Traffic Island Research Articles

Ecological Rainwater Management in Urban Areas. Preliminary Considerations for the City of Corinth, Greece

Ecological rainwater management methods in urban areas can contribute to: 1) reduction of total rain water runoff and of its peak, 2) storage of rainwater, in order to cover low quality water demand, such as park irrigation, 3) local aquifer replenishment, 4) reduction of property damage and activity disruption, which is due to insufficient sewer networks, 5) improvement of rain runoff quality through pollutant retention, filtration, decomposition, plant uptake, etc. 6) mitigation of pollution of runoff receiving water bodies and 7) upgrading of urban and suburban landscape. In this paper emphasis is placed on rain gardens. Their main features are outlined, criteria for selection of construction sites (such as rain water collection efficiency, landscape improvement and cost) are discussed and certain suitable public or municipal sites in the city of Corinth, Greece, are briefly described. Examples include a degraded street area, a traffic island, a school area, preexisting flower beds, a suburban railway station and abandoned railway tracks.

토빗모형을 이용한 교차로 보행자 사고모형 개발

This study deals with the pedestrian accidents of intersections in case of Cheongju. The objective is to develop the pedestrian accident models using Tobit regression model. In pursuing the above, the pedestrian accident data from 2007 to 2011 were collected from TAAS data set of Road Traffic Authority. To analyze the accident, Poisson, negative binomial and Tobit regression models were utilized in this study. The dependent variable were the number of accident by intersection. Independent variables are traffic volume, intersection geometric structure and the transportation facility. The main results were as follows. First, Tobit model was judged to be more appropriate model than other models. Also, these models were analyzed to be statistically significant. Second, such the main variables related to accidents as traffic volume, pedestrian volume, number of traffic island, crossing length and the pedestrian countdown signal systems were adopted in the above model.

Creating Anew, Again: Deserted Islands and Textual Inhabitations in Bernardo Atxaga'sObabakoak

Desert islands haunt the Western imagination: textually, cinematically and philosophically, in critical thinking and in reality television, artists, writers and filmmakers seek to inhabit the terra incognita of the empty isle. In these cultural productions, the island takes many guises: it can be a place where rules no longer apply, where Shakespeare’s Prospero brings down magical storms and Golding’s schoolboys descend into savagery; or it can be a place where rules are re-imposed, where Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe colonizes and cultivates the island around him in order to replicate the social subsystem he inhabited prior to his shipwreck. Defoe’s 1719 novel is undoubtedly the most famous Western fiction of desert island life and, just as Crusoe himself bestrides his island, so Defoe’s text bestrides twentieth-century cultural productions of, and about, desert islands, inspiring multiple variants, parodies, and ekphratic translations. In fiction, Michel Tournier’s phenomenological rewriting of the Crusoe story in his 1967 Vendredi ou les limbes du Pacifique (Friday, or, The Other Island) converts the island from passive recipient of Crusoe’s colonization into a life force in its own right. Concrete Island, J. G. Ballard’s 1974 retelling of the story, moves his castaway to a traffic island beneath three motorways near London, morphing Crusoe’s deserted sea into a roaring mass of transportation which proves no less alienating to the protagonist. In cinema, Robert Zemeckis’ 2000 film Cast Away updates the Crusoe story to 1995, replacing Defoe’s sailor protagonist with a Fed-ex employee, and Man Friday with a Wilson Sporting Goods volleyball. The desert island has also proved inspiring

The production and display of Domenico Brucciani's plaster cast of Hubert Le Sueur's equestrian statue of Charles I

In 1853 the the Crystal Palace Company commissioned the formatore Domenico Giovanni Brucciani to produce a plaster mould and cast of the equestrian statue of Charles I by Hubert Le Sueur, which had been cast in bronze in 1633 and installed at Charing Cross by 1675. The reproduction of the bronze statue and its later Portland stone pedestal (carved by Joshua Marshall but misattributed by some nineteenth-century sources to Grinling Gibbons) provided an intriguing public spectacle as a temporary wooden workshop was built around the sculpture at its location on a traffic island near Trafalgar Square. Both the Illustrated London News and the Lady's Newspaper published accounts of this process with textual descriptions and accompanying wood engravings of the scene inside the structure, making visible this translation in progress. The two accounts attended above all to the materiality of the procedure, particularly the sheer weight of plaster and iron required to complete the task. This essay contextualizes Bruc...

