Inventory Of Traits Research Articles

Prevalence of Neurodivergence in Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Aims: The increasing recognition of neurodivergent conditions within healthcare frameworks highlights the necessity for better understanding and management in neuropsychiatric settings. These conditions often overlap with complex neuropsychiatric diagnoses, complicating both diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and co-occurrence of neurodivergent conditions and traits among patients with neuropsychiatric conditions.Methods: A descriptive, quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary regional neuropsychiatric outpatient clinic in London. Participants included 166 consecutive patients, assessed using the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI) and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1), with demographic characteristics considered.Results: The study identified significantly higher rates of ASD and ADHD traits among patients with various neuropsychiatric conditions, particularly in those diagnosed with Functional Neurological Disorder (FND). Statistical analyses reinforced the heightened prevalence of these traits compared with general population estimates.Conclusion: The findings indicate a higher-than-expected prevalence of neurodivergent conditions in patients with Functional Neurological Disorder. Enhanced early identification and tailored treatment approaches are crucial for improving clinical outcomes and patient experiences in neuropsychiatric settings.

Measuring the callous-unemotional traits in Spanish juvenile offenders: properties and functioning of the INCA questionnaire in this population

The Inventory of Callous-unemotional Traits and Antisocial Behaviour (INCA) was developed to assess (a) traits precursors of psychopathy and (b) antisocial behaviour in adolescents, but its psychometric properties have only been assessed in community samples. Considering that juvenile offenders are an important target population for this kind of instrument, the current study aims to assess the INCA functioning in this population. Participants were 202 young Spanish offenders, who answered several questionnaires. Factor-analytic solutions, in which response biases were controlled, suggested that there were only three content factors underlying the data. As most of the antisocial behaviour items loaded in the callousness subscale, these items were removed, leading to adequate fit, scalability and scoring results. Callousness and uncaring were related to aggression and impulsivity, as expected. Results highlight the importance of assessing the psychometric properties of questionnaires in the specific populations where the instrument may be highly relevant, such as offenders.

Attitudes towards Artificial intelligence (AI) in psychotherapy: Artificial Intelligence in Psychotherapy Scale (AIPS)

ABSTRACT Objective Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly explored for its potential applications in psychotherapy; however, whether individuals will adopt these applications and what they expect from them can only be understood by identifying their attitudes towards AI. Therefore, there is a need to develop tools that measure attitudes towards its use. This study aims to create a robust psychometric scale, the Artificial Intelligence in Psychotherapy Scale (AIPS), to assess these attitudes. Method The sample consisted of 723 participants, 372 females and 351 males, aged between 18 and 55 years. Results Exploratory Factor Analysis identified a three-factor model – risks and limitations, technical advantages, and personal advantages – that explained 52% of the variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the model with acceptable fit indices. The validation of AIPS was assessed through the Young Internet Addiction Scale, the Scale of Attitudes Towards Seeking Psychological Help, and the Basic Personality Traits Inventory. Reliability analysis yielded Cronbach’s alpha values of .89, .84, and .72 for the three factors. Conclusion This study demonstrates that individuals’ attitudes towards AI in psychotherapy emphasize perceived benefits and risks. The AIPS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing such attitudes within the Turkish population, providing valuable insights into the integration of AI into psychotherapy.

Callous-Unemotional Traits and Anti-Social Behavior among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Self-Serving Cognitive Distortions

