This study aims to identify and analyze moral inversion and apocalyptic violence in W.B. Yeats’s “The Second Coming.” A qualitative documentary research design was employed to accomplish this study. Major poetic excerpts which reflected the moral inversion and apocalyptic violence in the poem were the sources of primary data, whereas relevant books and peer-reviewed journal articles were utilized as the sources of qualitative secondary data. Thematic analysis was applied to interpret the primary data. The findings indicate that Yeats’s “The Second Coming” functions as a powerful metaphor for moral inversion and apocalyptic violence. It reflects the persistent erosion of ethical and democratic values. The poem reveals that the “lack of conviction” among the virtuous is not merely a historical condition but a recurring phenomenon that continues to shape periods of social and political crisis. The analysis reveals that Yeats portrays a world where traditional virtues are systematically replaced by predatory chaos. This article highlights the enduring relevance of Yeatsian prophecy in understanding contemporary global crises.

<p>This study examines how women farmers in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, mobilize cultural and ecological resources to challenge palace-based land authority. The conflict arises when the Yogyakarta Sultanate, legally empowered to govern land outside Indonesia’s Agrarian Basic Law (UUPA), grants mining concessions over coastal areas long cultivated by peasant communities. While previous studies on environmental conflict in Indonesia have focused on corporate–community disputes, this research reveals an internal hierarchy: a struggle between subaltern agrarian groups and a constitutionally protected monarchy. Drawing on ecofeminist theory and Javanese cultural analysis, the study explores how women reinterpret traditional virtues such as <em>sabar</em> (patience), <em>nrimo </em>(acceptance), and <em>alus</em> (refinement) from passive moral codes into active forms of political resistance. Ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and cultural-text analysis demonstrate that women’s everyday farming, rituals, and narratives embody a performative ecofeminism rooted in local moral economies. Their actions reframe environmental stewardship as both cultural preservation and political defiance. The research contributes a new analytical lens to political ecology by shifting the focus from “community versus corporation” to “subaltern versus local elite,” and by situating ecofeminist agency within a patriarchal–monarchical order. In doing so, it exposes how gender, culture, and ecology intertwine in rural Indonesia’s most symbolically “special” province. The study, thus, illuminates women’s crucial yet overlooked role in transforming feudal power into spaces of ecological justice and collective self-determination.</p>

ABSTRACT In recent times, humans have abandoned aspects of the ancient wisdom that has sustained us for thousands of years. Frugality, a traditional virtue of the Chinese people, is a proactive choice grounded in moral reasoning. Frugality represents the unity of ‘restraint in desire’ and ‘moderation in use’; both are best understood as lived expressions of phronesis (practical wisdom), a culturally embedded, teachable orientation that integrates ethical reasoning with context-sensitive judgement. In educating children, ‘proactive frugality’ manifests primarily as ‘valuing objects’, demonstrating distinct advantages in values education, moral habit formation, moral willpower training and ethical education. Passing on this educational wisdom can provide culturally rooted Chinese insights to address educational challenges arising from a consumer society. Given rapid increases in the demands that humans are placing on the natural world, a recovery of the practice of frugality would also help usher in a more sustainable society.

Abstract: This paper critically examines the social justice aphorism “impact over intent” through the lens of moral philosophy, with specific attention to its implications for music education discourse. As an expression that has increasingly gained traction in music education, “impact over intent” challenges individuals to prioritize the external effects of their actions over the internal motivations that drive them. This raises a fundamental moral question: should ethics be rooted in outcomes or motivations? I explore the aphorism through various moral frameworks—including utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, and care ethics—highlighting their interpretations and constraints in addressing the relationship between outcomes and motives. Recognizing the limitations of traditional moral theories, which tend to adopt atomistic, agent-centered approaches, I engage José Medina’s structural approach to virtue ethics, which integrates traditional virtue ethics with anticolonial, antiracist, and feminist epistemologies. Medina emphasizes correcting the meta-level motivations that sustain active ignorance, advocating for meta-lucidity—a structural motivation to develop critical consciousness toward the historical and socio-political dimensions of injustice. Meta-lucidity reframes the “impact vs. intent” debate by addressing the structural motivations that perpetuate harm. By situating “impact over intent” across various ethical frameworks, I highlight the importance of connecting moral philosophy to social justice efforts in music education.

ABSTRACT This paper explores how respect is interpreted and integrated into early childhood education curricula in China and Aotearoa New Zealand, through a comparative analysis of the Early Learning and Development Guidelinesearly childhood curricula and Te Whāriki: He whāriki mātauranga mō ngā mokopuna o Aotearoa Early childhood curriculum (Te Whāriki). Using a social constructionist lens, respect is conceptualised as contextually situated curricular construction. In China’s ELDG, respect is framed as a traditional moral virtue while also foregrounding children’s individuality, autonomy, and opportunities to have a voice. By contrast, Te Whāriki embeds respect within reciprocal relationships with people, places, and communities, underpinned by a synthesis of socio-cultural theories, Māori theory and Pasifika approaches. Rather than treating the two curriculumframeworks as binary opposites, the analysis highlights sharedground and culturally specific emphases shaped by distinctcontexts. The findings inform a culturally responsive understandingof respectful pedagogy and children’s rights in early childhoodeducation.

