Training Of Trainers Research Articles

Peer Group Method Can Improve Adolescent Behavior in Prevention of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a disease that often attacks women's reproductive health. So we need a communityempowerment in the form of training of trainers to improve cervical cancer prevention behavior inadolescents with a peer group method approach. Facilitation activities include counseling on peer group learning methods, conducting training on improving behavior in preventing cervical cancer with the peer group method for adolescents. Activities carried out for one month, starting from planning, preparation, implementation and evaluation. This training was able to increase knowledge, attitudes and behavior in preventing cervical cancer in adolescents. It is recommended that participants who have been trained to be tutors are able to train their peers at school and in their neighborhood.

Общая физическая подготовка курсантов в образовательных организациях МВД России

Introduction. Good physical fitness is an important component of human health and the basis of high professional performance. For a police officer, physical training is not only a means of keeping and maintaining good health, energy and high efficiency, but also an essential element of service activity, which involves the use of physical force and combat fighting techniques. The very process of mastering fighting techniques, forming the necessary motor skills and abilities and their further improvement proceeds much more successfully on the background of a high level of general physical fitness. The relevance of the researchconsists in the high importance of general physical training, which is the foundation of all professional-applied training of cadets and trainees, contributing to the formation of necessary knowledge and skills to organise their life in accordance with socially significant ideas about healthy lifestyles, as well as the ability to independently maintain the necessary level of physical fitness for full professional activity.
 Research methods. Analysis of documents regulating the educational activities of cadets and trainees in physical training in educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, survey of specialists giving practical courses in the discipline «Physical training», study of changes in testing indicators of general physical training of cadets, methods of mathematical statistics.
 Results. The authors have studied regulatory documents, experts’ opinions, examined the dynamics of changes in the level of general physical fitness of cadets of St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia based on the results of control standards. Both absolute indices and indices, expressed in points, have been investigated. On the basis of the carried out researches measures of further increase of efficiency of the general physical training of students in educational organisations of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are defined.

Strengthening Health Literacy Through Structured Sessions for Non-Communicable Diseases in Low-Resource Settings: The Learning Nest Model.

Health literate self-management education is at stake for the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases in low resources settings and countries. Here we describe the Learning Nest in Ordinary Context (NA-CO in French, Nids d'Apprentissage en Contexte Ordinaire) aiming at the structuring of health education programs at the micro- (education sessions) and the meso-levels (adapted to context). The Learning Nest model was designed based on a combination on health literacy principles and on studies conducted with vulnerable people with non-communicable diseases. Observation of NA-CO active-learning sessions found them to be operational and relevant as they center on access, understanding, and use of health information while integrating the ordinary context of learners. The Learning Nest packages (including several adapted thematic sessions, training of trainers and development in context) were shown to be feasible and realistic in diverse locations (Reunion, Mali, Mayotte, Mauritius, Burundi). Qualitative and intervention studies have documented the potential usefulness of the Learning Nest model for context- and setting-specific health literacy interventions.

General practice undergraduate and vocational training: ambulatory teaching and trainers’ curriculum and remuneration – a cross-sectional study among 30 member countries of WONCA Europe

BackgroundAfter a long phase without any propositions for real ambulatory training inside general practitioners’ offices, general practice (GP) vocational training has begun to appear progressively and has been integrated into undergraduate medical programmes. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of GP vocational training and GP trainers in member countries of the World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians (WONCA) Europe.MethodWe carried out this cross-sectional study between September 2018 and March 2020. The participants responded to a questionnaire in real-life conversations, video conferences or e-mail exchanges. The respondents included GP trainers, teachers and general practitioners involved in the GP curriculum recruited during European GP congresses.ResultsRepresentatives from 30 out of 45 WONCA Europe member countries responded to the questionnaire. Based on their responses, there is a well-established period for GP internships in undergraduate medical programmes, but with varying lengths. The programmes for some countries offer an internship after students graduate from medical school but before GP specialisation to ensure the career choice of the trainees. After specialisation, private practice GP internships are offered; however, in-hospital GP internships are more common. GP trainees no longer have a passive role during their internships. GP trainers are selected based on specific criteria and in countries, they have to follow some teacher training programmes. In addition to income from medical appointments carried out by GP trainees, GP trainers from some countries receive additional remuneration from various organisations.ConclusionThis study collected information on how undergraduate and postgraduate medical students are exposed to GP, how GP training is organised and the actual status of GP trainers among WONCA Europe member countries. Our exploration of GP training provides an update of the data collected by Isabel Santos and Vitor Ramos in the 1990s and describes some specificities that can inspire other organisations to prepare young, highly qualified general practitioners.

