Traffic Markings Research Articles

A Segmentation Method of Traffic Marking Based on Average Gray Approximating the Optimal Threshold

Image segmentation technique was used widely for computer vision and image processing. A robust technique of image segmentation plays a crucial role in identification problem. In this paper, a nonparametric and unsupervised method of automatic threshold for segmenting image was proposed, i.e. the optimal threshold is approximated by global average gray and local average gray, and this method was compared with other methods by using standard image. The experimental results show that our method proposed in this paper is robust. In addition, an image database of road traffic marking (www.ananth.in/RoadMarkingdetection.html) is provided to do this experiment for testing our method, the results show that our method is excellent.

Based on Image Processing Technology of Trajectory Monitoring Analysis Research

At present, the urban road traffic is very congested, and a large part of the road congestion caused by the reason is that some drivers do not according to the traffic line markings driving .This paper proposes the image processing method which is based on the level of brightness to complete vehicle trajectory monitoring analysis and recognize automatically the information of the illegal vehicle plate, so the method which is applied in monitoring illegal vehicles has great reference value.

A Probability Model of Bicycles Crossing Vehicle-bicycle Separation Lines

Vehicle-bicycle separation lines are frequently used to isolate motor vehicles from bicycles on China's urban roads. Conflict between motor vehicles and bicycles exists in these road sections. It is regularly caused by bicycles crossing the vehicle-bicycle separation line onto the motor vehicle lane. Thus, it is imperative to research the probability of crossing travel of bicycles. First, two presumptions for bicycles to cross travel are stated. One is that bicycles need to cross the traffic marking; the other is that the space among the adjacent motor vehicle flows is available for bicycles to cross. With this observation, the probability of conflicts between motor vehicles and bicycles can be obtained as a product of their probabilities. Based on this probability, the result was summarized as follows: the probability for bicycles crossing the traffic marking obeys a negative exponential distribution, which is derived. The result was shown by theoretical analysis and was compared to actual survey data. The available probability for bicycles entering into motor vehicle flow was found by the use of a traffic survey. Therefore, a probability function was proposed with different spaces that led to a probability model for vehicle-bicycle conflicts. At last, using the survey data, the probability model proved to be correct.

교통노면표시 이해도에 관한 연구

Traffic pavement markings are one of primary transportation facilities that provide drivers with various road information directly. Thus, a clear understanding of traffic pavement markings is utmost important to improve traffic safety as well as to establish a proper traffic culture. However, no past studies examined drivers` understanding of traffic pavement markings in Korea. Hence, this study investigated drivers` understanding of traffic pavement markings through an elaborated administrated survey, and analyzed the relationship between various drivers` characteristics and understanding regarding pavement marking via cross-classification table and logistic model. The analysis results show that drivers have limited understanding regarding the purpose of the markings. Specifically, the average understanding of pavement markings is 57.41%: the lowest understanding is 25.88% for yield pavement marking, and the highest understanding is 91.18% for advanced pedestrian crosswalk pavement marking. This study also revealed that the understanding of some pavement markings are somewhat influenced by user group such as drivers with suspended or revoked driver licenses, but the overall understanding of pavement markings are not significantly affected by drivers` characteristics such as gender and driving experiences at

Design of Fast Performance Testing & Analysis System of Road Traffic Markings

In view of the heavy workload and the lack of objective measurement and evaluation standards of disrepair rate during the performance testing of road traffic marking, this paper is designed to present a system that can be installed in an automobile and automatically track and analyze the performance of traffic marking. The system consists of a carrying vehicle, GPS, IMU, line-array cameras, frame grabbers, data acquisition software and data analysis software. Based on image enhancement and image segmentation technology, the system is designed with a set of effective road traffic marking automatic detection algorithms, which can automatically measure and analyze the properties of road traffic markings, such as disrepair rate, width, length, longitudinal distance, horizontal distance and so on.

이용자 감성분석을 통한 하이패스 차로 노면표시 설계 기법

Effective use of traffic marking can lead to driver`s safer driving by speed management and visibility enhancement. One of the critical factors in designing traffic marking is how to incorporate human factor issues into the design process. This study presented a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of Hi-pass marking on Korean freeways based on kansei engineering. Hi-pass marking scenarios made by a virtual reality tool were used to evaluate the user`s perceptions. Various combination of chevron angles and peripheral transverse(PT) bars were used for the evaluation. The results show that the most effective scenario is a combination of 60 degree chevron angle and an askew parallelogramshaped PT bar shaped. It is expected that the proposed method and outcome will be useful for making safer driving maneuvers.

