Translator Training Research Articles

Implementing Prehospital Ultrasound at the Saudi Red Crescent Authority: Perceived Barriers and Training Needs.

This study examines the inherent barriers to implementing prehospital ultrasound within the Saudi Red Crescent Authority (SRCA) in Saudi Arabia. A qualitative study was conducted to explore the perceived barriers, mode of transportation, ultrasound familiarity, and self-efficacy level of relevant stakeholders in implementing the prehospital ultrasound in SRCA. Data was collected via surveys and interviews with 24 SRCA paramedics/EMTs, 4 SRCA station administrators, and two hospital physicians to further examine the inherent barriers of implementing the prehospital ultrasound. Thematic analysis revealed the main barriers were costs of ultrasound equipment, environmental factors affecting image capture, and lack of training in ultrasound skills and interpretation. Administrators and physicians also noted concerns about machine portability and technical maintenance. Stakeholders agreed ultrasound could improve trauma diagnosis if barriers were addressed through extensive training and protocols. In prehospital care setting, the two main modes of transportation are "stay and play", involving on-scene interventions before transport, and "load and go", prioritizing rapid transport to the hospital, with the choice depending on various factors. An overwhelming 96% of paramedics/EMTs preferred a 'stay and play' approach to stabilize patients before transport, while 75% of administrators preferred 'load and go' for rapid transport to hospitals. 62.5% of paramedics were familiar with ultrasound, but only 20.8% had previously used it. This study provides important insights into stakeholder perspectives on the implementation of prehospital ultrasound within the Saudi Red Crescent Authority. The findings can guide efforts to implement appropriate ultrasound use through tailored training programs and enhanced coordination across groups, aimed at improving trauma outcomes.

SE-GAP-ResNet: A machine learning model for abnormal breast detection.

e12579 Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Although screening has improved early-stage detection, challenges like high false positives and heavy workloads for radiologists persist, emphasizing the importance of early identification of breast irregularities, including masses and micro-calcifications. Methods: We use a subset of the mini-MIAS dataset, randomly choosing 100 abnormal and 100 healthy images, with abnormal images categorized into six sub-types. Preprocessing involves removing noises and excluding background and muscle regions. Our classifier is the ResNet-34 model, a deep convolutional neural network with 34 layers, known for effective pattern identification in medical images. Enhancements include: (1) The Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) block boosts neural network discriminative power by dynamically recalibrating channel or feature importance. Integrated into ResNet-34, it forms the backbone network, enhancing the identification of relevant patterns for improved diagnostic accuracy. (2) Complex patterns at the system's output are condensed into a common disease pattern through global average pooling (GAP). This reduces model parameters, enhances interpretability, and facilitates the extraction of essential diagnostic information from the entire image. (3) Feature vectors from different layers are concatenated to merge low-level and high-level features. Low-level features encompass fundamental visual attributes such as pixel intensity and texture, while high-level features involve more complex patterns and structures, including organ shapes and anomalies. (4) We employ multiple-way data augmentation techniques to augment the training set, including rotation, translation, scaling, Gamma correction, and shear. The resultant model is referred to as SE-GAP-ResNet. Results: After 10 iterations of 10-fold cross-validation, SE-GAP-ResNet exhibited notable performance with a sensitivity of 95.60%, specificity of 93.30%, precision of 93.49%, accuracy of 94.45%, and an F1 score of 94.51%. Outperforming three state-of-the-art approaches, as shown in the table, two-sample t-tests confirm that SE-GAP-ResNet achieves significantly superior performance (p<0.05). Conclusions: SE-GAP-ResNet excels in identifying breast abnormalities. We aim to enhance the AI system by adding a multi-class diagnosis framework and the capability to predict lesion regions, with the goal of substantially reducing callback rates for abnormal breast diagnoses and improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. [Table: see text]

Translator Trainers’ Meeting in the Heart of the Golden Prague

Translator Trainers’ Meeting in the Heart of the Golden Prague

Introduction: Emotions, stress and related phenomena in public service interpreter and translator training

Introduction: Emotions, stress and related phenomena in public service interpreter and translator training

Pavel Šveda (ed.) (2021) Changing Paradigms and Approaches in Interpreter Training