Perspectives to Strengthening Competencies of Judges in The Supreme Court of The Republic of Indonesia

Judges as court apparatus, play a pivotal role in improving organizational performance and enhancing public trust. They are the sole actor who determines the quality of court decisions. However, the cases in the four courts, namely general, religious, state administrative and military courts seemed to outnumber the judges; hence retaining highly skilled judges to rule and write decisions within the time frame is paramount. Using a stakeholder theory approach, this article explores the competency-based development model for judges carried out by the technical training centre of the Indonesian Supreme Court. The research method was descriptive qualitative, purposive sampling for in-depth interviews. The result revealed that each stakeholder, namely technical training managers, supporting lecturers or trainers, working unit, and the public, showed different perspectives on judges' competencies, knowledge, skills, and attitude due to different interests. Stakeholders' views highlighted several points: analytical thinking skill improvement, knowledge application, character building, adaptive skills development and reassignment. This study, therefore, provides a new model of judges' competencies development that emphasizes a throughout human resources management activity application, starting from carrying out apparatus management strategy as a response to bureaucracy reform, strategic environmental changes, and science and information technology development; applying human resources development strategy with stakeholder participation approach through training and development centre; and creating apparatus reassignment strategy. These three strategies lead to an agile civil apparatus to achieve good governance.

PENGARUH PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU HAMIL TENTANG PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MUARA SATU KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE

The Exclusive Breastfeeding program promotes the only breastfeeding administration for the baby for the first 6 (six) months without adding and changing the breastfeeding with other kinds of food and drink. Based on the coverage of the Exclusive Breastfeeding Administration at Puskesmas (Community Health Center) Muara Satu in 2013, which was 44.6%, the media of health promotion done to change pregnant mothers' behavior was the lecture method with leaflet distribution. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to find out the influence of health promotion through the lecture method with the media of leaflets on the knowledge and attitude of pregnant mothers in Exclusive Breastfeeding Administration in the working area of Puskesmas Muara Satu, the city of Lhokseumawe in 2020. The population of the quasi-experimental study was 156 pregnant mothers living in the working area of Puskesmas Muara Satu in June 2020. The samples for this study were 25 pregnant mothers for the case/treatment group carried out in Desa Blang Pulo, and 25 pregnant mothers for the control group in Desa Batuphat Barat. The samples were selected through a purposive sampling method from the village under the criteria that in the village lived 25 pregnant mothers. The data obtained for this study with a non-randomized control group pretest post-test design were analyzed through the Independent t-test method. This study showed that there was an influence of health extension through the lecture method with the media of leaflets to improve the score of knowledge and attitude of pregnant mothers on the Exclusive Breastfeeding Administration with p-value = 0.001 < 0.05. The Head of Lhokseumawe Municipal Health Service is suggested to provide continuous training in Training of Trainer (TOT). The health extension workers should be more active in educating pregnant mothers about the Exclusive Breastfeeding Administration.

Trainers’ competence in the knowledge of the subject content in technical vocational education and training institutions in Bungoma County, Kenya

The purpose of the study was to examine Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Trainer’s competence in the knowledge of the subject content in technical vocational education and training institutions in Bungoma county, Kenya. Understanding trainers’ competence in the knowledge of the subject content has implications for the quality of training because it influences trainers’ motivation, informs curriculum designs and helps to develop department trainer development programs. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study targeted trainers from the major Technical Vocational Education and Training institutions in Bungoma county, Kenya. The researchers constructed a questionnaire which was used to gather data, which was later analyzed using SPSS. Results indicated that most trainers were satisfied with the training organization and agreed that the tasks and assignments were adequate for teaching and learning. However, majority noted that they are not well motivated, there were delays in provision of timely feedback to the trainees, and that the instructional equipment and materials were inadequate for training and learning. The study concluded that it’s important for all aspects which impact on the quality of teaching and learning to be available for competence development. The study recommended that Technical Vocational Education and Training institutions should lobby the national and county government for more funds to enhance trainers’ salaries and wages as a way of motivating them; increased budget for Technical Vocational Education and Training institutions to enable them purchase the latest training tools, equipment and materials; and that Technical Vocational Education and Training institution administrators control the quality of training by establishing quality assurance offices to coordinate all levels of Technical Vocational Education and Training in Kenya.