Study on the Method of Making Road-Base-Map of Traffic Accident Scene

There are two elements in road traffic accident scene graph, base map and other elements in the site of traffic accident. The base map mainly includes traffic sings and traffic markings. Drawing traffic accident scene graph is a necessary link during disposing road traffic accident, while drawing the base map costs most of the time of drawing traffic accident scene. In order to save processing time of dealing with the traffic accident, the concept of road base map is proposed. The symbol design and data organization of the base map are analyzed. All this provides a new way to make the traffic accident scene graph.

A Comparative Performance Analysis on NEMO-QoS and MIPv6-QoS in Heterogeneous Environments

Mobility management in heterogeneous networks is an important area since the mobile network may be moving between multiple types of access networks which involve several service providers such as 802.11b WLAN, 802.16 WiMAX and UMTS Networks. In crowded environments, the bottleneck is often between the access link and the mobile network. Being able to prioritize the traffic and allocate a minimum bandwidth guarantee for each user is crucial in this environment. This study presents a novel dynamic QoS provisioning mechanism for network mobility in heterogeneous networks integrated with IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) protocol. Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support protocol has three important nodes Mobile Network Nodes (MNNs), Mobile Router (MR) and Home Agent (HA). The dynamic QoS provisioning mechanism which consists of traffic marking, prioritizing and scheduling are implemented at the mobile network node domain. While the admission control module is implemented at a mobile router domain. Several experiments are conducted to evaluate the mechanism. The results have shown the importance of less packet loss and delay and higher packet forwarding rate.

Plug-in power

The paper discusses on the issues regarding the charging of electric vehicles. The paper focusses on the challenges it presents to electric utility companies in terms of infrastructure development due to the substantial increase of load that the power grids have to handle. Additional concerns presented are with regards to the installation of recharging post and metering, and traffic regulation and road markings.

Performance Evaluation of No Track Thermoplastic Traffic Markings

No track thermoplastic is a relatively new thermoplastic traffic marking material which can be installed on newly constructed asphalt pavement shortly after finishing paving operations. The main objectives of this study are (1) to develop a test procedure that can be used to determine whether a thermoplastic traffic marking is a no track thermoplastic traffic marking and (2) to run field tests to obtain performance data through real applications of industry-proclaimed no track thermoplastic traffic markings. Sixteen transverse lines were installed in the field for performance evaluation. The research team measured several parameters in the field such as appearance, retroreflectivity, and color. By comparing the testing parameters between no track and regular thermoplastic traffic markings, the research team intended to select a parameter that can be used to develop technical specifications to help decision makers define no track thermoplastic traffic markings. It was found that the best parameters that ca...

A functional reference model of passive systems for tracing network traffic

Determining the originating node of network traffic is a key problem in network forensics. As a network attacker may leave little direct evidence of his identity, it is useful to find his point of entry into the network. This, along with further host-based investigation, can tie a given suspect to an attack. Past work at the origin identification problem has assumed cooperative users (authentication), simple mechanisms of origin concealment (i.e. correlating spoofing or island hopping traffic), modifying network protocols (traffic marking), or host-based protocols (e.g. Carrier's STOP protocol). As this work is usually specific to a single type of origin concealment, we know little in general about the origin identification problem. In this paper, we discuss passive approaches that do not modify traffic, but rather, they store observations for later analysis. We present a general reference model of passive origin identification. The reference model defines features of all passive origin identification systems known. It is a functional model as it defines the components in terms of their general behavior and goals. The reference model is useful for reasoning about the behavior and flaws of origin identification systems. The model is also quite useful for discussing and teaching origin identification techniques. The model leads to several necessary and sufficient conditions for some level of passive origin identification in general. The first is separation of the network by monitors. The second is sufficient storage to permit later analysis. Furthermore, the model leads to several additional mutually sufficient conditions for passive origin identification in general. These are accurate correlation of traffic outputs to corresponding inputs and a trusted communication path between the analysis agent and the network monitors. By examining each of these conditions in the context of their applicability to forensic evidence, we suggest that passive origin identification will remain a preliminary investigation tool unless monitors are widely deployed in network hosts. This work is the first general theoretical framework for network forensics using passive monitors. It facilitates comparison of origin identification techniques and suggests new problems facing the field.