Pavel Šveda (ed.) (2021) Changing Paradigms and Approaches in Interpreter Training

Emotions, stress and related phenomena in public service interpreter and translator education and training

Emotions, stress and related phenomena in public service interpreter and translator education and training

Professional realism in practice

Abstract This article describes an attempt to introduce the elements of collaboration into translator training in the form of a multi-stage translation project. The project was carried out during regular translation classes with the participation of 70 students (translating from Italian, French, or English into Polish). The project comprised the following stages (as prescribed by two standards: ISO 17100:2015 and ISO/TS 11669:2012). Stage 0: Project preparation (pre-production) – terminological work/dialogue list preparation; Stages 1 and 2: Translation and check of one’s own translation; Stage 3: Revision – work on bilingual texts – general correction; Stage 4: Review – work on TL texts – focus on factual errors; Stage 5: Proofreading – work on TL texts – focus on linguistic errors; Stage 6: Final verification and release. Each student was asked to work on a different text at each stage. The platform for exchanging files between the students was Trello, an online task management tool. The aim of the classes was to broaden the students’ view of the current translation market through hands-on experience and to develop their teamwork skills. This article presents the proceedings of the classes, the results of the opinion survey distributed among the participants, and discusses the potential difficulties.

Pedagogical and communicative resilience before industry 4.0 in higher education in translation and interpreting in the twenty-first century

AbstractIndustry 4.0 technological resources are tools used in everyday lives. In Higher Education, instructors need to recognize the value of these information and communication tools (ICTs) and integrate them to support teaching in any field of knowledge. In this study, the evolution of the use of technological resources in Translation & Interpreting education has been analyzed through a diachronic analysis. Taking as an example the innovative teaching macro-project Aula.Int (University of Granada), we have studied some of the most relevant technological resources that have been used to support translation training since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The ACOT model was used to determine the degree of appropriation of each information and communication resource. The results show that translation educators have proven to be resilient to the rapid emergence of technological resources, which, in many cases, have been continuously implemented to support teaching.

Study on the Corpus of Bilingual Translators Training Model during the Covid-19 Pandemic

This research examined the systematic study of corpus of bilingual translators training model during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research utilized scientometric analysis and examined literature sourced from the Web of Science (WoS) core collection and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) spanning from 2019 to 2023. The main aim was to explore the present state of the bilingual (English and Chinese) translators training model and to identify the future trends in corpus development. The findings offer valuable insights for scholars to delve deeper into this area of study.

Optimizing Post-Editing Strategies in Human-Computer Interaction

This investigation underscores the significant impact of PE strategy selection on both the cognitive and operational aspects of translation. Highlighting the critical role of PE skills development in translator education, the study proposes several avenues for further research, including broadening participant demographics, integrating diverse and mixed-methods approaches, keeping pace with technological advancements, and engaging in longitudinal studies. These insights offer valuable directions for refining PE methodologies, enhancing translator training programs, and ultimately, elevating the quality of translations.

ANALYSIS OF THE OUTCOMES OF IMPLEMENTING THE EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM FOR FUTURE TRANSLATORS’ PROFESSIONAL TRAINING BASED ON LOCALIZATION

The ongoing evolution of the higher linguistic education system is primarily focused on addressing the demands of society and the government for competent translators. This necessitates corresponding modifications in the professional training, development, and personal growth of future translation personnel, with the ultimate goal of fostering their preparedness for localization. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the outcomes obtained from implementing an experimental system for teaching prospective translators in localization, as well as their subsequent analysis. Clear algorithmization is necessary for any experimental activity, including the professional training of prospective translators for localization. A linear pedagogical experiment was conducted to implement and experimentally verify the author’s pedagogical system. The experiment was designed in a series of consecutive steps. To test the hypothesis proposed in the study, it was deemed necessary to approve the structural and functional model of the experimental system. This approval was intended to establish a program of experimental work that aims to create the required pedagogical conditions in both academic and extracurricular classes. The ultimate goal is to enable students to develop themselves as individuals, both personally and professionally. The effectiveness of the presented results was demonstrated through the use of theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the research problem. This analysis facilitated the selection and comprehension of didactic material. Additionally, a critical and analytical examination of concepts, theories, and methods was conducted to identify potential solutions for the problem under investigation. Furthermore, mathematical statistics methods were employed to quantitatively calculate the obtained data. The author’s methodology of incorporating various experimental new designs into the professional training of future translators for localization is deemed effective, as evidenced by the generalized results of the preparedness of future translators for localization.

