Crisis Management Training Research Articles

Experiences and Lessons Learned from Floods in Iran - Crisis Education Performance in Khuzestan, Iran

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the educational performance of managers of Khuzestan government agencies and institutions to deal with the flood of 2019. The method of this study was a mixed research method of explanatory type. The statistical population of the study consisted of 13 organizations involved in the crisis management of Khuzestan. In the quantitative part according to Krejci and Morgan's table, 341 participants were selected by stratified random sampling. In this section, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by some experts, and its reliability was calculated to be 0.96 through Cronbach's alpha. The results were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The participants of the quality parts of the study were 13 managers and officials of the education department of the mentioned organizations who were purposefully selected. Findings in the quantitative part of the research showed that except for 4 organizations, the employees of other organizations believed that the relevant organizations did not perform well in relation to holding crisis management courses and training related to all four stages of crisis management. The results of the qualitative section showed that the reasons for the inadequate educational performance of these organizations are the existence of categories such as the personal status of employees, organizational constraints, weakness of courses held, parallel work, and decisions of senior managers. Increasing the quality level of courses, providing organizational resources and facilities, and management solutions were suggested. Keywords : training, evaluation, government agencies, floods in Iran. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55463/hkjss.issn.1021-3619.60.56

An Evaluation of a Web-Based Crisis Management Training Program for Nurse Managers: The Case of the COVID-19 Crisis.

The effective management of nursing services, the main power in patients' care and treatment in the front line of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, and nurse managers' effective leadership behaviors in the fight against the pandemic have been important key factors. It is thus critical to support nurse managers, strengthen them through training, and increase their competency so that they can successfully manage crises, disasters, or pandemics. This study aims to assess the effect of a web-based training program on the knowledge levels of nurse managers who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a randomized controlled experimental study. The study population consisted of the members of the Nurse Managers Association. The intervention group had 30 participants, and the control group had 31 participants in the final. There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups' mean number of correct pre-test responses (P = 0.843). However, the intervention group's mean number of correct post-test responses was statistically significantly higher than the control group's after the web-based training program (P < 0.001). Web-based training programs can effectively increase nurse managers' knowledge levels. Therefore, web-based training programs should be developed in ordinary times for the management of crisis situations.

Crisis management programs in top universities worldwide to maintain educational activities in situational crises: A scoping review

Background: Critical events can cause panic in the university community and raise the question of whether universities can prepare for and respond to these events while effectively maintaining a culture of inclusiveness and free access. Methods: The current study was conducted based on a scoping review of texts using the Arkesy and O’Malley frameworks and the PRISMA checklist to improve the quality of the report. For this study, crisis management programs at universities and institutes of higher education in all countries of the world within a period of 10 years (2010-2020) were searched using appropriate keywords approved in MeSH and various databases such as Embase, PubMed and Scopus, Proquest, and Iranian SID and Magiran databases. Finally, according to the search parameters, 21 studies were included in the final study, and an output table was extracted. Results: The goals of university crisis programs when encountering existing accidents and crises are divided into several general categories: planning and creating a framework for dealing with the crisis, continuing to work in times of crisis, communicating in times of crisis, and providing supplies and continuity of training. The next most crucial element in the university crisis program is the formation of a crisis management team. Conclusion: It is indispensable for students, faculty, and administrators to receive training in crisis management to prevent any possible harm to individuals when dealing with crises in universities. As a result, it is recommended that crisis management officials in universities pay serious attention.

Research progress and future agenda of COVID-19 in tourism and hospitality: a timely bibliometric review

PurposeA proliferation of articles surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic is calling for new insights through review. This paper aims to bibliometrically analyze the current progress of research around hospitality and tourism to define the research directions on herd immunity and the prevention of disease under the “new normal.”Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzed 326 articles regarding COVID-19 published in SSCI hospitality, leisure and tourism journals in 2020 and 2021 by combining manual analysis and bibliometrics to reveal research topics and to gain insight into research structures.FindingsThe results of this paper summarized topics related to stakeholders’ mentality and behavior, responses of travel suppliers to the COVID-19 pandemic, economic impact and demand forecasting, social issues of human rights and racism and reflection on tourism and transformation of the industry. More research is called for in the future to focus on a better response to the crisis, including crisis management education and training and the improving the resilience of small- and medium-sized enterprises.Research limitations/implicationsA three-dimensional consideration was proposed to promote the sustainable development of hospitality and tourism.Originality/valueIn the “new normal” phase of herd immunity and disease prevention, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that provides an up-to-date systematic overview of the evolution of COVID-19 research in tourism and hospitality and encourages more conceptual, practical and futuristic studies.

