Interim periods between peak and off-peak operations in urban rail transit networks often suffer from mismatched headways across lines, which increases passenger transfer waiting and operating costs. This paper proposes a passenger-oriented timetable synchronization method for network-wide interim period train service. In this study, based on the AFC data, passengers are assigned to the shortest travel time paths, and passenger transfer flows are linked to connecting train pairs by consideration of the maximum acceptable waiting time. As a result, the transfer waiting time is accurately calculated by matching passengers’ platform arrival times with the departures of feasible connecting trains. A mixed integer nonlinear programming model then jointly optimizes departure headways at each line’s first station, arrival and departure times at transfer stations, subject to safety headways and time bounds. The objective minimizes total cost, combining transfer waiting time cost and train operating cost (depreciation and distance-related cost). A simulated-annealing-based genetic algorithm (SA-GA) is designed to solve the NP-hard problem. A case study on the Nanjing rail transit network from 6:30 to 7:30 reduces total cost by 6.88%, including 3.77% lower transfer waiting time cost and 14.49% lower operating cost, and shows stable results under typical transfer demand fluctuations.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of sprint interval training with voluntary hypoventilation (VHL) on aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism in young men. Fourteen healthy male university students were randomly assigned to a normal breathing group (CON, n = 7) or a VHL group (n = 7). Both groups performed repeated sprint training for three weeks. Pre- and Post-training, we assessed maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) as an index of aerobic capacity, and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) and repeated sprint ability (RSA) as indices of anaerobic energy metabolism, together with VO₂, oxygen pulse, and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO₂) during the RSA test. During training, SpO₂ transiently decreased in the VHL group. After the three-week intervention, VO₂max increased significantly in the VHL group, whereas no significant change was observed in the CON group. During the RSA test, oxygen pulse and VO₂ during the later sprint repetitions were also higher post-training in the VHL group only, while MAOD did not change in either group. Sprint interval training with VHL enhanced oxidative metabolism through improvements in VO₂max and oxygen pulse, thereby supporting sustained performance during repeated sprints. However, anaerobic metabolic capacity (MAOD) did not improve within the short training period. As VHL requires no altitude exposure or artificial hypoxic devices, it may serve as a practical and accessible training strategy.

This study examined the longitudinal patterns of concurrent aerobic and resistance training in young elite rowers to address the limited understanding of how training volume, modality, and periodisation interact across a season, and to introduce a novel rowing-specific resistance training classification. A retrospective design was used to analyse group training data over 36 weeks (n = 9; 20.6 ± 0.5 years), and individual case studies over 55 weeks (n = 4; 21.6 ± 0.4 years). Aerobic loads, resistance training tonnage, and ergometer performance (power output) were tracked, with resistance exercises categorised as rowing-specific, upper accessory, lower accessory, or core. Weekly aerobic volume averaged 14.0 ± 5.0 h, and rowing-specific resistance accounted for 48–57% of total tonnage (14.13 × 103 ± 7.41 × 103 kg). Exploratory analyses suggested an inverse relationship between aerobic, and resistance loads across training phases and trends toward improved ergometer power in three of four case athletes. High concurrent loads also appeared to coincide with occasional missed or modified sessions in several cases. These findings highlight the importance of managing concurrent loads to support consistent training while offering a practical resistance training classification that may enhance monitoring and decision-making for developing rowers.

Basic military training is crucial for preparing civilians for military life. This period prepares them with physical and cognitive skills required for military service. However, basic military training is marked by a high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries. In addition, female sex has been identified as a risk factor in military training courses, contributing to higher medical treatment costs and reduced operational readiness. To investigate the incidence of musculoskeletal symptoms and injuries in male and female recruits during sixteen weeks of Brazilian Marine Basic Military Training, as well as to assess their potential risk factors. A total of 626 military recruits were enrolled in the training period. The study was divided into two phases. Firstly, a cross-sectional analysis included body composition assessment and physical fitness tests. Secondly, a retrospective analysis included the application of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptoms Questionnaire (NMQ) at the end of the course to assess the musculoskeletal complaints experienced by the recruits. A logistic regression analysis investigated factors associated with injuries, adjusting for physical fitness variables. Data analysis was performed using Jamovi software, with a significance level set at 0.05. The NMQ revealed that women had a higher risk in the following categories: any symptom, symptoms that resulted in time loss from duties, symptoms that required medical attention, symptoms in the 7 days preceding the baseline evaluation, trunk injuries, upper and lower limbs injuries. However, after adjusting for physical fitness variables, the fitness-related factors associated with the incidence of musculoskeletal symptoms were body fat percentage and running performance only for symptoms that led to medical consultation or duty restriction. Sex was associated only with the week in which the NMQ was administered. The activities associated with a higher risk of injuries in women were drill and ceremonies, load carriage marching, and obstacle courses. The present study identified that sex, body fat percentage, and running performance were risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in recruits. Additionally, physical training, loaded marching, and running were the activities most associated with injuries during the training course.