Demand for and training of Chinese translators in the context of the �One Belt, One Road� initiative

Relevance. The need to investigate the specifics of Chinese translator training within the framework of the global programme �One Belt, One Road� is primarily conditioned by the constant changes in various aspects, particularly in structural, semantic, and artistic aspects. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the global initiative �One Belt, One Road� in the context of training professional human resources to perform Chinese language translations. Methodology. This study analysed materials available on the websites of several higher education institutions. The analysis focused on specific parameters such as the distinct features of training students in Chinese studies, the education of translators working with Chinese, and the principles, methods, and techniques used in teaching the Chinese language. Results. Analyses of translator training have identified key skills for students: parallel language and culture study, adherence to translation norms like business etiquette, and mastery of technical translation tools. In Kyrgyz universities, methods include verbal (lectures, discussions), visual (audio and video materials), and practical (creative works, exhibitions, quizzes, conferences). For Chinese translators under the �One Belt, One Road� initiative, training spans multiple linguistic levels: phonetic (phrases, accents), grammatical (categories, meanings), lexical (vocabulary related to the initiative and various fields), syntactic (word order, links), and stylistic (business etiquette, unique vocabulary). Conclusions. The study found that the �One Belt, One Road� initiative's language policy focuses on planning Chinese language status, foreign languages, language structure, educational language use, and language services. The key challenges are the shortage of skilled professionals, intergovernmental cooperation, infrastructure standards, financial integration, and cultural exchange. In the future, this study can be used to develop technical improvements in Kyrgyz-Chinese translation, to improve the training of Chinese specialists within the framework of the global initiative �One Belt, One Road�. Keywords: lingua franca; linguistic levels; linguistic policy; linguistic parameters; terminological units

Translation competence between industry and academia in Saudi Arabia: job descriptions vs students’ perceptions

ABSTRACT Given the constant changes in the translation job market, translator training (TT) programmes need ongoing adaptation to continue training students to meet market requirements. This study aimed to explore the extent to which undergraduates of Arabic/English TT programmes in Saudi Arabia (SA) perceive their ability to help students acquire knowledge and skills related to translation (sub)competences required in the Saudi translation market. To this end, two empirical studies were designed using a convergent parallel mixed methods approach. The first analysed 91 translation-related job descriptions published in SA during 2020 to identify the knowledge and skills required in the market. The second analysed the perceptions of final-year students of the Saudi undergraduate Arabic/English TT programmes regarding the extent to which their programmes helped them acquire these skills. The findings indicate the need to explore why students perceived programmes as ‘not effective enough’, as well as the need to propose ways to develop them. This study will contribute to improving Saudi undergraduate TT programmes to provide highly qualified, competent translators to satisfy current Saudi translation market demands.

Simplification for Efficiency: Development of Schema-Based Chinese-English Interpretation Training Programs

Due to the development of international trade and intercultural communication, interpretation is widely used as a necessary tool in some business occasions. The high demand for Chinese-English interpretation has also increased accordingly in recent years. Interpretation research has been built on the basis of multidisciplinary research, involving linguistics, psychology and sociology. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of the application of schema theory in teaching C-E interpretation. This study provides some evidence and interpreting examples of application of schema theory in terms of language schemas, formal schemas, and content schemas, as well as a three-stage workshop, namely preparation, training programs, and post-training enhancement, so as to shed light on some practical implications for interpreters, teachers and students. Effectively implementing of schema theory in C-E interpretation not only promotes oral output accuracy through words and information parsing, but also restructure information into an easier-perceived format, to solve the problem of vague oral expression. Therefore it is necessary for interpreters to clarify the content and characteristics of schema theory, receive systematic training, and proactively establish as well as activate as many schemas as possible to improve the efficiency and quality of C-E interpretation.

