Traffic-induced Vibrations Research Articles

Assessing the Influence of RMS and VDV on Analysis of Human Perception of Vibrations in Buildings Caused by Selected Sources of Traffic

This research paper delves into the nuanced effects of traffic-induced vibrations on human comfort and perception within residential and commercial buildings. By prioritizing the influence of vehicle types—including metro trains, trams, and cars—over their speed or mass, the study presents a novel perspective on addressing vibrational comfort. Conducted in the urban context of Warsaw’s metro line construction, this investigation employs a rigorous methodology, utilizing both the Root Mean Square (RMS) and Vibration Dose Value (VDV) analytical methods to quantify vibrational impacts. The findings illuminate the distinct contributions of various transportation modes to the perceived vibrations, offering significant insights into the complex relationship between the Human Perception of Vibration Index (HPVI) and VDV values. It underscores the necessity of integrating a multifaceted consideration of vehicle type, operational dynamics, and urban infrastructure in the strategic planning and design of buildings. Such a holistic approach is essential for mitigating the adverse effects of transportation-induced vibrations, thereby enhancing the quality of life and well-being of urban inhabitants.

Protection of Buried Pipelines from High-Speed Train Vibrations with Expanded Polystyrene Geofoam

High-speed railway (HSR) lines commonly operate over hundreds of kilometers, crossing several other large-scale infrastructures, such as highways, tunnels, bridges, and pipelines. This fact makes adjacent infrastructure more vulnerable to high-speed train (HST)-induced vibrations; thus, their potential distress should be carefully examined. The current study aims to assess the level of traffic-induced vibrations on the surface of buried pipelines vertically crossing under an HSR line. Firstly, the necessity to reduce high vibration levels is highlighted, utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model in conjunction with the moving load approach. Subsequently, an efficient mitigation measure is proposed to minimize these vibrations. For this purpose, a low-weight, high-performance geosynthetic fill material, i.e., expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam blocks, has been implemented between the HSR line and the buried pipeline to minimize the impact of vibrations. In this manner, HST-induced vibrations are reflected on EPS blocks, preventing them from reaching the pipeline surface. Based on this detailed parametric study, useful conclusions are drawn regarding the mechanical properties and geometry of the EPS protection layer.

Optimization of hybrid platform for high-tech equipment and building vibration mitigation using evolutionary algorithms

In this paper, an ideal fuzzy logic control (FLC) algorithm is designed for micro vibration control of a hybrid platform which is placed on a second floor of the building subjected to traffic-induced ground vibrations. A hybrid platform is one that can be utilized to safeguard high precision equipment from vibrations caused by traffic, machinery, and natural hazards like earthquakes while it is situated with in the building structure. A fuzzy system is employed to obtain the appropriate control force of active actuators, and the fuzzy system is then optimized using four evolutionary algorithms (EAs), which are population-based metaheuristic algorithms that were inspired by the nature. A microgenetic algorithm (µ-GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolutionary algorithm (DEA), and cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) are used to optimize the FLC knowledge base and rule base. To illustrate the capabilities of the proposed method in traffic-induced vibration control of a hybrid platform, a three-degree-of freedom (3-DOF) structure along with the platform is taken into account. Finally, utilizing the Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN)-vibration criteria and the absolute velocity of hybrid platform as the objective, the efficiency of the hybrid platform microvibration control is evaluated. The simulation results obtained from these novel EAs indicated that the actively controlled platform is efficacious in reducing microvibration of high-tech equipment. Based on the results, the PSO algorithm optimized fuzzy controller outperforms the other methods in terms of velocity levels of second floor of the building and hybrid platform.