Despite injury being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, especially in low- and middle-income countries, including India, there is a lack of pediatric-specific resuscitation training programs. This study evaluates the impact of Pediatric Trauma Resuscitation Module (PTRM) training on patient outcomes in a Level 1 trauma center in Northern India. A pre-post-intervention study was conducted at Level 1 trauma center in Northern India. The study consisted of a 12-month pre-training phase, a 3-month PTRM training period, and a 12-month post-intervention phase. All pediatric trauma patients admitted during the two 12-month periods were enrolled. Data on patient demographics, injury characteristics, time to interventions, and outcomes were collected and compared between the two phases. A total of 164 pediatric trauma patients were included (73 pre-training, 91 post-training); both groups had comparable baseline characteristics. Post-PTRM implementation, survival at 72h improved significantly from 86. % to 94.5%; P = 0.048, and the mean hospital stay decreased from 15.5 (4.8) to 13.2 (3.9) days (P < 0.021). Mortality within the first 60min of admission was observed in the pre-PTRM study group (%) but was absent post-PTRM (P = 0.042). Specialist consultation times showed marked improvement, with 34.2% of patients reviewed within 1-2h post-training compared to none pre-training (P < 0.001). The study reiterates the need wider implementation of PTRM in India to improve pediatric trauma care.

Background: Psychological distress characterized by symptoms of depression, anxiety, and physiological manifestations such as fatigue and sleep disturbances is increasingly recognized as a significant concern among health care trainees. Physiotherapy interns are particularly susceptible due to the transition from academic learning to intensive clinical responsibilities, heightened performance expectations, and uncertainties regarding professional competence and future employment. Understanding the burden of distress in this group is essential for guiding support strategies during their training period. Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychological distress among physiotherapy interns. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 122 physiotherapy interns including both male and females within the age range of 22-26 years. Participants completed the self-administered DASS-42 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS version 20.0. Interns who consented to participate were included, while those on psychiatric treatment or those who provided incomplete responses were excluded. Results: The findings demonstrated that psychological distress was prevalent at moderate to severe levels among physiotherapy interns. Gender-based analysis indicated that female interns exhibited predominantly severe distress profiles, whereas male interns reported mild to moderate levels. Age-wise distribution revealed that interns aged 22–24 years showed the highest burden of distress across the DASS domains. Conclusion: Psychological distress is notably high among physiotherapy interns, with greater severity observed in females and in interns at the younger end of the internship age range. These findings underscore the need for early screening, structured mental-health support systems, and interventions aimed at promoting emotional resilience during internship training. Keywords: Psychological distress, Physiotherapy interns, DASS-42, Mental health, Prevalence

Background Medication errors are amongst the major preventable causes of patient harm and recent literature reveals their frequent under-reporting. Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practices of nurses towards medication administration error reporting is the initial step towards improving patient safety. Methods An observational, cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire-based study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of New Delhi, India. Questionnaire was tested for validity and with an intended convenience sample of 200, was shared with 250 nurses considering previous response rate (RR) of 80%. However, we received only 120 responses (RR: 48%). Thereafter, the questionnaire was shared by snowball sampling and responses from 216 nurses were obtained and included. Data was summarized using frequency and percentages in a Microsoft excel sheet. Results Majority of nurses had knowledge towards what constitutes medication errors and 98% nurses believed that all errors should be reported regardless of whether the patient was harmed or not. High workload was considered as major contributor to errors. In total, 40% of nurses documented that they have reported errors but out of these 54% nurses reported errors verbally. Majority of the nurses (78%) reported the medication errors to the nursing-in-charge. Fear of being blamed and punished (68%) and losing trust of patient and family (51%) were mentioned as the most common barriers to reporting. Conclusions Even though nurse's knowledge and attitudes towards medication administration error reporting was positive; fear contributes substantially to under-reporting. Fostering a culture of non-punitive reporting, periodic training of nurses and streamlining the reporting mechanism will increase the reporting rate.