The present study aims to cross-sectionally investigate the relationship between callous-unemotional (CU) traits and anti-social behaviour (ASB), along with exploring the mediating role of self-serving cognitive distortions (SSCD) among adolescents. The study sample comprised 300 adolescents (14-19 years) who completed the following questionnaires, how I Think Questionnaire (Barriga et al., 2001), Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (Frick, 2004) and Sub-types of Anti-social Behavior Scale (Burt & Donnellan, 2009). The study investigated the mediating role of SSCD in the relationship between CU traits and ASB. Current research also investigated age group (Early and Late Adolescents) and family system (Joint and Nuclear Family) differences in CU traits, SSCD and ASB among adolescents. For data analysis, t-test, ANOVA and mediation analysis were used. Findings showed that SSCD partially mediated the link between CU traits and ASB among adolescents. Results also showed that early adolescents scored high on CU traits, SSCD, and ASB compared to late adolescents. According to the results, there were no significant differences among students of the nuclear and joint family systems on CU traits, SSCD and ASB. Overall findings revealed the importance of understanding callous-unemotional traits and the role of self-serving distortions in addressing anti-social behavioural issues among adolescents.

“What does ‘often’ even mean?” Revising and validating the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in partnership with autistic people

BackgroundIn this study, we revised the comprehensive autistic trait inventory (CATI)—a self-report inventory of autistic traits, in collaboration with autistic people and provided preliminary evidence for its validity as a self-report measure of autistic traits in the general population. An established strength of the CATI is its ability to capture female autistic traits. Our project aimed to extend this further, to increase the inventory’s accessibility, and to minimise stigma induced by deficit-based representations of autistic experience.MethodsTogether with 22 individuals from the autism and autistic communities, we created the Revised Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI-R). Revisions included rewording items to increase clarity or reduce stigma and expanding items to capture diverse autistic experiences. We also present a series of guidelines for developing self-report inventories of subclinical neurodivergent traits. We validated the CATI-R within a large sample (n = 1439), comprising people with a self-reported autism diagnosis (n = 331), people who self-identified as autistic (n = 44), and non-autistic participants (n = 1046).ResultsWe successfully validated a revision of the CATI. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the six-subscale structure (two-factor bifactors model: Chi-squared = 2705.73, p < .001, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .03, CFI = .95, TLI = .94). Spearman’s rank correlations showed positive relationships between all subscales (all rs > .56, ps < .001). Convergent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between the CATI-R and two contemporary inventories of autistic traits: the AQ (rho = .86, p < .01) and BAPQ (rho = .82, p < .01). Finally, a measurement invariance analysis indicated that total-scale scores can be compared across genders.LimitationsOur study presents only initial evidence for the validity of the CATI-R that should be enriched with further analyses and types of data, including a larger number of participants who do not identify as male or female.ConclusionsThis project provides a revised trait inventory that resonates with actual autistic experience, along with guidelines for creating self-report measures that are sensitive, accessible, and non-stigmatising.

Partner anxiety and its associated factors before elective caesarean section

Objective: This study aimed to assess the partner anxiety and its associated factors before elective caesarean section at a tertiary hospital in South India. Background: Anxiety is a behavioural expression of stress and an unpleasant feeling that can be brought on by a number of factors. The information given to the pregnant woman and her husband regarding caesarean delivery could create anxiety. Spouses who assist in caring for their wifes’ during childbirth may be subjected to mild to severe anxiety. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out among 200 spouses of pregnant women planned for elective caesarean section. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Partner Anxiety Associated Factors Checklist were used. Results: The mean score of state inventory was 44.245 (±9.30) and trait inventory was about 23.145 (±7.11) and partner anxiety associated factors checklist was 19.94 (±6.54). A significant association was found with a p value &lt; 0.05 between the education and State Anxiety Inventory (p value – 0.041), Trait Anxiety Inventory (p value – 0.024); between job and State Anxiety Inventory (p value – 0.046) and Partner Anxiety Associated factor Checklist (p value – 0.026); income and State Anxiety Inventory (p value – 0.031), Trait Anxiety Inventory (p value – 0.008); the years of marriage and Partner Anxiety Associated factor Checklist (p value – 0.022). Conclusion: Nurses and Obstetricians need to provide family-centred pre-operative counselling, understand the psychological factors that contribute to caregivers' anxiety and include them in pre-anaesthesia counselling.