Implementing Virtual Reality Training for Librarians: Supporting Patrons in Crisis

ABSTRACTThis research proposes a study that is part of a larger, interdisciplinary, and multi‐institutional project that examines the usability of VR training for library and information science (LIS) graduate students and professionals in gaining skills for interacting effectively with patrons in crisis. This project is entirely novel and innovative in its approach. To date, no virtual reality training for crisis management in libraries exists. Additionally, we hypothesize that our project will ultimately enable us to: reach a wider audience with training; consider the usability of VR training in LIS education; introduce training in low‐stakes environments that does not pose harm to patrons in crisis; engage students in an immersive learning experience. This project can create possibilities for how we approach LIS education within our department and support training students in vital, but difficult to teach, soft skills such as empathy and communication (Saunders &amp; Bajjaly, 2021).

Self-Sacrifice in a Distressful and Threatening Environment: The Consequences of the COVID-19 Crisis in Intensifying Workplace Violence.

BackgroundThe stress and mental pressure resulting from the challenges posed by the COVID-19 crisis exacerbated occupational stressors such as workplace violence against nurses even though nurses were endangering their lives to provide high-quality care and reduce patients’ suffering. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain Iranian nurses’ experiences of workplace violence during the COVID-19 crisis.Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted using a qualitative approach. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses who had experienced workplace violence at COVID-19 referral centers in Kerman during the COVID-19 crisis. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the data, and the research was reported via the COREQ checklist.ResultsAnalysis of the findings led to one main category, “nurses’ self-sacrifice in a distressful and threatening environment,” and four subcategories, which included “omitting entertainment and fun activities,” “having challenging duties in unsafe conditions,” “receiving insufficient support,” and “nurses’ toleration of disrespect.”ConclusionCrises can exacerbate workplace violence toward nurses. Thus, it is necessary to design educational programs and prevention strategies to manage the destructive psychological and occupational impact of the crises on nurses. Nurses should receive training in crisis management to cope with the intensified aggressive behavior of managers, colleagues, patients, and patient companions during the crisis. Policy-makers must be prepared to deal with crises, and they should take measures to improve nurses’ mental health and quality of care.

Stress management in nurses caring for COVID-19 patients: a qualitative content analysis

BackgroundBeing in the frontline of the battle against COVID-19, nurses need to be capable of stress management to maintain their physical and psychological well-being in the face of a variety of stressors. The present study aims to explore the challenges, strategies, and outcomes of stress management in nurses who face and provide care to COVID-19 patients.MethodsThe present study is a qualitative descriptive work that was conducted in teaching hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from June 2020 to March 2021. Sixteen nurses who were in practice in units assigned to COVID-19 patients were selected via purposeful sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured, individual interviews conducted online. The collected data were analyzed using MAXQDA 10 according to the conventional content analysis method suggested by Graneheim and Lundman.ResultsThe data collected in the interviews resulted in 14 subcategories under 4 main categories: providing care with uncertainty and anxiety, facing psychological and mental tension, creating a context for support, and experiencing personal-professional growth.ConclusionsThe nurses caring for COVID-19 patients needed the support of their authorities and families to stress management. Providing a supportive environment through crisis management training, providing adequate equipment and manpower, motivating nurses to achieve psychological growth during the pandemic can help them manage stress.

