Traits In Pea Research Articles

Evaluation of genotypic and genetic variances of quantitative traits in pea (Pisum sativum L.)

A new approach has been applied for identification of the changes in gene spectra, in accordance with the graphic model of Hayman, which allows making a comparison of varieties, presented in the graphics, as well as, a new method for interpretation of the change in location of certain varieties, with respect to given signs, at different environmental limits. In the genetic control of the characteristics of plant weight and seed weight per plant, a major role plays gene over-domination. The results obtained indicate a possibility of assessment of field peas genotypes by genetic-physiological systems in different environmental limits. No universal donor has been established between hybrids for attraction and adaptability. From selection point of view, of interest are the hybrids №11 (E.F.B.33 × Mir) with respect to green biomass (forage) and №12 (E.F.B.33 × Pleven 10), and with respect to seed №9 (Pleven 10 × E.F.B.33). Assessment of the source material, according to genetic-physiological systems, allows, with a higher degree of probability, to select an appropriate genotype, which exceeds the parental forms, in terms of productivity and ecological stability, and also to accelerate the process of creating new pea varieties.

Combining ability and character association of agronomic and biochemical traits in pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Information on combining ability and gene action that governs inheritance of yield and quality related traits can help breeders to select suitable parents and devise an appropriate breeding strategy. In the present study ten parents were used in a crossing program in line×tester mating design to study combining ability for sugar composition in pea. Among the parents, HFP94-26, PantP25, DVP1, PantP101, DMR7 and DDR80 were used as lines and DDR27, DDR44, DVP2 and DMR58 were used as testers. Parental lines and their crosses were evaluated for nutritional parameters as well as yield and its components. Lines, tester and crosses together revealed significant differences for all the traits. Biochemical traits in general were not associated with yield component traits. Genotypes DMR7, DDR80 and DVP2 had good general combining ability for high sucrose and total sugar content at green stage while DMR7 had high GCA for these traits at dry stage. These genotypes could serve as potential donors in a vegetable pea breeding programme for enhancing sweetness in elite genotypes. For the total sugar content the two best specific combiner crosses were HFP94-26×DMR58 and PantP101×DDR44. These crosses can be used for isolation of superior lines combining sugar content and high yield in the segregating generations.

Research progress on the cloning of Mendel's gene in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and its application in genetics teaching

One hundred and fifty years ago, Gregor Mendel investigated the segregation of seven traits in pea (Pisum sativum) and established the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment in genetics. After the two laws of genetics were rediscovered in 1900, the seven traits have been extensively investigated in the fields of plant physiology and biochemistry as well as in the cell and molecular levels. Recently, with the development of molecular technology in genetics, four genes for seed shape (R), stem length (Le), cotyledon colour (I), and flower colour (A) have been cloned and sequenced; and another three genes for immature pod colour (Gp), fasciation (Fa) and pod form (V) have been located in the linkage groups, respectively. The identification and cloning of the four Mendel's genes will help deeply understand the basic concept of gene in many respects: like the diversity of gene function, the different origins for gene mutation in molecular level, and the molecular nature of a dominant gene or a recessive gene. In teaching of genetics, the introduction of most recent research advancements of cloning of Mendel's genes to the students and the interpretation of the Mendel's laws in molecular level will help students promote their learning interests in genetics and help students grasp the whole content from classical genetics to molecular genetics and the developmental direction of this subject.

Weed suppression in mixed cropped grain peas and false flax (Camelina sativa)

SummaryMixed cropping peas with false flax, a brassica oil seed crop, in additive arrangements had a significant suppressive effect on weed coverage (63% in 2003 and 52% in 2004), compared with the monocropped pea plots. Weed suppression by false flax was apparently restricted to the establishment phase, because effects were significant against the key annuals Fallopia convolvulus, Sonchus oleraceus and Matricaria recutita, but ineffective towards the major perennials Cirsium arvense and Elytrigia repens. Relatively higher yields in mixed stands with calculated land equivalent ratios (LER) of 1.43 (2003) and 1.98 (2004) were the result of low monocrop yields mainly related to weed pressure not only in pea but also in false flax. Partial LERs were in favour of peas, demonstrating a balanced but asymmetric complementarity of the components, with peas as the main and false flax as the minor crop component. The role of false flax in row‐cropped peas can be characterized as both a smother crop and weed antagonist with no obvious indications for allelopathic traits. Weed suppression was probably achieved by a mutually enhanced competitiveness of both crop components, indicating a mechanism based on resource allocation, but further research is needed for a better understanding of weed‐suppressive traits in pea–false flax mixed cropping systems.