Development and Validation of the Japanese Version of the Comprehensive Autism Trait Inventory in University Students

Abstract: Introduction: The Comprehensive Autism Trait Inventory (CATI) comprises six subscales, including “social camouflage” and “sensory sensitivity,” developed to address the limitations of comprehensive evaluation (English et al., 2021). In this study, we report the development of the Japanese version of the CATI (CATI-j) for university students and validate its reliability and validity. Methods: All 43 items of the original CATI were translated into Japanese using a cognitive interview ( N = 12) and back-translation method. The data from 509 participants were used to examine the item characteristics, the gender differences, and the factor structure. Results: Using samples of Japanese university students ( N = 509), we found good reliability and validity for the CATI-j. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a bifactor model, assuming two general factors for “social communication and interaction” and “repetitive and restricted behavior,” along with six specific factors, best fit the data. However, in contrast to previous studies, no significant differences between men and women were observed for each scale. Limitations: Several limitations remain for future exploration, including examining samples beyond university students, determining cutoff values for distinguishing autism spectrum disorder, and investigating cultural differences. Discussion: The CATI-j is applicable to Japanese university students.

Predicting Physics Students’ Academic Performance: The Impact of Attitude, Self-Efficacy, and Personality Traits

The study examined the predictive impact of attitude, self-efficacy, and personality traits on the academic performance of high school students in physics. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 210 research subjects between the ages of 16 and 22 (SD=1.80) from three high schools in the Berekum East Municipality of Ghana. Three standardised questionnaires as primary data sources, namely: Attitude Toward Physics Learning (ATPL), Physics Learning Self-Efficacy (PLSE), and Students’ Personality Trait Inventory (SPTI), and additionally, Students’ Physics Mock Examinations scores as a secondary data source, were used for data collection and analysis through multiple regression. Data collected from respondents were compiled, sorted, edited and coded into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The results revealed a joint impact of 21.100% of the variance in attitude, self-efficacy, and personality traits in predicting the academic performance of students in physics. Furthermore, the multiple regression analysis revealed that student attitudes, self-efficacy, and personality traits significantly impact student academic performance in physics. The analysis further revealed that students’ personality traits best explained students’ academic performance in Physics (β = 0.232, t = 3.423; p &lt; 0.050), followed by self-efficacy (β = 0.192, t = 2.738; p &lt; 0.050), and attitude (β = 0.121, t = 2.011; p &lt; 0.05). Based on the results obtained, the study recommended that physics students in the Berekum East Municipality’s attitudes, self-efficacy, and personality traits should be given greater attention by physics teachers, and other stakeholders because of their positive impact on students’ academic performance in physics.

Exploring the Link between Autistic Traits, Emotional Intelligence, and Self-efficacy in Understanding Social Anhedonia

Abstract: Autism severity has been found to be associated with social anhedonia. However, the mechanisms linking the two have not been clarified. Objective: The study was designed to examine the link between autistic traits and social anhedonia. The present study tested a serial mediation model, in which it was hypothesized that emotional intelligence and self-efficacy were serial mediators of the relationship between autistic traits and social anhedonia. Methods: Data from 245 participants (57.4% females, n = 134) ranging in age from 18 to 65 years were collected through self-report. Participants completed an online composite questionnaire consisting of The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory, the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, The General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale. Results: The relationship between autistic traits and social anhedonia was mediated by emotional intelligence and serially mediated by emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy alone failed to link autistic traits to social anhedonia. Conclusion: The study provides evidence for the significant role of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy as mechanisms underlying the relationship between autistic traits and social anhedonia. The findings are discussed in terms of elucidating the processes through which autistic traits may confer vulnerability to compromised emotional intelligence and self-efficacy, which then serve as additional risk factors for social anhedonia.