The reality of activating Crisis Management in distance education from the point of view of school principals on the primary stage schools of the Sahab Brigade Directorate: واقع تفعيل إدارة الأزمات في التعليم عن بعد من وجهة نظر مدراء المدارس بالمرحلة الأساسية لمديرية لواء سحاب

The study aimed to identify the reality of applying the thought of crisis management from the point of view of school principals on the primary stage schools of the Sahab Brigade Directorate, and in order to achieve the study target the descriptive analytical method was used by applying a questionnaire consisting of 30 items on a sample of 32 principals of primary stage schools. The study concluded that there is a medium degree of application of crisis management thought in the distance education process from the point of view of principals of primary stage schools with an average of (2.46 out 5), beside that the obstacles and difficulties of crisis management from the point of view of principals of primary stage schools comes with a medium degree with an average of (2.76), and the importance of applying the crisis management thought in distance education from the point of view of principals of primary stage schools comes with a medium degree (2.46). So, the researcher recommended making an electronic scale developed to measure the level of application of crisis management mechanisms and procedures and encourage them, and conducting remote training courses for leaders and work teams in educational institutions for training in crisis management and preparing unified guides that are circulated to help in Implementing crisis management strategies and procedures in educational institutions and continuing to implement continuous opinion polls on the obstacles and difficulties facing crisis management in order to work on overcoming them.

Steering through the pandemic: narrative analysis of school leader experiences in India

ABSTRACT The COVID −19 pandemic has disrupted the regular functioning of schools. Transitioning to online learning posed significant challenges to all stakeholders in the educational system. The continued changes and challenges due to the pandemic require school leaders to make intuitive decisions. School leaders’ vision and leadership styles can considerably impact successfully managing crises and challenges. The current study looks at the lived experiences of eight school leaders working in India. The data collected using an interview guide was subjected to narrative thematic analysis. The interviews were designed primarily in an open-ended manner to captivate the story of their experiences. The results yielded an understanding of how school leaders navigated through multiple challenges such as transitioning online, attending to student needs, financial challenges adopting crisis and collaborative leadership. The results highlight various personal feelings and experiences that helped the school leaders to hold up during the crisis. School leaders lack training in crisis management, and their mental health needs are neglected. The paper calls for professional support for school leaders in managing professional and personal challenges. The article gives direction for school professionals on focus areas and requirements in Indian schools.

Organizational management with the crisis of the Covid-19 pandemic

Introduction. During the Covid-19 pandemic, a crisis unmatched that will have significant negative consequences and encompass the social, economic and environmental environment and its consequences affect organizations in both the private and public sectors. The Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the population and their lives, and therefore on their organizational effectiveness in overcoming the crisis. The crisis has caused a number of uncertainties and confusion related to workers' risks and the adoption of measures to overcome them. In the face of uncertainty, it is even more difficult to manage organizations that do not have properly developed, recognizable and competent crisis management and communication.&#x0D; Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study was to highlight the pandemic-induced problems and to contribute to the adoption of measures related to the functioning of the organizations. Additionally, the aim was also to establish the connection between the introduction of new forms of work and the shortage of the staff. Main goal of this research was to analyse functioning of the crisis management in selected organizations during the Covid-19 pandemic.&#x0D; Results. The results of the study conducted via an online questionnaire showed that crisis management and communication are adequately adopted in the organizations in question, but shortcomings were nevertheless disclosed. They are a consequence of the specificity of the crisis and the lack of knowledge of how to operate under such conditions. Participants of the survey estimated that the pandemic raised thus far investigated issues and that crisis management and communication in the organization was better trained to operate and take crisis measures in cases other than the epidemic.&#x0D; Conclusions. The article proposes an analysis of the entire operation of management during the pandemic, a review of all organizational acts in the field of crisis management, their modernization, and additional training and education in crisis management by exchanging practices of other organizations. However, the state, as the holder of measures during the pandemic, must adopt appropriate legal acts, which will be the base for organizations in the economy and the public sector to take appropriate measures. Organizational management during the pandemic must be flexible, innovative and focused on a healthy work environment.