Horses are social animals, with early life experiences playing a crucial role in their physiological and behavioral development. This study explored the influence of herd dynamics and foundational training on behavioral and hormonal changes in weaned foals. We examined 13 six-month-old Quarter Horse foals over a three-month training period, performing behavioral observations, temperament assessments, and hormone analyses at the start, midpoint, and end of the training. The results indicated that affiliative behaviors decreased significantly, while agonistic behaviors first increased and then decreased. Cortisol levels consistently declined throughout this study, whereas oxytocin levels remained stable. Linear regression analysis showed that cortisol was positively associated with affiliative behaviors and influenced by fearfulness and stubbornness. Conversely, oxytocin was positively associated with friendliness. The handlers' proficiency significantly affected the foals' outcomes; those managed by more skilled handlers exhibited significant improvements in confidence, friendliness, and reductions in cortisol, fearfulness, and stubbornness. These findings suggest the importance of handler skill in influencing equine behavior and hormonal balance. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the significant impacts of socialization and training on the behavioral, temperamental, and hormonal profiles of weaned foals, confirming the importance of handler expertise in fostering desirable traits in young horses.

This research was conducted to mapping the boundaries of paddy fields in Kepanjen District, Malang Regency, using the U-Net deep learning model based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for image classification per pixel. The input used was WorldView-2 imagery, and the model was trained with 25, 75, and 150 epochs variety to evaluate its performance in accurately classifying paddy field use down to the parcel scale. The 75 epochs variation model was used for image classification because it has balance between model performance and training period. Validation test were conducted using paired T-test to identify statisfically significant differences between the classified image paddy area and the actual field conditions. The results showed that U-Net model with various epoch variations did not differ significantly in terms of performance, the time taken for the model to learn the dataset per epoch, or accuracy, which reached 90%. The model was able to accurately classify paddy and non-paddy land use in WorldView-2 imagery down to the plot scale. Based on WorldView-2 image segmentation to identify paddy field boundaries, the paddy field area is 1217 Ha. The results were validated by comparing the area of rice fields in the image with the actual area of rice fields in the field. Validation test result with actual paddy area showed a calculated T (0,5486) lower than the T table (1,9603) and a p value (0,5833) greather than 0,05. This indicates no significant mean difference between the two data sets (ground check and imagery). The lack of significant difference provides strong evidence that the U-Net model is effective for mapping paddy plot boundaries on a large scale.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) may elicit different skeletal muscle responses compared to work-matched moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). The effect of work-matched HIIT versus MICT on myofibrillar protein synthesis remains to be determined. In the present study, we assessed the effect of short-term HIIT versus MICT on myofibrillar protein synthesis rates using a single-leg within-participant design. Ten healthy young men (age: 20 ± 1years) performed six to eight training sessions with each leg over 2weeks while ingesting deuterated water to assess myofibrillar protein synthesis. One leg was randomly assigned to perform HIIT and the other MICT. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected at rest from one leg before and after a 2-week habituation period and from both legs after the training period to assess myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. HIIT and MICT increased single-leg maximal power output (main effect, p < .01), with no differences between legs (interaction: p = .61). Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates did not differ between the habituation period, MICT, or HIIT (1.39 ± 0.16%, 1.24 ± 0.30%, and 1.42 ± 0.31% per day, respectively; p = .29). In conclusion, we observed no detectable differences in daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates between HIIT or work-matched MICT when assessed over a 2-week exercise training period in recreationally active young adult men.

Smart sports technology can improve the technical and tactical level of youth soccer players through a new generation of information technology, combined with the laws of physical and mental development of young people, and through systematic and scientific training methods. This study verifies the effectiveness of smart sports technology in improving the level of youth soccer through application in youth soccer training. Method: recruit 40 adolescents (20 males and 20 females) involved in soccer training, aged 12-16 years (with informed consent of their guardians) for an 8-week period of 90-minute training, 3 times per week. 1. Use of technological monitoring undershirts (GPS trackers, heart rate monitors, and other equipment, weighing approximately 400 grams) to monitor exercise load during training in real time to avoid excessive fatigue. 2. Real-time tracking of players' running position, standing position, etc., through intelligent monitoring and tracking equipment in the intelligent soccer field, generating real-time data through AI algorithms to help the coaching team formulate targeted training programs. 3. Use intelligent soccer to collect real-time data of players' touching parts, passing, shooting, etc., to generate personalized training data and real-time feedback to the coaching team to improve the athletes' deficiencies. Through the use of intelligent sports technology, the motivation of athletes can be improved; real-time feedback and personalized reports provided by AI algorithms can help the coaching team to improve the technical and tactical level of athletes, enhance training programs, and improve training results; real-time physiological data of athletes obtained through the use of monitoring devices can effectively ensure sports safety. The real-time feedback data obtained through the intervention of smart sports technology in training can improve the rationality of athletes' running routes, touching parts of the ball, and the way of force generation when hitting the ball, and improve the training effect, which has certain practical significance. However, because this study relies heavily on the technical equipment of smart sports, it has a high cost and may not be able to be replicated on a larger scale, so the next step is to explore how to reduce cost and increase efficiency.