The Use of Alphabet Flash Cards Learning Media in the Process of Learning While Playing at the Community Learning Activity Center in North Sulawesi Province

The development of the out-of-school education sector has a strategic role in improving the quality of human resources. In order to increase motivation and learning achievement of citizens learning to read, learning media is needed in the form of alphabet cards that are used by learning resources to develop learning models while playing for learning citizens. The purpose of this research is to: 1) design alphabet card learning media in the application of the development of the learning process, 2) applying the development of the learning process, and 3) finding the effectiveness of the implementation of the development of the learning process of reading while playing through the learning media of alphabet cards for citizens learning literacy in PKBM, North Sulawesi Province. This study has used the ”research and development” method, following the stages of ADDIE model development research (analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate) in 4 districts: 1) South Bolaang Mongondow, 2) East Bolaang Mongondow, 3) Talaud Islands, and 4) North Minahasa. This research is designed for 2 years and the first year, 2022, has been carried out in 3 stages, namely: 1) analyze stage, 2) design stage, and 3) development stage. Meanwhile, for the second year, there will be 2 stages, the implementation stage and the evaluation stage. It was concluded that: 1) prototype product design of Alphabet Card Learning Media can be understood and mastered by learning citizens; 2) the application of the development of the learning process is carried out through stages: (1) Recruitment of tutors, learning residents, and forming study groups; (2) Conducting training of trainers (TOT) for tutors; and (3) trials development; 3. The learning process is effective because: (1) The learning residents who were formerly literate but forgot their letters have re-learned them. (2) An improvement in the cognitive abilities of learning citizens; (3) A better ability to put letters together to form meaningful words; (4). Citizens who are learning become more involved. It is suggested that: 1) The teacher must develop an adaptable lesson plan; 2) The following aspects require revision: (1) the physical card alphabet’s size in both height and width; (2). For the sake of IPR and patent rights, a unique logo is required. 3). At the implementation and evaluation stage, this study must be continued.
 Keywords: learning to read, while playing, alphabet cards

TVET SI: Evaluating Boundary Crossing Social Learning in Vocational Education and Training: A value creation approach

This article focuses on the development and application of an evaluation model and approach for evaluating boundary crossing social learning in a Vocational Education and Training (VET) learning network in South Africa, with an emphasis on a Training of Trainers (ToT) course that helped to catalyse and strengthen this learning network via two iterations of the course over an eight-year period. The article shares how we adapted the value creation framework (VCF) of Wenger, Traynor and De Laat (2011; Wenger & Wenger-Traynor, 2020) in the evaluation of a VET Training of Trainers (ToT) programme and learning network that focussed on the uptake and circulation of rainwater harvesting and conservation (RWH&C) knowledge in a particular formal and informal VET context in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, where smallholder farmers were struggling to find water for producing food. The evaluated ToT course was catalytic in establishing a boundary crossing social learning network approach in a VET context that linked formal and informal VET (Lotz-Sisitka et al., 2016; Lotz-Sisitka et al., 2022; Pesanayi, 2019); hence we found it important to develop adequate tools for its evaluation. The focus of this article is to share how we developed an evaluation approach to this work. We share insights on the indicators developed for diff erent types of value created, and also insights gained into the use of this evaluation approach in a boundary crossing VET social learning project that took a ToT course as focus. In short, evaluation findings show that the boundary crossing ToT course off ers strong immediate, potential and applied value that can lead to realised and reframed value, especially if supported by ongoing learning network activities that follow the initial engagement in the boundary crossing ToT course. Th is leads, over time, to transformative value which is important in achieving the overall objective of such social learning, namely making knowledge more co-engaging, accessible and useful in the context where improved food security via better use of rainwater harvesting and conservation amongst smallholder farmers and household food producers is a necessary form of sustainable development. Orientation value, and enabling value were found to be vital for the emergence of other kinds of value. The evaluation model also allows for the lifting out of strategic value which points to wider uptake potential. All this creates the possibility for indicator development that can help inform iterative development of boundary crossing VET courses used to stimulate the co-construction of learning networks and ongoing social learning for sustainable development.
 Keywords: Vocational Education and Training, evaluation, social learning, value creation framework