Differences in subjective responses to traffic-induced vibration and noise in buildings between Vietnamese and Japanese participants

Differences in subjective responses to traffic-induced vibration and noise in buildings between Vietnamese and Japanese participants

Experimental Investigation and In-Situ Testing of Traffic-Induced Vibrations on the Adjacent Ruins of an Ancient Cultural Sites

Background: Studying the effects of traffic vibration on adjacent structures has produced fruitful results, but there is a lack of systematic research on the protection, assessment, and ambient vibration effects on cultural relics, and the majority of the studies focus on above-ground buildings, with less research conducted on underground cultural relic sites. Objective: In order to investigate the effects of road-traffic-induced vibration on nearby underground sites, the distance between them was precisely determined. Methodology/approach: The site of Chengshang Village in Jurong City, Nanjing, China, was chosen as the research object, and the vibration of the underground site caused by traffic volume was measured on-site. Based on statistical analysis of experimental data, the vibration velocity was deduced as a function of the vehicle’s speed and the vibration source’s distance. Results: The excellent frequency band for traffic load vibration is between 0 and 40 Hz, and the attenuation speed of high-frequency vibration is faster than that of low-frequency vibration; the vibration speed is positively correlated with the speed of the vehicle, and the distance from the vibration source is exponentially attenuated; and under the condition of the determined limit value of the load and the vibration speed, the safety distance increases. Conclusions: This research utilizes the collected data to describe the relationship between the vibration velocity and the distance from the vibration source. Additionally, it estimates the appropriate distance at which cultural relics should be placed from the road to ensure their safety. The study’s findings may serve as a valuable point of reference for traffic planning and the preservation of underground cultural monuments.

A Machine Learning-Based User-Friendly Approach for Prediction of Traffic-Induced Vibrations and its Application for Parametric Study

A Machine Learning-Based User-Friendly Approach for Prediction of Traffic-Induced Vibrations and its Application for Parametric Study

A comparison of subjective responses to simultaneous traffic-induced vibration and noise in buildings between Japanese and Vietnamese participants

Vibration and noise are the major environmental problems and the main causes of many adverse effects on the living environment. Up to now, only a few studies have compared the subjective responses due to simultaneous vibration and noise in buildings induced by traffic between two different national participants. This paper investigated the subjective responses to simultaneous vibration and noise with two groups of participants: Japanese and Vietnamese who were studying in Japan. They were exposed to 31 stimuli consisting of six levels of noise and five magnitudes of vibration from conventional and high-speed Shinkansen railways, and road traffic. They were asked to rate their levels of discomfort on a seven-ordinal scale. Finally, the difference between the two groups of participants in subjective responses to combined exposures was shown.

A study on soil propagation mechanism of traffic-induced vibration based on numerical analysis and theoretical approach

In order to clarify soil propagation mechanism of traffic-induced vibration, soil surface responses excited by vertical and horizontal force focused on the frequency characteristics are examined based on numerical analyses, theory of surface wave, and field observations. Relationships between natural frequency of surface soil and frequency at which wave with large amplitude propagates at distant points are examined. In the case of two-layer soil, vertical displacement amplitude excited by vertical point force becomes the largest at twice the natural frequency at distant points. Horizontal displacement amplitude excited by horizontal point force becomes the largest at the natural frequency at distant points.

A Novel Three-Dimensional Composite Isolation Bearing and Its Application to the Mitigation of Earthquakes and Traffic-Induced Vibrations

Potential damage caused by earthquakes combined with reduced comfort due to traffic has become a big challenge when designing modern buildings, and base-isolation is one of the most effective solutions to such a problem. However, most isolation bearings cannot provide sufficient mitigation for both earthquakes and traffic-induced vibrations simultaneously. To this end, this research proposes a new type of three-dimensional isolation bearing for the mitigation of both earthquake effects and traffic-induced vibrations, which is composited by a thick rubber bearing, an auto-reset flat sliding bearing, and a double concave friction pendulum bearing. In this study, the analytical hysteresis model of the proposed isolation bearing was derived and experimentally validated. In addition, the fatigue performance and vertical compression performance of the proposed isolation bearing was tested and analyzed. Finally, the mitigation effect for traffic-induced vibrations of the proposed isolation bearing was validated through a field test.