Substance use (SU) and mental health disorders are the leading cause of maternal deaths in the United States, and individuals living in rural communities and those who identify as Native American or Alaska Native are disproportionately affected. The new ELEVATE Maternal Health Center of Excellence brings together an interdisciplinary team and strong community partnerships to help address these concerns by rigorously developing and evaluating interventions to improve the care of, and reduce mortality and morbidity for, pregnant patients with SU disorder (SUD) with a focus on rural and Native populations. ELEVATE is comprised of a Community Engagement Core, a Training Core, an Implementation Integration Core, and 2 large-scale research projects focused on reducing maternal morbidity from SUD. ELEVATE members are actively engaged with community partners across the state with interests in Native health, minority health, rural health, and SUD through Community Advisory Board meetings and bidirectional communication. The 2 research projects focus on (1) adaptation of a culturally sensitive clinical program for Native mothers with SUD in the perinatal time period and (2) development of a healthcare provider training to reduce stigma and improve evidence-based care for patients with SUD who are giving birth. Information gleaned from these projects will be disseminated across Utah, and nationally, to improve outcomes for pregnant and postpartum people with SUD and ultimately help eliminate preventable maternal deaths. The multipronged approach of the ELEVATE Center will reduce maternal morbidity from SU in Utah while training the next generation of scientists focused on morbidity reduction.

Dose-response relationship of resistance training and the effects on circulating biomarkers of inflammation or neuroplasticity in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Urine sterols metabolomics study during summer training of winter paralympic snowboarders.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of BOSU ball exercises on balance performance in elite volleyball players. A total of 36 elite athletes (20 male, 16 female) competing in the Turkish Volleyball 1st League voluntarily participated in the study. In addition to their regular volleyball training, the participants performed BOSU ball exercises for six weeks. A pre-test-post-test experimental design was employed, and both static and dynamic balance performances were evaluated using the SportKAT 4000 balance measurement device. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 26.0 software. The findings revealed statistically significant improvements in all balance parameters for both male and female athletes following the training period (p&lt;.05). Particularly, large effect sizes (Cohen’s d&gt;0.8) were observed in the static right leg and dynamic right leg balance scores. These results indicate that BOSU ball exercises enhance postural control and proprioceptive sensitivity by promoting neuromuscular adaptation within a relatively short period of time. In conclusion, BOSU ball exercises are an effective training method for improving static and dynamic balance, strengthening neuromuscular coordination, and enhancing postural stability in elite volleyball players. Therefore, BOSU-based balance training can be recommended as a complementary component in performance programs for sports such as volleyball, where balance, agility, and strength are key performance determinants.

Adolescence is a critical developmental stage and a national health priority, yet many adolescents, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas, still experience limited access to health education, first-aid literacy, and hygienic practices. This community service initiative aimed to strengthen students’ preparedness and health literacy through structured training on First Aid (P3K) and Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) at SMP Islam As-Syarief Karangtengah. The program consisted of educational sessions, demonstrations, and guided discussions. Results showed that students demonstrated strong PHBS knowledge but variable understanding of first-aid wound care, indicating the need for more sustained reinforcement. Although no formal skills assessment was conducted, observational findings suggested increased engagement and growing confidence in basic first-aid concepts. The outcomes highlight the importance of integrating continuous mentorship, periodic refresher training, and stronger collaboration with local health centers to support practical skill development. Schools are encouraged to institutionalize student-led health initiatives, such as adolescent health posts, to ensure sustainability. Future programs should incorporate structured skill assessments and follow-up evaluations to maximize behavioral impact and strengthen school-based health promotion.