Herstories: An Anthology of New Ukrainian Women Prose Writers

Oscar Coop-Phane Zenith Hotel Ros Schwartz, tr. Arcadia Books Oscar Coop-Phane shows he is not afraid to tackle the darker sides of life as he tells the story of a prostitute and the men she serves. The novel unfolds with a sympathetic clarity that refuses to shy away from both the harsh realities of life and the bits of gentleness and hope that can be found among the shadows. Colette Shipwrecked on a Traffic Island Zack Rogow & Renée Morel, tr. State University of New York Press This charming collection of previously untranslated stories, advice columns, and articles captures the passion and whimsy of influential French writer and personality Colette. The brevity of each piece (the longest is eleven pages) only serves to highlight the author’s remarkable wit, insight, and economical yet beautiful prose. Each offering disarms and delights. Nota Bene “the echo of centuries rings in your heart,” in Maryland it bridges the gap between America and Albania with prosaic images. Freed from Albania’s strictures, Hana realizes: “Now I have to invent my own life.” Her cousin, Lila, wants her to become “a normal woman” quickly, but Hana answers, “I can’t hurry my soul.” First she must resurrect the life of her body, its sexuality repressed before it could ever be experienced. As Hana sheds Mark, a “carapace,” she and her Irish American seatmate on the plane from Albania begin an intricate dance of the sexes that leads to physical and psychological rebirth. Sworn virgins still exist; Dones has filmed a documentary about their lives. But her novel does not simply investigate a unique custom. Rather , it explores many binary oppositions —urban/rural, tradition/modernity , wealth/poverty, West/non-West, communism/capitalism, home/diaspora , male/female, body/soul—to reveal how sociopolitical forces mold individual lives. Ultimately, this spare but evocative novel portrays a woman who negotiates and finally reconciles those binaries to shape an identity that transcends history, tradition, and societal constraints. Michele Levy North Carolina A&T University Herstories: An Anthology of New Ukrainian Women Prose Writers. Michael M. Naydan, ed. London. Glagoslav. 2014. isbn 9781909156012 The common thread that unites the diverse works of fiction presented in Herstories is that they were all written by Ukrainian women. Editor Michael Naydan explains that he compiled this anthology in an effort to bring some due attention to the scores of women currently writing fiction in Ukraine (and a few from beyond) and to introduce them to the English-speaking world. This probably explains why he decided to include so many excerpts from longer texts; unfortunately, such a format would probably work better if its target audience could actually read the writers’ other works. In this case, the reader is frequently left puzzled by a piece taken out of context, or unsatisfied when she turns the page to find the story suddenly over just when it was getting good. This abruptness is perhaps what lends a pervasive sense of incompleteness to what is seemingly a farreaching collection. More thorough editing would probably have eliminated much of the confusion that even backing up and rereading a few sentences doesn’t clear up. It could also have brought consistency to the transliteration of names and places. But the best works stand out on their own, in spite of any redactional shortcomings. Some of the exceptional talents include Larysa Denysenko, Natalka Śniadanko, and Liudmyla Taran. Many of the stories are draped in, if not cast in, a certain fairy-taleness that strives to persuade us (and mostly does) that the most interesting stories arise all around us. This is not magical realism, per se, for nothing breaks the rules of our world; it is rather a realistic look at the everyday , which takes on an almost sacral significance when sculpted out of prose. Central to this literary ordinariness is the quotidian dissatisfaction that forms the principal conflict of so many of the protagonists’ (female and male) lives. More than just showing that there’s a whole wealth of female fiction writers beyond the poets of the November–December 2014 • 57 reviews Soviet period, this anthology also shows their adeptness at presenting multiple voices: women and men, young and old, urban...