TVET SI: Evaluating Boundary Crossing Social Learning in Vocational Education and Training: A value creation approach

This article focuses on the development and application of an evaluation model and approach for evaluating boundary crossing social learning in a Vocational Education and Training (VET) learning network in South Africa, with an emphasis on a Training of Trainers (ToT) course that helped to catalyse and strengthen this learning network via two iterations of the course over an eight-year period. The article shares how we adapted the value creation framework (VCF) of Wenger, Traynor and De Laat (2011; Wenger & Wenger-Traynor, 2020) in the evaluation of a VET Training of Trainers (ToT) programme and learning network that focussed on the uptake and circulation of rainwater harvesting and conservation (RWH&C) knowledge in a particular formal and informal VET context in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, where smallholder farmers were struggling to find water for producing food. The evaluated ToT course was catalytic in establishing a boundary crossing social learning network approach in a VET context that linked formal and informal VET (Lotz-Sisitka et al., 2016; Lotz-Sisitka et al., 2022; Pesanayi, 2019); hence we found it important to develop adequate tools for its evaluation. The focus of this article is to share how we developed an evaluation approach to this work. We share insights on the indicators developed for diff erent types of value created, and also insights gained into the use of this evaluation approach in a boundary crossing VET social learning project that took a ToT course as focus. In short, evaluation findings show that the boundary crossing ToT course off ers strong immediate, potential and applied value that can lead to realised and reframed value, especially if supported by ongoing learning network activities that follow the initial engagement in the boundary crossing ToT course. Th is leads, over time, to transformative value which is important in achieving the overall objective of such social learning, namely making knowledge more co-engaging, accessible and useful in the context where improved food security via better use of rainwater harvesting and conservation amongst smallholder farmers and household food producers is a necessary form of sustainable development. Orientation value, and enabling value were found to be vital for the emergence of other kinds of value. The evaluation model also allows for the lifting out of strategic value which points to wider uptake potential. All this creates the possibility for indicator development that can help inform iterative development of boundary crossing VET courses used to stimulate the co-construction of learning networks and ongoing social learning for sustainable development.
 Keywords: Vocational Education and Training, evaluation, social learning, value creation framework

Behavioral Indicator-Based Initial Flight Training Competency Assessment Model

Ensuring training safety is paramount to flight schools. In response to the inadequacy of traditional flight training assessment for comprehensive quantitative evaluation of cadet competency, an initial flight training competency assessment standard based on behavioral indicators was developed and optimized using the VENN model. Firstly, the Assessor Score Measurement Form (ASMF) was constructed according to the requirements of the Training Evaluation Worksheet specification, such as typical subjects, observations, and completion criteria. Secondly, based on the basic principles of the experience of the flight expert and the Competency-Based Training and Assessment (CBTA), a matrix of correlations between the observations and each competency-based behavioral indicator was created to construct a competency assessment matrix. In addition, a two-dimensional model for representing competency items characterized by behavioral indicators was established and an optimization model for competency assessment criteria was constructed. Finally, through combining actual flight training data, the proposed method was validated in the flight screening check phase. The results show that the optimized flight training competency assessment scheme can be well quantified and matched to real instructor ratings with an accuracy of 84%. The assessment worksheet, the assessment matrix, and the VENN competency rating model can be adapted to the different teaching requirements of each flight phase, achieving a perfect match between the behavioral indicators and the competency items, which is highly versatile. The proposed model can more accurately reflect the core competencies of flight trainees, enable quantitative assessment of behavioral indicators and competency items, and provide support for subsequent training of trainees.