Purpose: The purpose of this research case study is to argue that the structured path of devotion and virtues outlined in the Twelfth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita provide a universal framework for cultivating ethical individuals. It aims to demonstrate how this framework serves as a powerful tool for addressing modern societal challenges such as polarization and ethical apathy. Ultimately, the study seeks to guide the development of a conscious, compassionate, and harmonious global society through the analysis of these timeless spiritual principles. Methodology: This qualitative exploratory research utilizes data gathered from a variety of credible sources, such as specialized websites, Google Scholar, and insights from AI-driven GPTs. The collected information is examined through structured analysis frameworks—specifically SWOC and ABCD—to align with the core objectives of the study. By integrating these traditional and modern inquiry methods, the paper ensures a comprehensive evaluation of the Bhakti Yoga framework. Results/Analysis: The results and analysis of this case study demonstrate that the Twelfth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita establishes a stable foundation for both personal mental resilience and proactive communal harmony. Through strategic SWOC and ABCD methodologies, the research highlights that the Bhakti Yoga framework offers vast opportunities for integration into modern leadership, education, and global policy despite contemporary challenges like materialism. Ultimately, the analysis positions the "Ideal Citizen" as a socially integrated agent whose ego-free actions for universal welfare provide a vital counter-narrative to modern ethical apathy and societal polarization. Originality/Value: This research case study provides original value by synthesizing ancient spiritual principles from the Twelfth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita with modern strategic analysis frameworks like SWOC and ABCD. It offers a unique, evidence-based roadmap for character education and global citizenship, demonstrating how traditional virtue ethics can be practically re-contextualized to foster social harmony in a contemporary, globalized society. Type of Paper: Qualitative Exploratory Research Analysis.

The article studies the ideology of Phan Chau Trinh - a representative historical figure in Vietnam at the beginning of the 20th century, with progressive views on ethical reform and national cultural revitalization at that time. Based on an analysis of the core concepts of Phan Chau Trinh's ethical ideology, this article explores the application of these ideas in the current moral education context in Vietnam. Grounded in the theoretical framework of American philosopher Martha C. Nussbaum, this article employs a combination of historical-logical analysis, comparative study, synthesis, and practical investigation. The results form the fundamental directions for moral education in Vietnam, which are comprehensive human training with traditional virtues while open to the moral wisdom of humanity at large; and promoting democratic spirit and critical thinking through liberal education. Given the current status of lifestyle and ideals of young Vietnamese, the article affirms the relevance of Phan Chau Trinh’s ideology as a foundation for ethical pedagogy. Its application holds significant potential for improving educational efficiency and training a new generation of citizens equipped to thrive in a globalized world.

Labor education serves as an essential pathway for student development, offering comprehensive educational values in cultivating moral integrity, enhancing intellectual growth, strengthening physical fitness, and nurturing aesthetic appreciation. Using traditional poetry, a cultural gene of the Chinese nation, as a medium, students can not only expand their labor knowledge and practical skills but also gain insights into traditional virtues and strengthen cultural confidence. This paper attempts to explore innovative approaches to integrating Chinese poetry education with primary school labor education. Through in-depth analysis of current labor practices in primary schools and the innovative value of these integration pathways, the study provides innovative ideas and methods for primary school labor education. The goal is to help students deepen cultural literacy through hands-on experiences, use culture as nourishment to improve their labor literacy, and achieve the educational objective of holistic development.

Abstract A recent strand of literature argues that the importance of epistemic virtues is overstated and that knowledge generation and transmission benefit from traits that can be characterised as epistemic vices. This goes against the stance of the research integrity literature, which takes it as given that epistemic vices are bad and should be combated. Arguments ‘in defence of vice’ utilise qualitative, historical cases of epistemic vice that contributed to desirable scientific outcomes or knowledge transmission, and formal models of scientific research in which virtues can be harmful and vices beneficial. A typical stance is that negative effects of individual-level vices will be addressed at the level of the scientific or research community. I argue that singular case studies and highly stylised formal models only demonstrate possibility results with no established relation to the actual dynamics of research or even to the universe of possible models. While historical evidence does serve as a counterexample to the claim that epistemic virtues are always beneficial and epistemic vices are always harmful, that extreme stance is not needed to endorse epistemic virtues and integrity. The harms of basic epistemic vices to the modern research enterprise are evident from considering their implications for components of the research process such as peer review. While economics is the inspiration for many formal modelling exercises, the literature neglects economic literature on market failures, the importance of social norms, and trust. Recent contributions have not provided an adequate basis for treating research integrity and traditional epistemic virtues as anything less than fundamental to the process of inquiry and knowledge generation.