Multivariate analysis of metals content in urban snow near traffic lanes in Novi Sad, Serbia

During December 2009 snow was collected at twenty two locations across the urban area of Novi Sad, directly from roads and from traffic islands near crossroads. The total metal concentration was determined for each of ten metals (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Zn) using the ICP-OES analytical technique. The metal found to have the lowest concentration was Ni (0.0265 mg dm-3). The metal with the highest concentration was Na (10786 mg dm-3), which is a consequence of sodium chloride being used as de-icing salt on the roads. The metal with the second highest concentration at all locations was Ca; this was most likely the result of soil dust. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between analyzed metals were calculated to determine how concentrations of metals were related. A cluster analysis was carried out on the obtained data sets, using both hierarchical and partitioning methods in order to identify associations among metals and/or locations. It was shown that traffic density was not the most important factor that caused differences between the concentrations of the metals in samples.

Study on the Installation warrants of staggered crosswalk traffic island on Urban Streets

Study on the Installation warrants of staggered crosswalk traffic island on Urban Streets

New Concept of Traffic Rotary Design at Road Intersections

Traffic Rotary at road intersections is special form of grade change of lanes to channelize movement of vehicles in one direction around a central traffic island. With rapid growth of traffic it is experienced that widening of roads and providing flyovers have become imperative to overcome major conflicts at intersections such as collision between through and right- turn movements. In this way, major conflicts are converted into milder conflicts like merging and diverging. The vehicles entering the rotary are gently forced to move in a clockwise direction. They then weave out of the rotary to the desired direction. The crossing of vehicles is avoided by allowing all vehicles to merge into a stream around the rotary and then to diverge out to the desired radiating road. Thus the crossing conflicts eliminate and convert into weaving manoeuvre or a merging operation from right and a diverging operation to the left. In this paper, designing rotaries at road intersections is discussed and a software package is developed to be used in road works.

A Random Set Approach for Modeling Integrated Uncertainties of Traffic Islands Derived from Airborne Laser Scanning Points

Traffic islands play a major role in transport studies by affecting traffic behavior safety, air pollution, and transport decision support. Point data obtained by laser scanning enable the determination of their locations. Planimetric errors, vertical errors, and limited point spacing however affect their spatial data quality (SDQ). In this study the authors defined uncertainty as the lack of accuracy and analyzed its importance by modeling each traffic island as a random set. The covering functions of the point data and their immediate locations were determined by point segmentation, followed by interpolation. In this way, traffic islands were delineated from the background with a transition zone. The study showed that point spacing has the largest contribution to the positional accuracy of a traffic island. The area of transition zone has a linear relation with the planimetric errors, whereas the influence of the vertical errors on the accuracy decreases with increasing point spacing. Experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of the parameters in an SDQ analysis. The study demonstrated how different sources of uncertainty can be integrated. Results showed the advantages of using random sets for SQD modeling. The authors concluded that modeling of traffic islands by random sets provides meaningful information to integrated uncertainties.

Determining treatment frequency for controlling weeds on traffic islands using chemical and non‐chemical weed control

SummaryMany public authorities rely on the use of non‐chemical weed control methods, due to stringent restrictions on herbicide use in urban areas. However, these methods usually require more repeated treatments than chemical weed management, resulting in increased costs of weed management. In order to investigate the efficacy of four non‐chemical weed control methods and glyphosate treatment, experiments were carried out on traffic islands in the growing seasons 2005 and 2006. Three trial sites were each divided into six treatment areas, which were either treated with glyphosate, flame, steam, hot air/flame, hot water or left untreated. The treatments were carried out at regular, predetermined intervals throughout the growing season in 2004, whereas in 2005 and 2006 how many treatments that were required to keep weed cover below a predetermined acceptance level of 2% were investigated. Percentage weed cover was measured every second week using a 75 cm × 75 cm quadrat divided into 100 squares. On the control areas, a rapid increase in weed cover was observed, whereas weed cover could be kept below 2% by 2–7 treatments per year, depending on control method. On average, the following numbers of treatments per year were required: glyphosate 2.5, hot water 3, flames 5, hot air/flames 5.5 and steam 5.5 treatments. The results demonstrate that the weed control should be adjusted to the prescribed quality for the traffic islands by regularly assessing the need for weed control. They also show that tailored treatments can reduce the number of required non‐chemical treatments per year.

