Traffic Accidents In Children Research Articles

Prevalence and Outcomes of Road Traffic Accidents in Children, Southwest, Ethiopia

Prevalence and Outcomes of Road Traffic Accidents in Children, Southwest, Ethiopia

Traffic Accidents in Children and Adolescents: A Complex Orthopedic and Medico-Legal Approach.

Traffic accidents involving children and adolescents present complex challenges from both the medico-legal and orthopedic standpoints. Despite the implementation of road traffic safety laws, pediatric road traffic injuries continue to be a significant contributor to mortality rates, physical harm, and hospitalization on a global scale. For children and young people, automobile accidents are considered to be the primary culprit of mortality in developed nations. Even in highly developed nations, trauma is a significant factor in infant mortality. Each age category, from childhood to young adulthood, has its fracture patterns, as their skeletons are considerably different from those of adults. The consequences of traffic accidents extend beyond the immediate physical trauma. The medico-legal aspects surrounding these incidents add another layer of complexity, as legal repercussions may affect the responsible adult or parent, particularly in cases involving child fatalities. To effectively address traffic accidents in children and adolescents, a comprehensive approach is necessary. This approach should involve not only medical professionals but also legal experts and policymakers. Collaboration between orthopedic specialists, medico-legal professionals, law enforcement agencies, and relevant government bodies can facilitate the development and implementation of strategies aimed at prevention, education, the enforcement of traffic laws, and improved infrastructure. By addressing both the medical and legal aspects, it is possible to enhance road safety for children and adolescents, reducing the incidence of injuries and their associated long-term consequences. In this review, we aimed to summarize traffic accidents in children and adolescents from a complex orthopedic and medico-legal approach.

어린이보호구역 교통안전 시설물 사례 분석 연구

Despite improvements in the Traffic Law and the Child Safety Protection Law in child protection zones, traffic accidents in children are continuously increasing and decreasing. In response to this problem, this study was conducted to analyze the improved characteristics of public facilities installed in children's protected areas, and to provide a method for deriving traffic safety facility types that reflect children's behavior types. For this study, we theoretically examined the affordance theory for user behavior types and the designation guidelines and regulations for child protection zones to understand children's behavior. In addition, we will draw the relationship between Harson's four affordance types and children's protection zone facilities, implement child behavior support traffic safety facilities, and analyze the child behavior type elements through examples of six public safety facilities in Korea. Therefore, in this study, when looking at traffic safety facilities from a user's point of view in a child protection area, each facility was divided into physical, sensory, cognitive, and functional affordance types, which are Harson's affordance perspectives. Through extended research, we hope that concrete application and various utilization measures of behavior types will be proposed and improved. In order to reduce the traffic accident rate of children, it is hoped that design research that can induce more action and induce action will continue to be actively carried out, rather than just supporting behavior, which is a safety point of view for children.

Retrospective analysis of pediatric road traffic accidents admitted to the emergency department of a university hospital

Aim: Road traffic accidents are common in our country, but there are not many scientific studies related to childhood road traffic accidents. We aimed to report the frequency of road traffic accidents in children, the demographic characteristics of the patients, the physical effects of accidents on children and their results.Material and Methods: Study data were obtained by retrospective screening of the files of pediatric cases presenting to our emergency department because of road traffic accident between September 2017-2018. The cases were evaluated in terms of age, gender, type of accidents, type of injury, radiologic imaging rates, hospitalization and mortality rates.Results: 377 cases were reviewed. 136 (36.1%) patients were female and 241 (63.9%) were male. 36.9% (n=139) of the admissions were in summer. According to the occurrence of accidents, in-vehicle traffic accidents constituted 61.8% (n=233) of the cases. Among isolated injuries the most common site of injury was head and neck region (n=120, 31.8%). In 81.4% (n=307) of the cases tomography, in 72.1% (n = 273) of cases X-ray, in 25.7% (n=96) of cases ultrasound were requested. 270 (72.2%) patients were discharged from the emergency department with the diagnosis of soft tissue trauma. 58 (15.4%) patients were hospitalized in the respective clinics and 43 (11.4%) patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit. It was detected that 8 patients (2.1%) died, 4 of them occurred in the emergency department. Conclusion: Pediatric road traffic accidents mostly occur in the summer and most of them are in-vehicle accidents. Boys are more exposed to road traffic accidents. Injuries in traffic accidents mostly locate in the head and neck regions followed by extremities. It was found that tomographic imaging was overused in our study. New strategies should be developed to reduce tomography overuse.

