Global Production Networks and (Distributional) Regional Development: The Cinnamon Industry in Karandeniya and Matale, Sri Lanka

The purpose of this article is to examine the multi-spatial and developmental dynamics of the cinnamon industry in Sri Lanka, the largest exporter in the world by value added. This contribution compares Karandeniya, a major traditional cultivating hub, and Matale, a region new to cinnamon cultivation, deploying a Global Production Network (GPN) framework inclusive of regional development considerations. Analyses, based on input from 23 semi-structured, in-depth interviews, examine the potential for all stakeholders to acquire equity or ‘how’ captured value influences the region ‘and’ individual actors over the course of development. Fieldwork reveals four upstream actors in the cinnamon industry, namely—farmers, peelers, collectors and exporting firms. Results indicate that the cinnamon boom led to strategic decoupling with the exporting firms in Colombo and subsequent strategic recoupling with other actors. The primary contribution of the research rests in the interpretation of resulting structural changes in each region from a bifurcated view of regional development. Based on regional economic growth, Karandeniya appears to be more successful. However, considering the extent of value distribution within the region, Matale is on a more inclusive trajectory vis-à-vis cinnamon exports. Based on these results, three implications for GPN theory and related development policy are suggested.

Path of a solid inclusion embedded in a soft matrix subject to finger palpation

A solid inclusion is embedded in a soft matrix supported by a rigid substrate. To simulate finger palpation, a spherical indenter exerts a vertical load on the matrix surface, followed by a lateral motion. A deep inclusion first rises close to the surface, dives under the indenter, and emerges from the leeside of the traversing indenter. The inclusion trajectory is essentially symmetric about the axis where the inclusion lies. A shallow inclusion is first pushed sideways, but an instability causes it to jump spontaneously to the rear following an asymmetric path. Such instability is a specific feature in hyperelastic materials.

Memória de homens sobre a convivência com o consumo habitual do álcool

Introdução: No contexto brasileiro, observa-se consumo significativo e progressivo de álcool e outras drogas em todas as classes sociais, esta prática é considerada um dos principais fatores que afetam a saúde da população. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é compreender o sentido da memória de homens sobre a convivência com o consumo habitual do álcool. Método: estudo qualitativo, exploratório, fundamentado na História Oral Temática. Colaboraram com o estudo seis homens alcoolistas residentes no interior da Bahia, quatro usuários de um Cento de Atenção Psicossocial álcool e outras drogas e dois residentes em uma comunidade periférica, atendidos por uma equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família. As lembranças foram evocadas utilizando-se a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada no período entre abril e junho de 2019. O conteúdo dos relatos orais foi analisado por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os colaboradores referiram-se ao consumo habitual do álcool como um processo consolidado ao longo da vida, iniciado, precocemente, na infância e na adolescência, até gerar dependência. Na vida adulta, impactos negativos foram perceptíveis na dinâmica familiar, no mundo do trabalho, nas finanças, no comportamento, na percepção do outro e na autopercepção. A trajetória de vida com o álcool resultou numa velhice destituída de projetos e sem vínculos familiares. Conclusões: Tomando-se como ponto de partida os relatos orais de homens alcoolistas participantes deste estudo, os sentidos atribuídos ao alcoolismo estiveram associados às relações interpessoais perpassando por uma trajetória de inclusão familiar e social, a exclusão e de sensações ambíguas do contentamento, ao sofrimento.

CFD investigation on influence of orifice geometry on micro-scale inclusion movement

In order to understand the influence of the geometry of ceramic filter orifices on the movement of micro-scale inclusions, a transient 3D coupled numerical model has been established. The inclusion trajectory was described using the two-way coupled Euler-Lagrange approach. The gravity, buoyancy, drag, virtual mass, lift, pressure gradient, centrifugal forces, and moment of inertia were taken into account. The random walk module was invoked to include the chaotic effect of the turbulence. For estimating the collision and coalescence of the inclusion, the stochastic collision module was utilized. Besides, three detachment criteria have been introduced to represent the adherence behavior between the inclusion and the refractory wall. Necessary measurements were carried out for validating the model experimentally. Due to the swirling flow and the centrifugal effect, the inclusion removal ratio of the helical orifice is 31.02%, which is higher than the value of 16.35% associated with the straight orifice.

The Trajectory of Social Inclusion and Activation of Older People Today

The Trajectory of Social Inclusion and Activation of Older People Today