DESAIN ARTWORK PADA TAMAN PULAU DAN MEDIAN JALAN DI JALAN MEDAN MERDEKA JAKARTA

Open space is a part of the community's needs for leisure. Open space can have many forms and functions. One of them is the traffic island and street median. Traffic Island and street median has potential as a media of display to form character and give a mental map for an area. Character of a region can be shaped with elements inside, one of these with the placement of the artwork. Artwork can be a an element mental map to guide a person to move from one point to other, especially in big cities such as Jakarta. The Medan Merdeka road is surrounded by traffic islands, up to now still not have character and appeal to form a mental map of its users. This study aims to create the artwork design can shape the character and attitudes docket in the Medan Merdeka Area. This activity is carried out on the grounds of The Medan Merdeka region in 16 weeks with the method of direct observation and interviews. The Output from this research includes the design artwork on the traffic Island to has function as a mental map in the area.

O brincar no ambiente urbano: limites e possibilidades em ruas e parquinhos de uma metrópole

A proposta desse trabalho foi realizar um levantamento das diversas formas de ocupacao do espaco urbano externo para brincadeiras em Salvador. Utilizou-se a fotografia de eventos como dados, que foram categorizados em: locais para criancas (geralmente parquinhos) e locais nao planejados para criancas (ruas, rotatorias etc.). Foram computados 111 eventos, sendo 91 em parquinhos publicos e 20 em espacos nao planejados. Constataram-se diferencas na forma de ocupacao desses dois tipos de espacos e no tipo de brincadeira: brincadeira de exercicio fisico nos aparelhos nos locais para e jogos de regras nas areas livres nos locais nao para. Encontraram-se diferenciacoes tambem relacionadas ao papel do adulto (cuidador e brincante) e a presenca de meninos e meninas.

Defect-disorder and risk assessment of heritage trees in urban Hong Kong

Heritage trees in a city, echoing factors conducive to outstanding performance, deserve special care and conservation. To understand their structural and health conditions in urban Hong Kong, 30 defect-disorder (DD) symptoms (physical and physiological) subsumed under four tree-position groups (soil-root, trunk, branching, and crown-foliage) and tree hazard rating were evaluated. The surveyed 352 trees included 70 species; 14 species with 233 trees were native. More trees had medium height (10–15m), medium DBH (1–1.5m) and large crown (>15m). In ten habitats, public park and garden (PPG) accommodated the most trees, and roadside traffic island (RTI) and public housing estate (PH) had the least. Tree dimensions and tree habitats were significantly associated. The associations between the 2831 DD and tree-position groups, tree habitats and tree hazard rating were analyzed. Fourteen trees from Ficus microcarpa, Ficus virens and Gleditsia fera had high hazard rating, 179 trees from 22 species moderate rating, and 159 trees from 55 species low rating. RTI, roadside tree strip (RTS), roadside tree pit (RTP), roadside planter (RP) and stone wall (SW) had more moderate hazard rating, and PPG, roadside slope (RS) and government, institutional and community land (GIC) more low rating. Redundancy analysis showed that DD were positively correlated with RTS, RTP, RP and SW, but negatively correlated with PPG, RS and GIC (p<0.05). The DD significantly increased tree hazard rating and failure potential. Future management implications for heritage-tree conservation and enhancement focusing squarely on critical tree defect-disorder in urban Hong Kong were explored, with application to other compact cities.

Survival after blunt left ventricular rupture with cardiac tamponade

A 34-year-old man was drunk and drove to hit a traffic island. Cold sweating and unconscious status were found on arrival. Vital signs revealed BP 42/25, and heart rate 121/min. There was massive pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade found by CT. Immediate surgical intervention and rupture of left ventricular (LV) free wall was found. He was discharged after 2 d intensive care unit (ICU) observation and 5-day regular ward care. There is high mortality rate in traumatic heart rupture although timely repair, over all mortality is around 20%-36% in recent 3 years.