Abstract 12580: An Interprofessional Approach to Standardizing Family Care During Code Blue Events

Introduction: The development of a standardized practice for family care during resuscitation (FPDR) events was identified as an area for quality improvement at a large academic hospital. Healthcare Chaplains were identified as ideal Family Facilitators for FPDR due to their professional training in therapeutic communication and existential crisis management as well as their current practice of responding to all Code Blue events. An interprofessional workgroup developed guidelines to delineate the role of Chaplain as Family Facilitator in Code Blue events and created an interprofessional education simulation (IPE-sim) training curriculum for their dissemination. Methods: The workgroup, which included an acute care nurse practitioner in the nursing faculty, a palliative care physician, and the director of Chaplain Services, conducted a thorough review of FPDR literature, analyzed data on Chaplain care provided at Code Blue events over the past 9 years, and entered into dialogue with stakeholders regarding FPDR. The group authored guidelines which were adopted as an addendum to the institution’s existing Code Blue policy. The workgroup collaborated with the Code Blue team to develop simulation training events to ensure proper application of the new guidelines. Results: This work resulted in the addition of FPDR guidelines to the Code Blue policy and the creation of a FPDR flowchart that standardized the Chaplain role in Code Blue events by delineating a communication process as well as FPDR inclusion and exclusion criteria. The implementation of this work was facilitated through three 4-hour IPE-sim training sessions. Conclusions: Standardized FPDR guidelines pertaining to the role of Chaplain as Family Facilitator improve patient- and family-centered care. Institutional FPDR guidelines should be created by an interprofessional team and vetted by multidisciplinary stakeholders. Simulation-enhanced IPE prepares Chaplains and teams for FPDR and can improve interprofessional collaboration during Code Blue events.

Design and Implementation of an Emergency Undocking Curriculum for Robotic Surgery.

Current training for robotic surgery crisis management, specifically emergency robotic undocking protocol (ERUP), remains limited to anecdotal experience. A curriculum to impart the skills and knowledge necessary to recognize and complete a successful ERUP was developed using an education approach then evaluated. Baseline knowledge and confidence regarding ERUP were established for 5 robotic teams before completing 2 full-immersion simulations separated by an online self-paced learning module. In each simulation, teams operated on a perfused hydrogel model and were tasked to dissect a retroperitoneal tumor abutting a major vessel. During vascular pedicle ligation, a major vascular bleed and nonrecoverable robotic fault were remotely induced, necessitating ERUP with open conversion. After the simulation, participants completed surgery task load index (cognitive load assessment) and realism surveys. Weighted checklists scored participants' actions during each simulation. Surgical metrics including estimated blood loss, time to control bleeding, and undocking time were recorded. Curriculum retention was assessed by repeating the exercise at 6 months. Participants experienced high levels of cognitive demand and agreed that the simulation's realism and stress mimicked live surgery. Longitudinal analysis showed significant knowledge (+37.5 points, p = 0.004) and confidence (+15.3 points, p < 0.001) improvements from baseline to completion. Between simulations, checklist errors, undocking time, and estimated blood loss decreased (38⇾17, -40 seconds, and -500 mL, respectively), whereas action scores increased significantly (+27 points, p = 0.008). At 6 months, insignificant changes from curriculum completion were seen in knowledge (-4.8 points, p = 0.36) and confidence (+3.7 points, p = 0.1). This simulation-based curriculum successfully improves operative team's confidence, knowledge, and skills required to manage robotic crisis events.

Training the Next Generation of Obstetrics and Gynecology Leaders, A Multi-Institutional Needs Assessment

To assess resident and faculty interest in, as well as content and preferred format for, a leadership curriculum during obstetrics and gynecology residency DESIGN: From June to July 2019, a needs assessment survey on leadership training was distributed to residents and academic faculty at 3 United States obstetrics and gynecology residency programs. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Open ended questions were analyzed for themes. Three ob/gyn residency programs across the United States: Kaiser Permanente East Bay in Oakland, California, Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, and Weill Cornell Medicine in New York, New York. Surveys were distributed to all residents (n = 111) and affiliated academic faculty (n = 124) at each of the 3 participating sites. Resident response rate was 71% (79/111) and faculty rate was 63% (78/124). Postgraduate year (PGY) 1 residents were more likely to believe there was sufficient leadership training during residency (17/23, 74%) compared to PGY 2-4s (16/56, 29%) and faculty (20/76, 26%; p < 0.01). Most residents (66/79, 84%) and faculty (74/78, 82%) expressed that residents would benefit from a leadership curriculum. Both deemed small group exercises and leadership case studies taught by physicians were the preferred format for this curriculum. Residents and faculty agreed on 3 of the top 4 topics for a leadership curriculum - effective communication, team management, and time management - while residents chose self-awareness and faculty chose professionalism as the fourth of their top domains. Open-ended survey questions revealed that leadership demands in obstetrics and gynecology are similar to other specialties but differ in emphasis on crisis management, situational awareness, and advocacy training. Given unique aspects of leadership within the specialty, obstetrics and gynecology residents and faculty see benefit for specialty-specific formalized leadership training.