Modeling maladaptive personality traits with unipolar item response theory: The case of Callousness

Most IRT applications in personality assume that the measured trait is a bipolar dimension, normally distributed in the population. These assumptions, however, could be questionable for maladaptive, (quasi) pathological traits that still fall in the normal range. This study focuses on one such trait, Callousness, and uses two different instruments and samples to determine whether there is a basis for modeling it as a unipolar trait instead of a bipolar one. More specifically, the following community samples were used, recruited in several Spanish high schools: a) 719 adolescents (13-19 years old, 55.8% girls), b) 681 adolescents (13-19 years old, 44.9% girls). Callousness was assessed with the Inventory of Callous-unemotional traits and Antisocial behavior in the first sample and with the Inventory of Callous Unemotional traits in the second sample. We compared the outcomes of fitting the Graded-Response model (a bipolar-trait model) and the Log-Logistic model (a unipolar trait model) in these community samples and found that they differed considerably at the scoring level. In terms of accuracy, the conditional reliability functions had opposite patterns: it was maximum at high levels in the Graded-Response model and at low levels in the Log-Logistic model. In terms of validity, the models showed different results regarding the prediction of indirect aggressiveness and non-planning impulsiveness.

The effects of childhood trauma and moral disengagement on the trait of callousness in college students

This study explores the role of moral disengagement in the relationship between childhood trauma and callousness traits among adolescents, aiming to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and intervention of callousness traits among college students. A total of 865 students from three universities in Guangdong and Henan provinces were surveyed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the moral disengagement Questionnaire, and the Inventory of callousness traits. The SPSS 19.0 software was utilized to construct a structural equation model elucidating the relationships among moral disengagement, childhood trauma, and callousness traits. The results indicated significant positive correlations among childhood trauma, moral disengagement, and callousness traits. Childhood trauma significantly predicted both moral disengagement and callousness traits, and moral disengagement significantly predicted callousness traits. Additionally, moral disengagement mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and callousness traits. Childhood trauma and moral disengagement emerged as risk factors for callousness traits, suggesting that reducing moral disengagement among individuals with childhood trauma could alleviate their callousness traits.

Stability of Cloninger's temperament traits following a health event: Subjective and objective health status analysis from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

Personality/temperament traits are often presumed to remain stable across various life outcomes. This longitudinal study challenges this assumption by examining changes of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory traits following a severe health event, utilizing data from the population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, combined with Finnish register data (N = 3195). We explore both health conditions diagnosed in healthcare settings and changes in individuals' self-reported health to discern the relationship between alterations in objective and subjective health and changes in temperament traits between ages 31 and 46. Our findings suggest that changes in health generally don't relate to alterations in three of the four temperament traits—novelty seeking, reward dependence, and persistence. However, we observe a significant shift in the fourth temperament trait, harm avoidance, following a health change. Both females and males reporting a decline in self-reported health become significantly more harm avoidant, irrespective of whether they experience an objective health event. Our results indicate that harm avoidance may not be entirely stable over time, and health changes, particularly regarding subjective health, are linked to variations in harm avoidance. Our results emphasize the need for caution when using harm avoidance as a predictor, particularly in the context of diverse health outcomes.

Umiejscowienie poczucia kontroli nad otoczeniem i reakcje emocjonalne jako determinanty strategii radzenia sobie w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego preferowane przez młodzież

The study aimed to determine what role locus of control and emotional responses play in generating destructive (aggressive, avoidance, submissive) and constructive (task-oriented) coping strategies among adolescents in a situation of social conflict. The study made use of the Locus of Control Questionnaire (KBPK) by Krasowicz and Kurzyp-Wojnarska, the Three-Factor Inventory of Personality States and Traits (TISCO) by Spielberger and Wrześniewski, and the Questionnaire for Examination of Coping Strategies in a Social Conflict Situation (KSMK) by Borecka-Biernat. Empirical research was conducted in junior high schools and included 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. The study results demonstrate that stronger external locus of control over positive and negative consequences of events and anger or anxiety reaction to conflict situations co-occurs with a tendency for destructive (aggressive, evasive, submissive) coping with conflict, while adolescent’s stronger internal locus of control over positive and negative consequences of events and curiosity reaction create greater opportunities for constructive (task-oriented) coping with a social conflict situation.