제주지역 다지교차로의 회전교차로 교통시스템 변환에 따른 효과분석

회전교차로는 평면교차로의 일종으로 교차로 중앙에 원형교통섬을 두고 교차로를 통과하는 자동차가 원형교통섬을 우회하도록 하는 교차로 형식이다. 본 연구에서는 신호교차로와 회전교차로의 운영 및 경제적 효과를 분석하기 위해서 제주지역의 5개 교차로를 중심으로 회전교차로 설치에 따른 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 차량평균지체 측면에서 신호교차로에 비해 회전교차로가 65.6%%에서 91.77%의 개선효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 차량운행비용과 시간가치비용을 종합한 교통혼잡비용의 효과를 분석한 결과, 년간 58.59%(D intersection)에서 81.69%(B intersection)의 비용절감 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이를 통해 제주지역의 경우 신호교차로에 비해서 회전교차로가 운영 효과가 뛰어난 것으로 조사되었다. Roundabout is an intersection that allows vehicles to pass through the intersection by circulating the circular traffic island at the center of the intersection. In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted on roundabout at five locations in order to deduce the operational result and financial effect of roundabout and signal intersection. As for the operational result, it was found that roundabout showed improvement effect in the average delay per vehicle compared to that of signal intersection by minimum of 65.6% and maximum of 91.77%. it was found that roundabout showed financial cost-saving effect in the traffic congestion cost compared to that of signal operation by minimum of 58.59% and maximum of 81.69% per year. It can be known from these analysis results that roundabout has significant operational effects under certain amount of traffic volume by allowing vehicles to pass through the intersection in a continuous way without much waiting time and stoppage from signal control.

회전교차로에서의 보조방향표지 규격 및 최적위치 선정

최근 교통운영체계 선진화방안의 일환으로 사고감소, 소통증진, 저탄소 녹색교통 활성화 차원에서 회전교차로의 도입 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 지자체에서는 회전교차로 설치사업을 추진함에 따라 회전교차로의 도입이 점차 확대되고 있으나, 현 도로표지 설치 기준에 따라 보조방향표지를 설치할 경우 교차로의 형태에 적합하지 않아 그 설치기준을 새롭게 마련할 필요가 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 국내 회전교차로의 도로표지 설치 기준을 실험을 통해 도출하고자 하였다. 국외 회전교차로의 도로표지 설치 기준에 대해 고찰하여 규격 및 설치위치에 대한 사항을 준용하여, 교차로 내에서 적정 위치에서 회전할 수 있도록 설치위치 및 최소 글씨크기를 산출하여 적용하였다. 설치 가능한 위치별 2개의 규격을 적용하였으며, 시뮬레이터를 이용한 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과에 따라, 운전자가 인지와 판독이 용이한 위치는 우측부였으며, 최소글씨 크기 15cm 일 때 원하는 출구로 진출이 가능하였다. 이에 따라, 회전교차로에 설치되는 보조방향표지의 최소 글씨크기 및 설치위치에 대한 기준을 도출하였다. As a strategy to enhance traffic management, roundabouts come to the fore recently to decrease traffic accidents, streamline traffic flows, and expedite the realization of green transportation. As local governments introduced roundabouts, new road sign standards have to be established because the existing road sign regulations cannot be applied to roundabouts. Prior to trying to make suitable specification of sub-destination signs in roundabouts, regulations of other countries were examined and modified. The legend and location was calculated so that drivers could turn in time. Two specifications were determined by simulation experiments. As a result, drivers could read signs at right side better than at traffic island, and turn in time at 15cm legend size. Consequently, we proposed the minimum specifications and optimal locations of sub-destination signs.