Road markings: A technical review of products and their evolution

Since their first use in 1917 in the United Sates, traffic markings (the material used for marking concrete and asphalt pavements) have undergone a steady evolution to meet functional requirements as well as environmental challenges. Early traffic markings were based on oil and resin formulations. With the advent of latex emulsions technology in the 1950s, water-borne traffic marking paints and coatings were developed which offered safety in handling and application. Over the years, water-borne traffic paints have been greatly improved and today they are the prefered products of the industry. In addition to conventional traffic marking paints (oil and water-borne), thermoplastics and reflective traffic marking tapes are being used in considerable quantities. The benefits against the cost considerations dictate which types of traffic marking systems are used.

Evaluation of Traffic Markings in Cold Regions

This paper summarizes a research project that evaluated the performance of traffic marking materials used in Alaska and other northwestern states. This study was conducted by reviewing existing reports, past studies, and information databases; conducting a field survey that rated existing traffic marking; conducting field measurements of retoreflectivity of traffic markings using a reflectometer; and conducting a subjective opinion survey about the performance of traffic markings used In cold regions. Results summarized in this paper include impacts of traffic marking patterns on driver behavior, minimum reflectivity requirements, a general evaluation of traffic marking materials, field survey, reflectivity performance, subjective survey evaluation, and final conclusions. The traffic marking material types evaluated in this study included traffic paint, thermoplastics, preformed tapes, and methyl methacrylate. These traffic marking materials have been applied in Alaska and some northern states.

The locations of headlamps and driver eye positions in vehicles sold in the USA

Information about the locations of headlamps and driver eye positions is important in estimating the performance of a variety of traffic-safety equipment, such as retroreflective traffic signs and markings, rearview mirrors, and headlamps. Driver eye height is also an important factor in determining safe sight distances on vertical curves. However, no comprehensive database concerning the locations of headlamps and driver eye positions exists for the current US fleet. The present study was designed to obtain such information for vehicles currently sold in the USA. The information was derived from the 15 bestselling cars and the 15 best-selling light trucks and vans. These 30 vehicles represent 52% of all vehicles sold in the USA in 1995. For headlamp locations, actual vehicle measurements were made. For driver eye positions, dimensional information provided by vehicle manufacturers was used to estimate the location of the driver seating reference point. A computer model that predicts the relationship of the driver eye position to the driver seating reference point was then used to calculate driver eye positions. The obtained information includes sales-weighted mean dimensions for the locations of headlamps and driver eye positions, calculated separately for cars and for light trucks and vans.

Study of formulation variables of thermoplastic reflecting materials for traffic marking

Nine formulations of thermoplastic materials for traffic marking were prepared using a resin based on maleic anhydride modified with rosin in different proportions (18, 22, and 26%). A liquid coconut long oil alkyd resin (100% solids) was employed as a plasticizer.

Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity Requirements for Older Drivers

Traffic pavement markings serve to regulate, guide, and channelize traffic and supplement other traffic-control devices. Because of their retroreflective properties pavement markings are critical for guidance at night, when reference objects near the edge of the roadway are difficult to see. Nighttime luminance levels provided by pavement markings that may be adequate for younger drivers may be less than adequate for older drivers. Both subjective evaluations and quantitative measures of inplace roadway markings were made to determine minimum marking retroreflectivity levels required for older drivers. In the field study more than 85 percent of subjects aged 60 years or older rated a marking retroreflectance of 100 mcd/m2/lx as adequate or more than adequate for night conditions. This base value does not include the effects of windshields and headlights that are less than clean or the variability of individual vehicle headlight performance. A comparison between the results for older drivers and the result...

Colors of Traffic Signals, Signs and Markings

Colors of Traffic Signals, Signs and Markings

Plasticized Sulfur Compositions for Traffic Marking

Plasticized Sulfur Compositions for Traffic Marking

Plasticized Sulfur Composition for Traffic Marking

Plasticized Sulfur Composition for Traffic Marking

Uniform Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings

MODERN city traffic requires not only provision of highways which shall be suitable to handle the estimated traffic which will seek to use the city's streets, but also, for the best results, that consideration shall be given to methods of controlling traffic which are in use elsewhere. One reason for this is that, unlike olden times, much of the traffic in the streets of any city is not local but interurban, interstate, or possibly of still more distant origin. If vehicle operators are to be expected to comport themselves in conformity with local regulations and practices, those regulations and customs should be substantially uniform in all municipalities. Modern control and regulation of street traffic, to be efficient, involves the use of such mechanical helps as traffic signals, signs and pavement markings. The use of such devices has been developing rapidly in recent years. City traffic has become so complicated and restrictions have become so numerous that it is necessary for drivers of vehicles to receive an almost continuous series of instructions not to violate regulations and thus interfere with the use of the streets by others.