The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) self-report version: Factor structure, measurement invariance, and predictive validity in justice-involved male adolescents.

The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) is a widely used measure of callous-unemotional (CU) traits that may aid in the assessment of the diagnostic specifier "with limited prosocial emotions," which has been added to diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder. Though there is substantial support for use of the ICU total score, the scale's factor structure has been highly debated. Inconsistencies in past factor analyses may be largely attributed to failure to control for method variance due to item wording (i.e., half of the items being worded in the callous direction and half worded in the prosocial direction). Thus, the present study used a multitrait-multimethod confirmatory factor analytic approach that models both trait and method variance to test the factor structure of the ICU self-report in a clinically relevant, high-risk sample of justice-involved male adolescents (N = 1,216). When comparing the fit of empirical and theoretical models, goodness of fit indices (χ² = 1105.877, df = 190, root-mean-square error of approximation = .063, comparative fit index = .916, Tucker-Lewis index = .878, standardized root-mean-square residual = .051) provided support for a hierarchical four-factor model (i.e., one overarching callous-unemotional factor, four latent trait factors) when accounting for method variance (i.e., covarying positively worded items). This factor structure is consistent with the way the ICU was constructed and with criteria for the limited prosocial emotions specifier. In addition, measurement invariance of this factor structure across age, race, and ethnicity was supported, and the predictive validity of the ICU was supported across these demographic groups in predicting self-reported antisocial behavior and rearrests over a 5-year period following an adolescent's first arrest. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Callous-Unemotional Traits and Conduct Problems in Children: The Role of Strength and Positive Characteristics.

In recent decades, many researchers have focused on the development of Conduct Problems from childhood to adolescence. Understanding behavior problems also requires an understanding of well-regulated characteristics. Focusing our assessment on strengths makes it possible, on the one hand, to help children or adolescents with deficits in important areas (e.g., socio-emotional deficits) to develop emotional regulation skills and adapt their responses to different contexts. This study aims to understand the role of self-competence, self-regulation, empathy, and responsibility (strength variables) in the relationship between Callous Unemotional characteristics and Conduct Problems, with a sample of 236 children aged between 3 and 10 years (M = 7.51, SD = 1.63), through mediation analysis. In general, our findings suggest that self-regulation significantly explains the relationship between the callous dimension of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Conduct Problems, pointing out that this strength variable seems to act as a protective factor against the development of behavior problems. No other mediation effects were found, and these results are considered in light of some limitations.

Relations of personality factors and suitability ratings to Swedish military pilot education completion

Abstract Improved understanding of what it takes to be a pilot is an ongoing effort within aviation. We used an exploratory approach to examine whether there are personality‐related differences in who completes the Swedish military pilot education. Assessment records of 182 applicants, accepted to the education between the years of 2004 and 2020 were studied (Mean age 24, SD 4.2 96% men, 4% women). Discriminant analysis was used to explore which personality traits and suitability ratings might be related to education completion. Analysis included suitability assessments made by senior pilots and by a psychologist, a number of traits assessed by the same psychologist, as well as the Commander Trait Inventory (CTI). The resulting discriminant function was significant (Wilk's Lambda = 0.808, (20) = 32.817, p = .035) with a canonical correlation of 0.44. The model was able to classify 74.1% of sample cases correctly. The modeling suggests that senior pilot assessment and psychologist assessment both predict education completion. Also contributing were the traits energy, professional motivation, study forecast and leader potential.

Callous-unemotional traits and pre-ejection period in response to reward.