This study aims to examine how limited system access impacts employee work efficiency in the Customer Experience Department of Discova travel agency. Along with the increasing demand for fast and precise customer service, limited access to systems TourPlan and other supporting platforms is a significant obstacle in daily operations. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, literature studies, and documentation. The results showed that technical constraints such as log in limitations, non-user-friendly systems, and slow system performance, directly reduce productivity and customer service quality. In addition, non-technical factors such as team communication and work culture also affect overall efficiency. As a solution, optimization of the system infrastructure is required, including increased log in capacity, system integration, and periodic training for employees. This research provides strategic recommendations to improve work efficiency through technical improvements and human resource competency development in order to support superior service quality in the travel agency industry.

Recently, graph contrastive learning (GCL) has attracted considerable attention in social recommendation, owing to its ability to enhance the robustness of node embedding learning against noise and data sparsity. Despite their effectiveness, we argue that existing GCL-based methods remain limited by three key issues: (1) during graph propagation, they rely on uniform neighbor aggregation and non-adaptive embedding readout, leading to suboptimal node representations; (2) when constructing contrastive views, they typically adopt graph augmentations based on stochastic perturbations of graph-structured data, which may undermine model fidelity; (3) during model optimization, they treat all observed instances equally, forgoing the subtle difference of each positive sample at different training periods. To address these limitations, we propose an effective and efficient graph contrastive learning framework (EGCL) for social recommendation. Specifically, we devise a graph adaptive propagation module to learn informative embeddings of all items and users. Furthermore, we devise an augmentation-free dual CL paradigm, which consists of intra-CL within a single domain and inter-CL between two separate domains. In addition, we develop a self-adaptive weighted supervised learning paradigm and formulate the whole training procedure as a bi-level optimization problem. Extensive experiments are performed on four benchmarks, demonstrating the effectiveness and efficiency of EGCL over recent state-of-the-art recommenders. Our implementation and datasets are available at https://github.com/wubinzzu/EGCL.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of audiovisual N-back task training on working memory and audiovisual integration ability in older adults. Twenty healthy older adults underwent 40 sessions of audiovisual N-back training, while 18 healthy older adults served as controls. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and performance data were collected at baseline and end of the training period. The results indicated that working memory in older adults gradually improved with training. In the audiovisual 3-back task, the training enhanced the discriminability index (d') and reduced the latency of the N2 component evoked by target stimuli in older adults, compared with the control group. Furthermore, the training significantly enhanced the audiovisual integration abilities of older adults at the earlier stage of processing in 180-200 ms. This study demonstrates that audiovisual N-back training effectively improves working memory and early-stage audiovisual integration abilities in older adults. The findings highlight the potential of audiovisual N-back task training as an efficient method for enhancing cognitive and perceptual abilities in older adults and counteracting age-related brain decline.

While traditional rowing metrics such as stroke rate and split times offer basic performance feedback, they do not fully reflect individual physiological responses, and the relationship between external and internal training loads remains inadequately characterized in rowing ergometer training. This study systematically investigated the correlations between two key internal load measures-training impulse (TRIMP) and session rating of perceived exertion training load (sRPETL)-and three biomechanical external load indicators in elite rowers, with the aim of establishing a more comprehensive training monitoring framework. Thirty elite male rowers (age 22.1 ± 3.6years, VO₂max 64.5 ± 6.1mL·min-1·kg-1) were monitored throughout a 48-week preparatory training period, with 1196 sessions analyzed. Participants who had missed more than three months of training were excluded. External training load metrics-including duration, stroke rate, stroke count (SC), and 500-m split time-and internal training load measures (TRIMP and sRPETL) were collected using standardized procedures. The percentage of boat speed (S%) was calculated by comparing the average boat speed during training to an individually determined maximum speed. Most external load measures, except duration, split time, and stroke rate, showed significant correlations with sRPETL (p < .001, FDR-adjusted). Individualized metrics strengthened these relationships, with SC and S% demonstrating moderate correlations with sRPETL (r = .41 and r = .40, respectively; p < .001, FDR-adjusted p = .002). TRIMP correlated with all external load metrics except stroke rate and count, most strongly with S% (r = .39, p < .001, FDR-adjusted p = .002). Multivariate regression identified SC, S%, and TRIMP as the strongest predictors of sRPETL (marginal R2 = .50; model: Y = - 477.8 + 3.477 × S% + 17.262 × SC + 2.156 × TRIMP). In summary, S%, SC, and TRIMP were identified as optimal parameters for monitoring training load, collectively accounting for 50% of the variance in sRPETL-outperforming conventional external load metrics. These results support the integration of individualized speed measures with physiological and perceptual indicators to enhance the precision of training prescription in elite rowing programs.