Linkage Mapping of QTL for Seed Yield, Yield Components, and Developmental Traits in Pea

Seed yield in pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a physiologically complex trait that is strongly influenced by both genotype and environment. Seed yield can be described in terms of its components, which include plant number per unit area, seed weight, and seed number. These yield components show interdependence and plasticity in response to environment; therefore, selection based on a single component is unlikely to succeed in increasing yield in breeding programs. To improve our understanding of the genetic basis of seed yield determination in pea and to identify genetic loci involved, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yield per se, yield components (seed weight, seed number, and harvest index [HI]) and developmental traits (node of first flower [NFF], number of flowering nodes [NFN], total node number [TNN]) were mapped. The QTL mapping was conducted using F2–derived families of a cross between Primo, a marrowfat cultivar, and OSU442‐15, a blue pea breeding line. Linkage maps containing 108 loci on 11 linkage groups (LGs) were constructed for 227 families derived from this cross. Traits were measured in three replicated field trials conducted in New Zealand during the summers of 1997–1998, 1998–1999, and 2002–2003. The trials were managed to ensure maximum expression of yield potential. The QTL affecting yield‐related traits were associated with 19 genomic regions on LGs I, II, III, IV, VI, and VII. The QTL for different yield‐related traits were colocalized, suggesting some basis for understanding the reproductive plasticity that is observed in pea at the genetic level.

Genetic analysis of gibberellin biosynthesis.

In his studies on the nature of inheritance, Gregor[Mendel (1866)][1] examined seven pairs of traits in pea, including one he called “difference in the length of the stem” (Fig. [1][2]). The tall character dominated the dwarf, segregating three tall to one dwarf. When Mendel's work was

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR SEED YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS IN PEAS OF INDIAN AND EXOTIC ORIGIN

Seventy five F, hybrids produced in a line x tester mating fashion, their 15 lines and five testers were evaluated in two environments to study combining ability for nine yield and related traits in pea. Additive gene action contributed significantly in the inheritance of days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height and seed weight while nonadditive gene action prevailed in the inheritance of pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index. LMR 20 emerged as the most promising parent for seed yield per plant and related traits; Alaska 81 for early flowering: Pusa 10 for early maturity, dwarfness and seed weight; LMR 20 for pods per plant and biological yield per plant. Garifield for seeds per pod and PI 280064 for harvest index were the best general combiners for respective traits. The cross HUP 1 x Pusa 10 was most outstanding hybrid as it exhibited high SCA effect and heterosis over better parent. The correlation coefficient r between the GCA effects and mean of parents was significantly correlated for most of the characters. Implications of genotype x environment interaction on combining ability has been discussed.

Advances in the production of cool season food legumes

AbstractDisease resistance, increased crop residues and altered plant and canopy design are the primary strategies being used to solve the major problems of cool season food legumes that are an integral component of cropping systems in the rainfed areas of the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Dry pea, seed pea and lentil predominate among these legumes, but there is increasing interest in chickpea. Several diseases are major hazards to production, including root rots, wilts, powdery mildew, Ascochyta blight, and viruses. Pea and lentil cultivan resistant to root rots, wilts, and powdery mildew are being developed and released. Progress is being made on resistance to v iruses transmitted by aphids, including pea enation mosaic and bean leaf roll. Development of res istant cultivars has been the principal control strategy for several diseases: Ascochyta blight of chickpea and lentil; root rots and wilts of pea, lentil, and chickpea; powdery mildew of pea; and viruses of pea and lentil. Chickpea cultivars resistant to Ascochyta blight were recently made avallable to producers. Another problem is that crop residues are insufficient to control erosion. Research is underway on genetically increasing biomass and residue production in lentil and dry pea and on producing more lignified stems and other plant parts that are more resistant to breakdown during harvesting and subsequent tillage. Increased biomass also might increase grain yields and red uce harvesting losses. The semi-leafless and woody stem traits in pea, the bushy plant types of lentil and chickpea, and diverse pod traits in all the legumes have shown promise for increased yield potential, ease of harvest, and reduced shattering losses.