Numerical modelling of traffic-induced dynamic loading on a two-story residential building

BackgroundThis paper presents a numerical modelling procedure of dynamic loading due to traffic on a two-story residential building. In developing countries cities and towns, poor quality narrow road sections with high traffic density are common. In such cases, ground vibration due to traffic could be higher and lightweight buildings located closer are exposed to traffic-induced dynamic loading. Design codes require a proper assessment of such vibrations. However, a clear and definite procedure of assessment is not usually provided. This research presents an assessment procedure of dynamic loading due to traffic on a soil foundation system of light weight buildings based on numerical modeling. Traffic induced ground vibration acceleration amplitudes, frequencies and durations were measured, and the dynamic loads were calculated from measured vibration accelerations and vibrating mass of the vehicle. A two-story residential building with flexible square shallow footings was modelled together with the foundation soil using PLAXIS-2D. The dynamic load was modelled as harmonic loading considering the highest amplitude of vibration measured.ResultsOn the calculation stage, static loading analysis, dynamic loading analysis and free vibration dynamic analysis were carried out. A maximum increase in extreme total displacement of the soil to 22.03 mm was observed after the dynamic loading from 18.96 mm extreme total displacement due to static loading. Extreme effective mean stress in the soil increased to 112.81 kPa from 110.5 kPa, due to the dynamic loading. In addition, a differential settlement of 3.14 mm between two adjacent footings was observed after the traffic induced ground vibration. Furthermore, the Mohr–Coulomb plastic points were observed to be concentrated to the side of the soil-foundation system which the dynamic load was acting on.ConclusionThe regular exposure to traffic-induced vibrations may cause frequent change in stress and deformation response of the foundation-soil system. In areas where lightweight buildings are exposed to regular traffic induced vibrations, proper assessment of the effect should be carried out and measures should be taken to mitigate the problem. Improving road surfaces and limiting vehicle speed are possible remedial measures to reduce ground vibrations due to traffic.

Assessment of Traffic-Induced Ground Vibrations and Effects on Masonry Monuments in Ayutthaya Historical Park, Thailand

ABSTRACT This paper presents an assessment study of traffic-induced ground vibrations and their effects on masonry-type historic structures in Ayutthaya Historical Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Thailand. The first objective is to propose a practical prediction of the attenuation rate of vibration for risk management of the monuments located along roadsides in the city. The attenuation of vibration waves traveling from traffic sources and the intensity of ground vibrations were determined by in situ vibration measurement. The results from the investigations in the Ayutthaya area were compared with those obtained from other sites having different characteristics of subsoil classified by the average shear wave velocity (Vs). It was found that the attenuation rates at a long distance from the source tend to be dependent on soil property in terms of Vs of subsoils. The attenuation curves derived from the regression analysis are proposed for risk management from the vibration of the heritage site. The second objective is to assess the effects of traffic vibrations on historic structures. The highest amplitude observed in Ayutthaya was within the recommended vibration criteria for historic buildings. In addition, finite element analysis of a 3D stupa model revealed that the stresses resulting from the ground vibration records induced by traffic was lower than the strength of ancient brick and mortar.

An analytical formulation to model geometric and resonant scattering of buried metabarriers for traffic-induced vibrations mitigation

We propose a metabarrier composed of an array of pipes equipped with resonators and develop an analytical formulation to investigate its mitigation performance on tunnel-induced ground-borne vibrations. The formulation calculates the displacement fields of the half-space by modelling the interaction between the tunnel-radiated waves and metabarrier-scattered waves. Both geometric and resonance scattering effects of the metabarrier are taken into account in the metabarrier-scattered waves. With the aid of the wave function method, multiple geometric scatterings of the pipes are considered by imposing the boundary conditions at the soil-tunnel/pipe interfaces, and multiple resonance scatterings of the resonators are computed by accounting for the interplays between the resonators. We demonstrate that the proposed approach can model the tunnel-radiated waves interacting with single-unit and multiple-unit metabarriers. Our analytical formulation can correctly capture multiple bandgaps provided by a periodically arranged metabarrier, namely the bandgaps induced by Bragg-type scattering due to the spatial periodicity of the pipes and the ones induced by resonance-type scattering due to the barrier resonators. As a result, the proposed barriers can be used to shield the broadband incident waves generated by the trains in a tunnel.