Examining the Cultural Connotations in Human and Machine Translations: A Corpus Study of Naguib Mahfouz's Zuqāq al-Midaqq

The translation of culture-specific terms constitutes a major challenge for professional translators as it necessitates a thorough understanding of both the linguistic and cultural elements. With rapid technological advancement over the past few years, machine translation has enhanced translation quality. This study investigates the transability of cultural connotations in the Arabic-English translation of Naguib Mahfouz’s Zuqāq al-Midaqq. A descriptive qualitative research design was adopted to achieve the intended goals of the study. The data comprised human and machine translations from Google Translate and ChatGPT. Through qualitative content analysis, the translations were compared for accuracy in transferring the cultural connotations prevalent in the Arabic source text. The findings revealed that the human translation showed greater naturalness and accuracy in rendering cultural connotations. Machine translation has struggled with rhetorical devices, idioms, and cultural nuances. The results also indicated that the AI-enhanced machine represented by ChatGPT captured the cultural elements more effectively than Google Translate. The study concluded that human expertise remains essential for the high-quality translation of literary works to maintain cultural significance. The findings can inform translator training and guide improvements to AI-enhanced translation for literary texts.

Создание культурно-переводческого продукта для международной коммуникации

International communication is conditioned by modern features of social and cultural context of different regional cultures in the world. The focus of the study is to apply a culture-oriented approach to translation in order for international translators to create their own cultural and translation product for effective English-language communication. The relevance of the paper is due to the need to create on a cultural basis an advanced method of designing a cultural and translation product for the adequate transfer of linguocultural units meaning, consideration of translation text hermeneutics for international communication. The research aims at describing the technology of cultural translation to create a cultural and translation product. The paper presents a three-stage system of work on its creation, features of culture-oriented translation in international communication. The research materials are the results of the Interpreters’ Club translation and research activities at the Faculty of International Relations of the Belarusian State University. Research methods are culture-oriented and organizational-activity approaches to analyze translation activities. The author presents the main results of the research in the form of the developed three stages method. She draws conclusions on the meaningful conduct of intellectual translation activities and outlines the need for special training for translators and interpreters to create their own cultural and translation product for efficient professional international communication

Web 2.0 technologies and translator training: assessing trainees’ use of instant messaging as a collaborative tool in accomplishing translation tasks

Web 2.0 technologies have had a significant impact on collaborative communication practices in teaching, learning, and professional work environments. In translation studies, computer-supported collaborative translation tasks have mainly been discussed within the project-based learning framework, where research has foregrounded correlations between collaboration and performance. However, trainees’ specific uses of collaborative tools, including transcripts of real-time exchanges, have neither been sufficiently investigated nor informed pedagogical strategies and approaches in any tangible way. This study bridges this gap by evaluating trainees’ collaborative practices while they translated a text, localized a restaurant menu, and simulated the design and launch of a language service agency. Data was gathered from a questionnaire, in-class presentations, and real-time instant messaging (IM) transcripts. Data analysis of the real-time IM exchanges unveiled considerable trainee communicative practices during collaborative tasks. Furthermore, correlations were established between the volume of instant messages, time of exchange, role played by trainees, and conversation themes with the teams’ final assessment performances. This study provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of IM as a collaborative tool in training environments. It also informed our suggested guidelines for properly integrating IM into the translator training curriculum.

ANALYSIS OF SOURCE AND TARGET TEXTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF TRANSLATOR TRAINING

The aim of the article is to develop a methodology for translation analysis of specialized texts for application in the training of future translators. To achieve this objective, the author addresses several key tasks: establishes parameters for analyzing both source and target texts; defines the scope of the study; selects a representative English-language source text in the field of patents; analyzes it according to the established parameters; formulates a hypothesis about the translation strategies most likely to be used for this source text; analyzes the Ukrainian translation text to determine the translation methods used; and concludes whether the initial assumption based on the source text analysis is validated. The study employs linguistic analysis for the source text and translatological analysis for the target text. The material used is a 526-word fragment from a U.S. patent, specifically a brief description of an invention, within the specialized (technical) field that forms part of the training content for future translators. Following the study, the author draws conclusions that support the hypothesis made during the pre-translation analysis and provide additional refinements. At the syntactic level, the analysis reveals that the translation typically follows the structure of the source text in sentences with simpler constructs, while complex sentences main, subordinate, or coordinate clauses can maintain their structure, other segments necessitate transformations. The dealing with very long sentences, they often need toтранслатологічний сфери, яка входить до змісту навчання майбутніх перекладачів. За результатами дослідження, сформульовано його висновки, відповідно до яких проведений аналіз тексту перекладу загалом підтвердивm ost common transformation is the replacement of passive voice clauses with active voice. When be divided into shorter, more manageable units, leading to further structural changes. The article concludes that the proposed methodology for translation analysis of specialized source and target texts shows promise for use in training future translators. It can help develop the theoretical component of students' translation competence, as well as provide insights into many significant concepts in translation studies and mastery of translation analysis methodologies. However, the author notes that this assumption requires further verification, suggesting that additional research is needed to confirm the proposed methodology's effectiveness.