Evaluation of an adapted virtual training for master trainers of the WHO Caregiver Skills Training Program during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted in-person professional activities. We developed and evaluated a remote training approach for master trainers of the Caregiver Skills Training Program. Master trainers support community practitioners, who in turn deliver the Caregiver Skills Training Program to caregivers of children with developmental delays or disabilities. The Caregiver Skills Training Program teaches caregivers how to use strategies to enhance learning and interactions during everyday play and home activities and routines with their child. The aim of this study was to evaluate the remote training of master trainers on Caregiver Skills Training Program. Twelve out of the 19 practitioners who enrolled in the training completed the study. The training consisted of a 5-day in-person session completed prior to the pandemic, followed by supporting participants' ability to identify Caregiver Skills Training Program strategies through coding of video recordings over 7 weekly meetings and group discussions and ended with participants independently coding a set of 10 videos for Caregiver Skills Training Program strategies. We found all but one participant was able to reliably identify Caregiver Skills Training Program strategies from video recordings despite a lack of ability to practice the Caregiver Skills Training Program strategies with children due to the pandemic. Taken together, our findings illustrate the feasibility and value of remote training approaches in implementing interventions.

Factors that influence development of speech pathology skills required for videofluoroscopic swallowing studies.

Perceptual, cognitive and previous clinical experience may influence a novice Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS) analyst's trajectory towards competency. Understanding these factors may allow trainees to be better prepared for VFSS training and may allow training to be developed to accommodate differences between trainees. This study explored a range of factors previously suggested in the literature as influencing the development of novice analysts' VFSS skills. We hypothesised that knowledge of swallow anatomy and physiology, visual perceptual skills, self-efficacy and interest, and prior clinical exposure would all influence VFSS novice analysts' skill development. Participants were undergraduate speech pathology students recruited from an Australian university, who had completed the required theoretical units in dysphagia. Data assessing the factors of interest were collected-the participants identified anatomical structures on a still radiographic image, completed a physiology questionnaire, completed subsections of the Developmental Test of Visual Processing-Adults, self-reported the number of dysphagia cases they managed on placement, and self-rated their confidence and interest. Data for 64 participants relating to the factors of interest were compared with their ability to accurately identify swallowing impairments following 15 h of VFSS analytical training, using correlation and regression analysis. Success in VFSS analytical training was best predicted by clinical exposure to dysphagia cases and the ability to identify anatomical landmarks on still radiographic images. Novice analysts vary in the acquisition of beginner-level VFSS analytical skill. Our findings suggest that speech pathologists who are new to VFSS may benefit from clinical exposure to dysphagia cases, sound foundational knowledge of anatomy relevant to swallowing and the ability to see the anatomical landmarks on still radiographic images. Further research is required to equip VFSS trainers and trainees for training, to understand differences between learners during skill development. What is already known on the subject The existing literature suggests that no vice Video fluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS) analysts training may be influenced by their personal characteristics and experience. What this study adds This study found that student clinicians, clinical exposure to dysphagia cases and their ability to identify anatomical landmarks relevant to swallowing on still radiographic images prior to training best predicted their ability to identify swallowing impairments after training. What are the clinical implications of this work? Given the expense of training health professionals, further research is required into the factors that successfully prepare clinicians for VFSS training, including clinical exposure, foundational knowledge of anatomy relevant to swallowing and the ability to identify the anatomical landmarks on still radiographic images.

Sustainability First: Evaluating a Digital Training of Trainers Approach for Lay First Responders in a Post-COVID-19 World

Introduction:Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the largest individual contributor to the global burden of injury and were among the five leading causes of global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2016. In regions with limited emergency medical services, training lay first responders (LFRs) has been shown to increase availability of prehospital care for RTIs, but sustainable mechanisms to scale these programs remain unstudied.Method:Using a training of trainers (TOT) model, a six-hour LFR training program was launched in Lagos, Nigeria. The course was taught in a hybrid fashion with primary didactics over Zoom and practical in-person breakout sessions. Thirty TOTs proceeded to train 350 transportation providers as LFRs over one month. A previously validated, 23 question, pre-/post- assessment was administered digitally to assess knowledge acquisition. Participants responded to five-point Likert survey assessing instruction quality and post-course confidence.Results:TOTs scored a median of 56.5% (IQR: 43.5%, 71.7%) and 91.3% (IQR: 88.0%, 95.7%) on the pre- and post-assessments, respectively, with bleeding control scores increasing most (+69.4%). Course trainees scored a median of 34.8% (IQR: 26.0%, 43.5%) and 73.9% (IQR: 65.2%, 82.6%) on the pre- and post-assessments, respectively, with airway and breathing increasing most (+48.6%). All score increases were statistically significant with p<0.001 and did not differ by trainer. Participants rated confidence 5/5 (IQR: 5,5) in first aid skills and 5/5 (IQR: 4,5) in emergency transportation, increasing from pre-course confidences of 3/5 (IQR: 3,4) and 4/5 (IQR: 3,5), respectively (p<0.001). Participants rated the quality of education content and TOT instructors to be 5/5 (IQR:5,5).Conclusion:This is the first time the efficacy of digital instruction for first responder trainers in LMICs has been investigated and demonstrates knowledge acquisition equivalent to that of prior in-person courses. Future work will examine the cost-effectiveness of the training of LFRs and the effect of LFRs on trauma outcomes.