بررسی میزان اطلاعات پرسنل بیمارستان امام خمینی (ره) جیرفت و ارزیابی آمادگی آنها درهنگام بروز بحران

Introduction: The occurrence of various crises in Iran is undeniable and hospitals are among the organizations that are directly affected by these crises. This study was performed with the aim of evaluating the level of information of the staff of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft and to assess their readiness in the event of a crisis in 2020. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Census method was used for sampling and all of the personnel working in the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft were included in the study. Data were collected using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire of Disaster Preparedness, which has 3 parts. Data were collected, coded, and entered to SPSS software, and then analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests. Results: 63 of the personnel of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft were included in the study. The mean age of the personnel of Imam Khomeini Hospital was 47.3±2.07 years. Minimum age of the participants was 22 year and the maximum was 59 years. Most of the personnel participating in this study were female (41 people, 65.1%). Most of the personnel had a Bachelor’s degree. No statistically significant correlation was observed between the level of awareness of personnel and age, gender, level of education, or job experience of personnel (P_value>0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation between the level of awareness of personnel and participation in crisis management training courses (P_value = 0.002). There was a statistically significant correlation between the level of readiness and participation in crisis maneuvers (P_Value = 0.04). A statistically significant correlation was observed between the level of awareness and membership in Crisis Committee (P_Value = 0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation between the level of awareness and readiness with sending the enactments of the Crisis Committee to the departments (P_Value = ???). Conclusion: Since it is very important to raise the awareness of the staff working in healthcare centers on managing crises that occur unexpectedly, it is necessary to continue and expand the activities of the Crisis Committee and to provide more accurate training and information in this regard.

Leading Schools and Districts in Times of Crisis

The COVID-19 school closures highlighted the importance of crisis management for school and district leaders. Crisis management, however, has not received sufficient attention from school leadership preparation programs or education leadership researchers. This article synthesizes research spanning schools and other organizations, including those in the private sector, to describe a framework for understanding crises and crisis management in schools and districts and the key competences this literature suggests for successful navigation of crisis situations. We use this framework to discuss leaders’ responses to the COVID-19 school closures in spring 2020. We conclude with an argument for more consciously incorporating crisis management training into both preservice and in-service preparation and support for education leaders and for opening new lines of inquiry into crisis leadership at the school and district levels.

Outpacing the pandemic?

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings All of the independent variables contribute to high decision speed. Individual competencies seem to be the most important predictor of performance. Prior crisis management training appears to be associated with higher expectations regarding clarity of tasks and roles. It is possible that competent individuals are effective both independently and when influenced by transformational leaders. Originality The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. Comment The review is based on “Outpacing the pandemic? Decision speed of COVID-19 task forces” by Reto M. Wegmann and Laura Schärrer, published in Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal.

Recognizing the Role of Health Care Providers in Dismantling the Trauma-to-Prison Pipeline.