Decision tree regression algorithm-based model for prediction of traffic-induced vibrations: development and application for parametric investigation

Decision tree regression algorithm-based model for prediction of traffic-induced vibrations: development and application for parametric investigation

Self-powered weigh-in-motion system combining vibration energy harvesting and self-sensing composite pavements

Overloaded vehicles are the primary cause of accelerated degradation of road infrastructures. In this context, although weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems are most efficient to enforce weight regulations, current technologies require costly investments limiting their extensive implementation. Recent advances in multifunctional composites enabled cost-efficient alternatives in the form of smart pavements. Nevertheless, the need for a stable power supply still represents a major practical limitation. This work presents a novel proof-of-concept self-sustainable WIM technology combining smart pavements and vibration-based energy harvesting (EH). The feasibility of piezoelectric bimorph cantilevered beams to harvest traffic-induced vibrations is firstly investigated, followed by the demonstration of the proposed technology under laboratory conditions. The main original contributions of this work comprise (i) the development of a new self-powered data acquisition system, (ii) a novel approach for the fabrication and electromechanical testing of the piezoresistive composite pavement, and (iii) laboratory feasibility analysis of the developed EH unit to conduct traffic load identification through electrical resistivity measurements of the smart pavement. While the presented results conclude the need for dense EH networks or combinations of different EH technologies to attain complete self-sustainability, this work represents an initial feasibility evidence paving the way towards the development of self-powered low-cost WIM systems.

Pointwise multiclass vibration classification for cable-supported bridges using a signal-segmentation deep network

Long-span bridges are inherently vulnerable to vibration, which could result in serviceability failure. Many design codes typically apply a one-size-fits-all approach with predefined thresholds for determining the occurrence of excessive vibration, but these often fail to work properly due to complex vibration patterns. Assessments that are based on vibration type could provide a more accurate assessment. To this end, this study proposes a deep-learning-based framework for the pointwise multiclass vibration classification of long-span bridges. Two abnormal vibration classes are considered here: vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and traffic-induced vibration (TIV). The proposed framework employs a Fourier Synchrosqueezed Transform (FSST) to accomplish time–frequency estimation, a Bidirectional Long-Short-Term-Memory (Bi-LSTM) model for network training, and a median filter for post-processing. In this study, field-monitored wind and weigh-in-motion data from a case study of the Jindo Bridge in South Korea was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the developed framework. The results show that the trained network classified TIVs and VIVs sample-by-sample with an accuracy of 94.35 %. In addition to significant VIVs, the network also successfully detected limited vibrations, which allowed it to outperform statistic-based approaches.

Analysis of Traffic-Induced Ground Vibration in Highway Viaducts

Bu çalışmada, deprem nedeniyle hasar oluşma tehlikesi bulunan yapılar üzerinde oluşabilecek titreşim kaynaklı zararların belirlenebilmesi amacıyla mikrotremor ölçümleri alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, hem karayolu hem de hafif raylı sistem trafiğinin yoğun olduğu İzmir İli, Bornova İlçesinde bulunan Bornova viyadüğü boyunca viyadük ayaklarında 13 farklı noktada ölçümler alınmıştır. Veriler, trafiğin yoğun olduğu gündüz saatlerinde ve sakin olduğu gece saatlerinde iki kez kaydedilmiştir. Alınan ölçümler değerlendirilerek, trafik kaynaklı titreşimlerin hem frekans spektrumu hem de H/V yöntemi ile gündüz ve gece ölçümleri arasındaki farklar incelenmiştir. Viyadükle aynı zemin özelliklerine sahip olan Ege Üniversitesi Merkez Yerleşkesi içinde çeşitli noktalarda alınan mikrotremor ölçümleri kullanılarak, zemin etkisi giderilmiş ve sadece yapının etkisi ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca belirlenen baskın frekansların çevre binalar üzerindeki olası etkisi de belirlenmiştir. Trafiğin yoğun olması ve bölgede bulunan metro hattının aktif olması nedeniyle gündüz ölçümlerinden elde edilen frekansların, gece ölçümlerinden elde edilen frekanslara göre daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Prediction of Traffic Vibration Environment of Ancient Wooden Structures Based on the Response Transfer Ratio Function.