Response to Mass-Casualty Incidents and Outbreaks: A Prehospital Disaster Training Package Developed for the National Emergency Medical Service in Sierra Leone

Introduction:In 2018 Sierra Leone, a country highly prone to disasters, launched its first National Emergency Medical Service (NEMS) aiming to strengthen the provision of essential health services to the population with the long-term goal of creating a resilient health system able to effectively respond to and recover from emergencies. The Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid, and Global Health (CRIMEDIM), together with the Italian NGO Doctors with Africa (CUAMM), under the supervision of the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), developed a prehospital Disaster Training Package (DTP) delivered to all NEMS personnel to boost the prehospital management of mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) and outbreaks.Method:The DTP was designed following the six-step approach to curriculum and training development with the ultimate goal of creating a workforce comprising qualified emergency responders with specific professional competencies to respond to outbreaks and MCIs. The DTP included a first phase in which NEMS local trainers underwent a training-of-trainers (ToT) course, enabling them to deliver cascade trainings to 16 district ambulance supervisors, 441 paramedics, 441 ambulance drivers, and 36 operators working in the NEMS operation center.Results:Starting on July 19, 2021, the ToT course was delivered to the seven national trainers. All trainers successfully passed the final examination and achieved high scores in the practical sessions, demonstrating active participation, commitment to the project, and good awareness. Following the ToT course, the series of cascade trainings started on August 2, 2021, delivered by the just-trained national trainers under the direct supervision of the two training managers.Conclusion:The NEMS’ DTP is the very first Disaster Medicine training course delivered to prehospital healthcare providers in Sierra Leone. The authors believe that the provision of the DTP to all NEMS personnel has the potential to improve Disaster Medicine culture among health professionals in the Country.

Community Advanced First Aid Training for Day-to-Day Emergency and Disaster Response in Nepal

Introduction:Nepal is a country with geographical difficulties in tackling day-to-day emergency healthcare and disaster preparedness. The aim is to develop community preparedness by training for day-to-day emergency and disaster response in Nepal to generate preventive and first aid awareness of consequences and complications of simple to severe emergency conditions during day-to-day emergencies and disasters.Method:It is an analysis of five years of advanced first-aid training at the Nepal Disaster and Emergency Medicine Center from July 2015 to March 2020. In April 2015, the earthquake affected 15 districts of Nepal.Results:During July 2015 to March 2020, NADEM has been training 3,995 Community First Aiders for Male Leaders and Active Community people: 1,315 special mothers’ group–Adolescent Maternity & Child Health First Aiders; 794 Ambulance Drivers–Advanced First Aid Trained of remote districts of Mountain and hilly region’s ambulance’s Drivers and Assistants ; 637 ToT First Aiders for Community School Teachers (Training of Trainers); Total AFAT Trained by NADEM = 6,741 (Province 1 to 5); Total Population AFAT Trained = 52,610 (Province 1 to 5); Total Population Benefit by AFAT = 902,100 and its ongoing. NADEM Study Reports of Nepali community with ‘Incident Rate of First Aid Required’ is 9% per day with First Aid Services for 87.4% minor causes, 5.4% major causes, 0.5% gynecological causes, 1.7% AMCH causes, 4.5% trauma causes, 0.5% Prehospital Cardiac Arrest. With NADEM advanced first-aid training, now we are preventing 70% of deaths in remote parts of those districts before reaching the health care centers.Conclusion:It is a great challenge to train community laypersons to be Community First Aiders who can tackle day-to-day emergencies and disasters in their community with knowledge, skills practice, and attitude to prepare and prevent the increased tendencies of disability, deformity, morbidity, and mortality in Nepal.