Prevention of traffic accidents in children

Prevention of traffic accidents in children

Road traffic accidents in children: the 'what', 'how' and 'why'.

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) in Singapore involving children were evaluated, with particular focus on the epidemiology, surrounding circumstances and outcomes of these accidents. Key factors associated with worse prognosis were identified. We proposed some measures that may be implemented to reduce the frequency and severity of such accidents. This was a retrospective study of RTAs involving children aged 0-16 years who presented to the Children's Emergency at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, from January 2011 to June 2014. Data was obtained from the National Trauma Registry and analysed in tiers based on the Injury Severity Score (ISS). A total of 1,243 accidents were reviewed. RTA victims included motor vehicle passengers (60.4%), pedestrians (28.5%), cyclists (9.9%) and motorcycle pillion riders (1.2%). The disposition of emergency department (ED) patients was consistent with RTA severity. For serious RTAs, pedestrians accounted for 63.6% and 57.7% of Tier 1 (ISS > 15) and Tier 2 (ISS 9-15) presentations, respectively. Overall use of restraints was worryingly low (36.7%). Not restraining increased the risk of serious RTAs by 8.4 times. Young age, high ISS and low Glasgow Coma Scale score predicted a longer duration of intensive care unit stay. The importance of restraints for motor vehicle passengers or helmets for motorcycle pillion riders and cyclists in reducing morbidity requires emphasis. Suggestions for future prevention and intervention include road safety education, regulation of protective restraints, use of speed enforcement devices and creation of transport policies that minimise kerbside parking.

Risk of road traffic accidents in children

Risk of road traffic accidents in children

Environmental risk factors contributing to traffic accidents in children: a case-control study

The aim of this study is to identify environmental risk factors related to road accidents in children of Tehran. This case-control study was performed in 2013. The cases were injured pedestrians aged 5–15 who were admitted to major hospitals supervised by Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The sample size for the cases was 273 and for the control group was 546. For the completeness of the clusters, 7 extra persons in case (total = 280) and 14 persons (total = 560) in control group were included. The interference of confounding variables assessed through forward conditional logistic regression. Result shows occurrence of traffic accidents was significantly associate with the width of the alleys or (<5 m: OR = 8.4, 95% CI: 3.3–21.5; 5–8 m: OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 1.8–12.2), distance from home to school((<100 m: OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0–2.8), existence of parking lot (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0–2.3), traffic congestion (OR = 4.1, 95% CI: 2.6–6.4), traffic speed (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3–3.2) and existence of pedestrian bridges(OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.6–6.8). In the light of the important role of environmental factors in the occurrence of child traffic accidents, alleviating structural risk factors in addition to education and enforcement need more systematic efforts and planning by policymakers and urban planners to attain pedestrian safety goals.

Road traffic deaths in children under the age of five in Colombia, 2005-2009

Road traffic deaths have increased during the past years worldwide. During 2007, the mortality due to road traffic accidents in children under the age of five was 11.7 per 100,000 in Colombia. To describe the trend of road traffic deaths in children under the age of five in Colombia from 2005 to 2009. We conducted a cross - sectional study of death certificates in children under the age of five as registered in the official vital statistics records from 2005 to 2009 (ICD-10, codes V000-V999). We made a descriptive analysis, calculated mortality rates based on projections by the National Administrative Statistics Department and we established risk levels by provinces and municipalities (percentiles), as well as by conglomerates using Excel ® , PASW statistics18 ® and EpiInfo ® for the maps. All in all, 713 road traffic deaths occurred from 2005 to 2009 in children under the age of five corresponding to 0.8% of total deaths in that age group. The total number of road traffic deaths decreased from 2005 (159 deaths) to 2009 (136 deaths). The mean national death rate due to road traffic accidents was 3.3 per 100,000 with a higher rate among one to four year-old children (3.5/100,000) compared to children under the age of one (2.6/100,000). The highest prevalence of road traffic deaths was observed in January (9.7%) and July (10.6%). The provinces with the highest road traffic death rate were Meta, Boyacá, Arauca, Norte de Santander and Cundinamarca. Children were the group mostly affected by the event, which increased during school holidays and was more pronounced in tourist and commercial areas.