Endothelial Hemoglobin Alpha Mediates Iron Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common comorbidity in cardiovascular disease. Previous clinical studies have found iron deficiency anemia (IDA) increases endothelial NO signaling and attributed this change to the reduction in circulating hemoglobin. However, it has been shown in ex vivo preparations that endothelial NO signaling is unaffected by the presence of erythrocytes suggesting changes in circulating hemoglobin do not alter NO signaling. Our lab has previously shown the hemoglobin-α (Hbα) is expressed in the endothelium of small arteries and scavenges NO. We hypothesized endothelial Hbα, rather than blood hemoglobin is responsible for the increased NO signaling in IDA. We first tested this hypothesis in a mouse model of IDA in which we were able to replete vascular iron stores. Male and female C57BL/6 mice were fed an iron deficient (2-6 ppm Fe) or nutrient matched control diet (48 ppm Fe) beginning at weaning. IDA mice underwent phlebotomies (10% blood volume) at 9 and 11 weeks old. To restore vascular iron stores, a subset of IDA mice received a single i.p. injection of iron dextran (FeDex; 20 mg/kg) at 12 weeks. All measurements were taken one week later. As expected, IDA mice had low blood hemoglobin, and FeDex did not rescue the anemia but did rescue vascular iron stores as measured by ferritin light chain protein. To investigate NO signaling, we used laser speckle contrast imaging to measure changes in in vivo blood flow in response to the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME. The magnitude of the response to L-NAME is an indicator of NO signaling. IDA mice exhibited an exaggerated response to L-NAME indicating increased NO signaling. FeDex treatment restored the L-NAME response back to control levels suggesting reduced vascular iron stores, rather than the anemia itself increased NO signaling. In order to investigate the role of endothelial Hbα, we repeated these studies in endothelial specific Hbα knockout mice (Hba1fl/fl-Cdh5-CreERT2+). Lack of endothelial Hbα did not prevent the increased response to L-NAME in IDA mice but did prevent the rescue by FeDex. This suggests a model in which endothelial Hba participates in regulating NO in response to iron but not the increased NO in IDA. Because Hbα does not explain the initial increase in NO, we have begun investigating other anemia-associated NO stimulators. Erythropoetin (EPO) is known to stimulate NO production in endothelial cells and is elevated in our anemia model regardless of FeDex treatment. Future work will investigate the role of EPO in regulating NO in IDA. University of Virginia Basic and Translational Research Training Grant T32 007284 (LSD, MAL, SAL); NIH HL088554; LaunchPad; Lipedema Foundation; AHA Predoctoral Fellowship (MAL). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

The use of the SmartCat platform for the development of soft skills in masters of philology

Skill requirements and implementation of new information technologies drive changes in the professional training for future technical translators, including the development of both highly professional and soft skills. The purpose of this study was to develop soft skills in Masters of Philology and future technical translators in the process of implementing the group project using the SmartCat Cloud Platform. The soft skills in Masters of Philology required to implement the group project using the SmartCat Cloud Platform have been identified and analyzed: planning and time, workload, stress management skills; skills of compliance with project implementation terms, instructions and technical specifications; teamwork skills, including in a virtual media, using modern communication technologies; responsible use of information technology for professional purposes; continuous self-assessment, updating and developing competencies and skills through personal strategies and co-education. The didactic opportunities of the SmartCat Cloud Platform have been revealed, enabling instructors to monitor and evaluate the activities of both the group as a whole and individual activities of group members. Overall, the SmartCat platform is a tool for the development of soft skills needed for a future professional career of technical translators.