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits have important utility in distinguishing individuals exhibiting more severe and persistent antisocial behavior, and our understanding of reward processing and CU traits contributes to behavioral modification. However, research on CU traits often investigated reward alongside punishment and examined solely on average reward reactivity, neglecting the reward response pattern over time such as habituation. This study assessed individuals' pre-ejection period (PEP), a sympathetic nervous system cardiac-linked biomarker with specificity to reward, during a simple reward task to investigate the association between CU traits and both average reward reactivity and reward response pattern over time (captured as responding trajectory). A heterogeneous sample of 126 adult males was recruited from a major metropolitan area in the US. Participants reported their CU traits using the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits and completed a simple reward task while impedance cardiography and electrocardiogram were recorded to derive PEP. The results revealed no significant association between average PEP reward reactivity and CU traits. However, CU traits predicted both linear and quadratic slopes of the PEP reactivity trajectory: individuals with higher CU traits had slower habituation initially, followed by a rapid habituation in later blocks. Findings highlight the importance of modeling the trajectory of PEP reward response when studying CU traits. We discussed the implications of individuals with high CU traits having the responding pattern of slower initial habituation followed by rapid habituation to reward and the possible mechanisms.

The Utility of Expert-Rated and Self-Report Assessments of Youth Psychopathic Traits for Predicting Felony Recidivism Among Formerly Incarcerated Youth.

Psychopathic traits assessed with expert-rated instruments are well-established predictors for both general and violent felony recidivism outcomes in adjudicated youth. However, it is not clear whether self-report assessments of psychopathic traits show similar predictive value. The current study evaluated both expert-rated (i.e., the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version [PCL:YV]) and self-report measures (i.e., the Childhood Psychopathy Scale, Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits, Antisocial Process Screening Device, and the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory) assessing youth psychopathic traits for predicting general and violent felony recidivism among formerly incarcerated high-risk male adolescents (n = 275). Scores on both expert-rated and self-report instruments were significantly associated with a shorter time to felony rearrest into early adulthood (with an average follow-up window of 11 years). However, the expert-rated PCL:YV, but not self-report measures, provided significant utility for predicting violent felony arrest. These results suggest that in general, youth psychopathic traits, regardless of the specific instrument used, are predictors of general felony rearrest outcomes, while the expert-rated PCL: YV alone provides utility for predicting the most severe crimes (i.e., violent felonies). The strengths and limitations of the assessment modalities are discussed.

The Relationship Between Adversity Quotient, Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Skills Among Pre-University Students

This study aimed to determine the relationship between Adversity Quotient, Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Skills among pre-university students. The respondents were selected by using simple random sampling which is 119 students from 152. The data were obtained using three sets of questionnaires which is Adversity Response Profile (2001), Malaysia Emotional Intelligence Quotient Inventory and Malaysia Leadership Audit Trait Inventory. Findings revealed that the level of Adversity Quotient in its 4 components was marked moderate (mean =3.3227) while their levels of Emotional Intelligence in its 7 components was marked high (mean =4.0672) and for Leadership Skills level in its (7) components marked high ( ean =3.8530). Moderate positive correlation (0.451) was obtained through the analysis between the leadership skills and Emotional Intelligence, while no significant correlation was found between leadership skills and total Adversity Quotient, as well as between emotional intelligence and Adversity Quotient. It was concluded that the students’ level of Adversity Quotinet was not totally affected by emotional intelligence and also did not totally affect their leadership skills.

Measurement invariance of the inventory of Callous‑Unemotional traits in different age groups from preschool age to late adolescence in Germany.

Callous-unemotional traits are associated with the development of severe behavior problems, delinquency, and psychopathy. Previous studies have repeatedly shown that CU traits may be present as early as preschool age, and they have consistently used the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) to assess CU traits in children and adolescents. A three-factor structure for the ICU has been widely endorsed. The aim of our study is to compare the three-factor structure of the ICU in different age groups (preschool, middle childhood, early, and late adolescence) and to test for measurement invariance in a German sample of N = 2368 children and adolescents (M = 11.76 years; SD = 3.72). The results of our study indicate configural measurement invariance, suggesting that the ICU has the same structure in all age groups but with different meanings, parameters, and mean values in the groups. Accordingly, the ICU cannot be applied in the same way to children and adolescents of different age groups, which emphasizes the need for a more differentiated assessment.