보행자 서비스 수준을 고려한 교통섬 설계기준 연구

이 연구의 목적은 보행자 서비스 수준을 고려한 보행 교통섬의 설계기준을 개발하는데 있다. 이를 위해 이 연구에서는 시뮬레이션 분석을 통해 일정 보행자 서비스 수준 C와 D를 유지할 수 있는 교통섬의 최소 설계 면적과 교차로 기하구조(편도 2차로)를 반영한 임계 보행 교통량을 제시하는데 중점을 두고 있다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보행 서비스 수준 C와 D를 만족하고, 신호주기별 보행 교통량에 따른 총 160개 교통섬의 면적이 VISSIM을 통해 도출된다. 보행 서비스 수준 및 보행 교통량에 따른 교통섬의 면적은 최소 <TEX>$3.0m^2$</TEX>에서 최대 <TEX>$41.0m^2$</TEX>인 것으로 분석된다. 둘째, 교통섬 운영의 임계 보행 교통량은 편도 2차로와 120-150초 신호주기를 기준으로 서비스수준 C에서 1,000-1,300인/시, 그리고 D에서 1,600-1,800인/시인 것으로 평가된다. The objective of this study is to develop the design criteria of traffic island considering pedestrian level of service (LOS). In pursuing the above, this study gives particular emphasis to suggesting the minimum design space of traffic island in order to maintain pedestrian LOS C and D, and the critical pedestrian traffic volume that reflects the intersection geometry (2 lanes per direction) through the simulation analysis. The main results are as follows. First, the spaces of 160 traffic islands, which meet the pedestrian LOS C and D and reflects the pedestrian traffic volume by signal cycle, are drawn by using a commercial simulator VISSIM. The relevant spaces of traffic island in terms of both the pedestrian LOS and the pedestrian traffic volume are evaluated to range from <TEX>$3.0m^2$</TEX> to <TEX>$41m^2$</TEX>. Second, the critical pedestrian traffic volume for the operation of traffic island is evaluated to be 1,000-1,300 person/hour at LOS C and 1,600-1,800 person/hour at LOS D, respectively, when a cycle of 120-150 seconds were applied to a intersection with two lanes per direction.

Critical factors associated with bicycle accidents at 4-legged signalized urban intersections in South Korea

Recently, bicycle volumes have been noticeably increasing in Korea. However, relatively few studies regarding bicyclist safety have been published. Since understanding the factors which strongly influence bicycle accidents at urban signalized intersections is very valuable in improving bicyclist safety, this study developed a regression model to identify factors associated with bicycle crashes using data from 112 signalized urban intersections. We found that the Poisson regression model is suitable for identifying critical factors, which are as follows: the increase of average daily traffic volume and average daily bicycle volume tend to increase bicycle accident. When width of passenger road (side walk) is increasing, the probability of bicycle accident is decreasing. If traffic islands exist at intersection, likelihood of bicycle accident is increasing as well. We note that these factors must be considered when evaluate bicyclist safety at signalized urban intersections in Korea. Furthermore, these variables should be carefully considered for future bicyclist safety researches.

Compost and Wildflowers for the Management of Urban Derelict Soils

The aim of this study was to verify whether the use of source-separated municipal waste compost could improve the physical quality of urban soils and create better conditions for their management when planted with herbaceous species. A sandy soil in traffic islands was tilled to a depth of 10 cm, and half of the surface was treated with compost (3 kg/m2). A mixture of 25 herbaceous annuals was then sown in the entire area. Organic carbon content and physical characteristics were determined at different times in the soil treated and not treated with compost. The vegetation was monitored in terms of its growth and flowering. The compost-treated soil showed an increase in organic carbon content. Total porosity increased with time in the compost-treated soil, due to a higher volume of transmission pores, which play a role in water movement. Soil aggregate stability also improved in the compost-treated soil. The duration of flowering of the individual species and the overall quantity of flowers were greater in the compost-treated soil.

Deicing Salts' Effects on Engineered Bioretention Soils

Deicing Salts' Effects on Engineered Bioretention SoilsBio(in)filtration systems are constructed using engineered media which may or may not contain additional organic matter and clay-sized particles. They often are located near lower-pollutant-generating transportation facilities, such as parking lot traffic islands and potentially along residential and commercial streets. Their location along transportation corridors or in parking lots, however,...Author(s)Sai KakuturuShirley E. ClarkSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2012ISSN1938-6478DOI10.2175/193864712811699294Volume / Issue2012 / 5Content sourceStormwater SymposiumCopyright2012Word count244