Conception and development of a community-based education initiative fostering sexual and reproductive health literacy among indigenous Tharu girls in rural Nepal

1) Understand attitudes, resources, and knowledge gaps around sexual health in rural Nepal, including biopsychosocial elements. 2) Encourage community partnerships and shared decisions to create and deliver culturally - appropriate education programs. 3) Recruit local educators using “training of trainers” approaches, for sustainable expansion. 4) Assess program efficacy.

Trainers’ Pedagogical Competence in Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institutions in Bungoma County, Kenya

Technical trainers’ competencies are essential for success in any career like Technology Education program which centers on skills acquisition among Trainees for production. The objective of the study was to; establish the extent of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) trainer’s pedagogical competence in Bungoma County, Kenya. The study was guided by the Signaling Theory of Learning. The study employed descriptive survey design. The study targeted the 800 trainees enrolled for technical course and 400 trainers in Bungoma Country. Simple random sampling technique was used to arrive at the participants. A sample of 200 trainees and 80 trainers participated in the study. The study used questionnaires and Focused Group Discussion guides and interview to collect data. Test- retest technique was employed to ascertain reliability of the questionnaires at alpha 0.70. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive namely; percentages, frequencies, means and standard deviation and inferential statistics namely; correlation and Pearson coefficient. Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS Version 25.0) was used to analyze data. Qualitative data was recorded, transcribed and reported thematically. The findings were presented using figures and tables. The study found that TVET trainers could effectively communicate with trainees and to somewhat extent, trainers utilized assessment for the benefit of the trainees. However, trainers could to a little extent develop trainees critical thinking skills and trainers were to somewhat extent knowledgeable of current technologies in their areas of specialization. In addition, the study found that majority of the trainers could somewhat extent relate classroom content to workshop experiences. The study found that the strongest positive correlation existed between trainers’ use of practical examples to explain concepts and acquisition of skills among trainees [ r= 0.788, p<0.05]. Other variables that were positively correlated with the outcome variable were; trainers motivated learners [r=0.758, p<0.05], trainers used variety of teaching approaches [r=0.783, p<0.05], trainers used relevant examples [r=0.748, p<0.05] and trainers allowed trainees to design teaching and learning activities [r=0.755, p<0.05].The results for the multiple linear regression model with all the eleven trainers’ pedagogical competence variables that were statistical correlated with the outcome variable produced an adjusted R-Square of 0.481, F (11,177) = 1.862, p<0.05. The study recommended that there was need to enhance the TVET trainers’ pedagogical competence and there was need to increase government capitation to TVET to assist them acquire training material and equipment that support more practice based learning.

Problematika, Tantangan dan Solusinya Perekrutan Badan Ad Hoc Pada Penyelenggaran Pemilu 2024

In holding a general election there are organizers who have an important role as election officers at the lower level, namely at the sub-district and village levels, namely PPK, PPS, KPPS, Panwascam, PKD and TPS Panwas. The factor that will determine the fulfillment of the HR (Human Resources) qualifications needed in filling these positions is recruitment. This research intends to discuss the problems, challenges and solutions of election management recruitment at the grassroots level. The method used in this article is a qualitative descriptive method. The primary data source used is research journals on Election Implementation. Data collection techniques using journals and books. Data analysis using content analysis. The results of this study indicate that at the stage of selecting ad hoc election bodies, there are obstacles that are often encountered during the selection process, namely the difficulty of getting qualified selectors, honest and able to provide an objective assessment. Not a few were found in the field, selectors give value on the basis of their role and not on the basis of their thoughts, apart from that the closeness factor is very difficult to ignore. The concept of Training of Trainers is a breakthrough in providing understanding to ad hoc committees at least at the sub-district and sub-district/village levels so that these ad hoc committees are able to solve problems in the field and understand the ethical standards of implementation.

Педагогические традиции подготовки учителей начальных школ в Псковской Мариинской женской гимназии в конце XIX века

The article presents the historical and pedagogical experience of training teachers for elementary public schools in the eighth (additional) pedagogical class and in pedagogical courses at the Pskov Mariinsky Womens Gymnasium. In the context of the conditions of Russian reality at the end of the 19th century issues related to the need for teaching staff, the interest of regional authorities in their stable training, supported by appropriate financial policies, are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to aspects related to the content and organization of the theoretical and practical training of trainees, as well as their final certification. Conclusions are drawn about the possibility of using a number of the considered pedagogical traditions in the modern system of training elementary school teachers.