Epidemiological study on trauma caused by traffic accidents in children under 8 years

1 MA in Human Resources Management, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. 2 MSc in Physiology, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 3 Associate Professor of Preventive and Social Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Rasht, Iran. 4 MSc of Nursing, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Rasht, Iran. Background: Trauma is the most common cause of death in children. Road traffic injuries account for a significant percentage of trauma cases in children and it is a cause of disability. Objective: An epidemiological study of factors associated with trauma caused by traffic accidents in children under 8 years of age who were hospitalized in Rasht Poursina Hospital was sought. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study, the medical records of 170 children under 8 years of age affected by traffic accidents that were admitted to Rasht Poursina Hospital were reviewed. Information on age, gender, time of accident, location of accident, type of road, the injured situation, the vehicle carrying the injured child, the use of safety equipment, site of injury, and the clinical outcomes were collected from a checklist and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 170 children affected by traffic accidents and the demographic factors were 57.1% male and 42.9% female with a mean age 4.8 ± 5. Most crashes occurred out of town (38.2%), on a main street (54.7%), and in the evening (52.7%). Most were pedestrians (47.6%) and passengers (33.5%). A total of 26.9% of children were in the back seat. Of passengers, 17.8%, 8.9%, and 2.2% used a seatbelt, a crash helmet, and a child seat, respectively; and 71.1% did not use any safety devices. A total of 41.4% of patients were transported by EMS. In terms of anatomical location, head and neck (58.8%), and lower extremities (48.2%) were the most common sites of injury, respectively. With regard to the fact that the trauma mortality rate was 3%, in most cases (53.3%), accident victims were discharged from the hospital with complete recovery. Conclusion: The results showed that pedestrians were the most vulnerable group and most children had injuries of the head and neck that can leave them with permanent complications. Therefore, focusing on road safety for this particular population group seems necessary.

Maxillofacial injuries among Brazilian children and adolescents victims of traffic accidents

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of morbidity due to traffic accidents in children and adolescents and its relationship with maxillofacial injuries in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 533 forensic reports of individuals aged 0-19 years, victims of external causes in Campina Grande, Brazil, in 2013. Data were collected through a form containing variables sex, age, day of week, time, type of traffic accident, injured body region, presence of fractures, maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Prevalence ratios and confidence intervals at 95% were estimated with the chi-square test. RESULTS: There was predominance of males (75.0%) aged 15-19 years (65.0%), with association between sex and occurrence of traffic accidents (p &lt;0.001). The afternoon shift recorded 36.7% of cases of accidents involving motorcyclists (55.0%). In 25.0% of cases, there were injuries on the head and 26.7% on the face. Head and face injuries were observed in 10.0% of patients, while maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries were present in 21.7% and 6.7%, respectively. There was an association between occurrence of accident and face injuries (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Traffic accidents affect mostly young male individuals, causing multiple injuries in different body areas, including maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries.

3차원 동작인식기술을 적용한 어린이 교통안전교육 체감형 기능성 게임디자인 연구

일상생활을 살아나가면서 발생하는 안전사고 중에 어린이에게 가장 위협적인 사고는 보행 중 발생하는 교통사고이다. 사고발생 후의 대책이나 처리보다 사고를 미연에 방지하기 위해 어린이 스스로 몸을 유지할 수 있는 안전에 대한 바른 습관 및 태도를 형성시켜주는 교통안전 교육이 강조되야 한다. 본 논문에서는 기능성게임으로서 교통안전교육을 가장 효율적으로 학습할 수 있는 방안의 하나로 어린이의 몸을 활용해 교통안전 준수체험 교육훈련을 할 수 있는 체감형 교통안전교육게임을 설계해보고 3차원 동작인식기술을 다양한 기능성게임에 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how three-dimensional gesture recognition technology, in children's traffic safety programs, can be an effective solution for instructing children in the safest ways to interact with traffic. In terms of traffic accidents, walking unaccompanied is the most dangerous traffic related activity for children. By using a three-dimensional serous game training program that implements gesture recognition, more accurate real life scenarios can be implemented in existing children's traffic training programs. The implementation of this technology will increase the possibility of changing the habits and attitudes of children, which in turn will lower the amount of walking related traffic accidents in children.