Traffic-induced vibration is increasingly affecting people's lives, which necessitates scrutiny of the environmental vibrations caused by traffic. This paper proposed a vibration prediction method suitable for the ancient wooden structures subjected to traffic-induced vibrations based on the multi-point response transfer ratio function. The accuracy of the proposed approach was also checked by comparing the predicted results with the measured results in the context of both the time domain and frequency domain. Subsequently, the environmental vibrations due to heavy-duty trucks passing at various speeds were measured, and the measurements were utilized as the input vibration excitation to assess the structural vibration of the Feiyun Pavilion. The structural safety was evaluated according to the "Technical specifications for protecting historic buildings against man-made vibration". In order to meet the structural safety requirements of the Feiyun Pavilion, it is strongly recommended to limit the type and speed of vehicles in the nearby area.

Dynamic Response Identification of a Triple-Single Bailey Bridge Based on Vehicle Traffic-Induced Vibration Analysis

Even though prefabricated steel Bailey bridges have been used for more than 80 years, limited studies of their structural features have been conducted, most of which do not consider their response in operational conditions. This study aimed at determining the modal parameters of a 30.48 m length Triple-Single (TS) Bailey bridge based on traffic-induced vibrations and comparing them with numerical results. Low-cost improvised accelerometers recorded and logged the actual response time histories, while a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model was developed to carry out the relevant dynamic analyses. The identification of modal parameters was based on the Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) process and the Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD) method. Numerical analysis results are in accordance with the operational dynamic response of the Triple -Single Bailey bridge, confirming that the numerical model can effectively be used for extended dynamic analysis. In addition, the analysis of raw time histories through the OMA process indicates that the response is affected by the connections’ condition, in particular, the eventual looseness of bolts and pins. At least five eigenfrequencies were estimated and matched with relevant mode shapes.

Utjecaj vibracija uzrokovanih željezničkim prometom na građevine i ljude u urbanim područjima

Railway traffic is a significant source of vibration that can affect the quality of life of people living near busy railways. This study proposes an integrated methodology for analysing the impact of vibrations from railway traffic on people and nearby buildings and measures for reducing their effects. The research includes both in-situ measurements and numerical modelling of railway traffic-induced vibrations. The proposed integrated methodological approach is implemented on a section of the active Kumanovo–Deljadrovci railway line in North Macedonia. The knowledge gained through this research is intended to provide a good basis for defining national standards for this increasingly relevant issue.

Response of Little Hagia Sophia (Church of SS Sergius and Bacchus) to adjacent Train-induced Vibrations

Cultural heritage structures have recently faced the adverse impacts of traffic-induced vibrations more frequently than ever due to rapid and excessive urbanization. Closeness of Little Hagia Sophia Mosque to the intense traffic of an adjacent railway line in İstanbul made it vulnerable to the long-term and repetitive action of ground vibrations. To understand the structural response of this Byzantine edifice, an extensive vibration measurement program was conducted on and around the structure. After the construction material properties were determined, a numerical model of the structure was created and modal, self-weight and time history analyses were applied. It was observed that the maximum stresses reach approximately 45% of the tensile strength of the construction materials at certain locations. Cyclic loading of traffic-induced vibrations can be a significant contributing factor in the gradual material deterioration along with other environmental factors. Furthermore, measured peak particle velocity at the gallery level of the structure critically exceeded the limit of 2.5mm/s for historic or sensitive structures.