Trauma responses are normal reactions to abnormal or violent events, yet many health care providers treat the challenging behavioral manifestations of trauma with judgment or misunderstanding. As providers who care for vulnerable children, it is our obligation to understand and interrogate our roles within systems that perpetuate the overcriminalization of developmentally appropriate responses to trauma and abuse, which create the trauma-to-prison pipeline. By understanding this pipeline and its impact, we as health care providers can better support our trauma-exposed patients and advocate for systemic change to dismantle and disrupt it. Exposure to trauma and abuse can impact the reactivity of the prefrontal cortex’s “fear circuitry,” perpetuating a prolonged or sudden stress response even if a tangible danger is not present.1 Fear responses can be difficult to manage, particularly in youth, and can lead to substance use, emotional outbursts, self-harm, truancy, or other challenging behaviors to cope with underlying activation.2 Unfortunately, many institutions, including health care, augment the negative impacts of trauma by pathologizing these behaviors rather than recognizing and treating them for what they are: manifestations of trauma. Here we discuss 2 well-described pathways that health care providers should recognize, in which existing systems increase the likelihood for traumatized children to be incarcerated and … Address correspondence to Yuan He, MD, MPH, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Dr, Blockley Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19147. E-mail: yuan.he{at}pennmedicine.upenn.edu

Complexifying Facilitation by Immersing in Lived Experiences of on-the-fly Facilitation

Background: Describing the role of a facilitator often results in to-do lists resembling a recipe or a laundry list to follow. Such lists fail to grasp the inherent complexity of facilitation and are not very useful in guiding facilitators when, why and if they should intervene in the unfolding live performance of that day. Aim: To develop a deeper understanding of on-the-fly facilitation by analyzing rich empirical accounts of in-situ facilitation episodes. Intervention: Six facilitation episodes were through purposeful sampling selected from a body of hundreds of interventions in forty-seven performed crisis management training exercises in Swedish municipalities. Each full-day crisis management simulation-game had between fifteen and fifty participants involving politicians, administrative managers and crisis management staff. Method: An auto-hermeneutical phenomenological analysis of six lived experiences of facilitation episodes was conducted to understand what the facilitator observed and how a facilitation intervention was applied. Results: On-the-fly-facilitation is instantaneous, but draws simultaneously on awareness of the past, present and future. Facilitation needs are foreseen during design and they influence current attentiveness and coaching. Unfolding game-play needs to be grasped quickly. Potential future consequences of intervening or not intervening are evaluated within a limited window of opportunity. Due to these circumstances, facilitation is multi-skilled, arbitrary and fallible. Such muddiness of on-the-fly facilitation requires courage from the facilitator. Conclusions: In order to better understand how facilitation skills and roles actually are performed, the facilitation literature desperately needs a larger number of rich empirical accounts of interesting in-situ facilitation. Elaborate analysis of such lived experiences could develop understanding as to how available skills, situational circumstances as well as the unfolding interaction between players and facilitators actually develop into a facilitation intervention. This could generate more complex theoretical understanding of how to apply facilitation skills, in addition to theories that list what skills a facilitator should master.

Improving Emergency Cricothyroidotomies: Simulation-Based Training for Critical Care Providers.

This article discusses skill proficiency of providers related to emergency cricothyroidotomies. Various techniques to improve procedural skills were studied. Accurate identification of the cricothyroid membrane via palpation remained consistently inadequate. High-fidelity simulation including the use of human cadavers may be the preferred method of skill training for crisis management. The authors emphasize that additional research is needed regarding a method for rapid cricothyroid membrane identification as well as needle cricothyroidotomy versus surgical airway on cadavers. More consistent training will enable emergency care providers to perform this rare but lifesaving skill.

Student affairs professionals have what it takes to lead students, staff through challenges of pandemic

W hen college campuses felt the impact of the pandemic, student affairs professionals tapped into their extensive, on‐the‐job training in crisis management. Before the COVID‐19 crisis, they knew to expect the unexpected, frequently working behind the scenes to successfully manage crises. And that experience helped prepare student affairs professionals to lead students and staff through the pandemic, said Angela E. Batista, Ed.D., Certified Executive and Design Coach, and Founder and CEO of Batista Consulting Services, LLC​, and former Vice President of Student Affairs and Institutional Diversity and Inclusion at Vermont's Champlain College. “There's a sense of comfort, knowing how to deal with a crisis,” she said. But this time was different, of course. “It usually doesn't happen in such a fish bowl,” noted Batista, also the 2020–2021 NASPA Board Chair.