Comparative Analysis of the Pattern of Severe Injury Due to Road Traffic Accidents in Children

Objective: to study stepwise differences in the severity and pattern of severe traumatic injuries due to road traffic accidents in patients during the qualified and specialized stages of medical care in the age groups of 1 month to 18 years in the Rostov Region. Material and methods. The 2004—2009 case reports were used to make a retrospective comparative assessment of the condition of victims with severe road traffic injury at care stages in 2 groups: 1) one-month- to 18-year-old children who had been primarily admitted to the qualified-stage intensive care units (n=61); 2) one-month-to 18-year-old patients from the intensive care unit of the Regional Children&#8217;s Hospital, referred from the qualified-stage intensive care units (n=133). Results. The number of specialized-stage children in grave and extremely extensive grave condition at the specialized stage was 14.7% more than that at the qualified stage (100 and 85.3%, espectively). Concomitant injury was encountered more frequently (by 13%) in the specialized-stage patients (73.7 and 60.7%, respectively). The severity of road traffic injury was determined mainly by brain injuries at the qualified irnd specialized stages (96.7 and 96.1%), by skeletal injuries (11.6% more frequently) and thoracic ones (9.8% more frequently) at the specialized stage. The prevalence of abdominal injuries at the qualified stage was 9.8% higher. The pattern of brain injury in the specialized-stage patients showed a preponderance of brain contusion and epidural hematomas by 18.5 and 6.5%, respectively. Conclusion. Severe thoracic and brain injuries (craniocerebral injuries, brain contusion, and intracranial hematomas) are an indication for patient referral to the specialized care stage in order to perform high-technological diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Key words: children, road traffic accidents, severe injury, medical care stages.

Analysis of traffic accidents in children

Violent health damages of different origin (accidents, murders, suicides) in children and youth are one of the main causes of death and disabilities in this group of population in most countries. Objective of our paper was to analyze all related factors of traffic accidents involving children and to propose adequate measures of their prevention. The analysis of fatal traffic accidents of children and youth aged to 18 years on the territory of Belgrade, within the period from 1998 to 2002. In relation to other forms of violent death, the traffic mortality rate in children and youth holds the leading position, accounting for 56.9% with pedestrians as the most frequent category (57.4%). The most frequent age was between 7 and 9 years (46.8%) and the boys were more frequently injured than the girls. It was established that the majority of children (51.9%) was either running across the street outside the pedestrian/ zebra crossings or they were carelessly running out in the street, especially in April, July, August and September. More than a half of them (55.5%), predominantly school children, were injured by the end of working week, on Thursday and Friday. Results of our research have shown that the traffic education of children in our region is inadequate. Due to the abovementioned, it is primarily necessary to establish long-term and permanent education of this category of population. In addition, some public investments in the City infrastructure will be required in order to reduce the risk of traffic injuries in children.

Injury control strategies: extending the quality and quantity of data relating to road traffic accidents in children.

This review describes how an extended database of information can provide the opportunity to go beyond the traditionally distinct health, engineering, and education initiatives in order to identify the effectiveness...

Psychological consequences of road traffic accidents in children.

Questionnaire information about possible psychological changes in the months following their accident was obtained for 45 school age children who had attended an Accident and Emergency Department because of their involvement in road traffic accidents. Central nervous system involvement was rare in this group. Short-term psychological consequences were common, but even after 4-7 months 33% were considered by their parents to still have a moderate reaction and a further 11% were considered to be severely affected. The children had high levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms, particularly avoidance in over 50%. Travel anxiety was described in 39%, 23% were depressed and 14% highly anxious--features which were considered by parents to have appeared following the accident, often with increasing disturbance over time. Other apparent repercussions were nightmares and other sleep difficulties in 17%, accident related fears, irritability, anger and emotionally regressed behaviour. As head injury was very uncommon in this series, such psychological consequences were attributable to non-neurological factors. Parents had become more protective of their children and placed greater restrictions on their travel, causing conflict. Younger children, those who had not fully recovered from their accident injuries, and children who also had a parent involved in the same accident, were most at risk. Greater awareness of these psychological consequences of road traffic accidents is required on the part of parents and professionals. Prospective studies are also needed to delineate more precisely those at greatest risk and to assess the effectiveness of treatment approaches.

Preventing road traffic accidents in children: have paediatricians a part to play?

Road traffic accidents (RTA’s) are a major cause of death in children over 1 year of age, accounting for 16% of all deaths in the age group 1-14 years. Half of the 707 childhood accidental deaths (354) which occurred in England and Wales in 1989 were due to an RTA which killed as many children as all cancers combined. ’ treatment of any injuries sustained in the accident, in order to promote complete recovery with minimal disability. The aim of this review is to discuss primary and secondary prevention. However, it is important to remember that paediatricians also have a part to play in ensuring that injured children receive optimal medical care. ’

Traffic accidents in children

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care: January 1978 - Volume 18 - Issue 1 - p 78