Abstract Scientists do not merely choose to accept fully formed theories, they also have to decide which models to work on before they are fully developed and tested. Since decisive empirical evidence in favour of a model will not yet have been gathered, other criteria must play determining roles. I examine the case of modern high-energy physics where the experimental context that once favoured the pursuit of beautiful, simple, and general theories now favours the pursuit of models that are ad hoc, narrow in scope, and complex; in short, ugly models. The lack of new discoveries since the Higgs boson, together with the lack of a new higher energy collider, has left searches for new physics conceptually and empirically wide open. Physicists must make use of the experiment at hand while also creatively exploring alternatives that have not yet been explored. This encourages the pursuit of models that have at least one of two key features: i) they take radically novel approaches, or ii) are easily testable. I present four cases, neutralino dark matter, the relaxion, repulsive gravity, and models of lepton flavour universality violation, and show that even if they do not exhibit traditional epistemic virtues, they are nonetheless pursuitworthy. I argue that experimental context strongly determines pursuitworthiness and I lay out the conditions under which experiment encourages the pursuit of ugly models.

Abstract Managers of for-profit corporations are required to seek profits, which entails organizing the corporation’s activities for the sake of realizing a profit. This prioritization of profit-seeking seems to invert the proper ordering of ends, thus undermining the possibility of managing the for-profit corporation with virtue. This article argues that such a threat can be avoided without jettisoning the traditional virtue ethics framework by envisioning profit-seeking as a practice that aims at engaging in a collective deliberation with market participants to promote an improvement in the way we allocate resources in society.

Promoting intellectual humility is a traditional virtue espoused in higher education institutions, but very little research has been conducted to identify specific teacher–student interactions associated with it. In this article, we develop a framework for supporting intellectual humility through learning opportunities and quality interactions. In a large sample of students (n = 923) at a diverse West Coast public university, students were asked to rate their own and their teachers’ intellectual humility across multiple courses. Higher student intellectual humility related to higher perceived teacher expectations, more frequent feedback and examinations (but not to reading assignments) that were perceived to be useful for learning. Higher teacher intellectual humility was associated with more frequent feedback, examinations and readings, but not higher teacher expectations. We use these data to develop the hypothesis that learning opportunities that challenge pre-existing student perceptions are associated with the intellectual humility development in the classroom.

The moral education in the Family and Inheritance Law course faces issues such as fragmentation, rigidity, monotonous teaching methods, and a single evaluation model. Good family traditions, as an important carrier of traditional Chinese virtues, possess significant moral and educational value. Their connotations are closely related to the knowledge system of the Family and Inheritance Law course, making the integration of good family traditions into the course feasible. In terms of integration paths, the first step is to identify the connections between good family traditions and the knowledge of Family and Inheritance Law, and then adjust the teaching plan accordingly, using good family traditions as a guiding thread. Secondly, teaching methods should be updated by employing a variety of approaches, such as case-based teaching and topic-based teaching, while emphasizing process evaluation to promote the organic integration of good family traditions with the Family and Inheritance Law course.

Unlike epic genres such as martial arts and fantasy, farming novels have become popular for their realistic depictions of everyday life. This study explores the folk meanings embedded in Chinese online farming novels, with an emphasis on their narrative structure, central motifs, and cultural values. Through motif analysis, this paper identifies two core themes: getting rich and finding love. Typically, narratives feature ordinary female protagonists overcoming hard-ships through wisdom and diligence to achieve happiness and prosperity. Labor and culinary themes play crucial roles, highlighting traditional virtues such as diligence and simplicity, while providing emotional comfort and psychological relief. Farming novels consistently follow a stable narrative pattern, offering emotional catharsis and moral reassurance by contrasting rural tranquility with modern urban pressures. Ultimately, farming novels reflect a shift toward real-istic, grassroots storytelling in Chinese online fiction, resonating with contem-porary desires for everyday success and domestic contentment. The study con-cludes by proposing avenues for innovating narrative motifs to sustain the gen-re’s appeal and relevance.

This study explores the implementation of religious moderation within Chinese Muslim MSMEs in Jakarta. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews with three purposively selected Chinese Muslim entrepreneurs. Unlike prior studies, this research applies the framework of religious moderation to analyze Islamic business ethics in harmony with local cultural values. The findings reveal that Chinese Muslim MSMEs effectively integrate Islamic principles with traditional Chinese virtues, such as birr al-wālidayn and xiao, emphasizing filial piety as foundational ethical values. These values shape business practices that are fair, humane, and socially responsible. The study demonstrates that religious moderation can be expressed through daily business conduct, fostering tolerance, respect, and cross-cultural understanding. The integration of Islamic teachings and Chinese traditions offers a model for inclusive and sustainable business environments. Ultimately, this research contributes to broader efforts in promoting religious moderation and multicultural coexistence in economic practices.

This study explores the implementation of religious moderation within Chinese Muslim MSMEs in Jakarta. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews with three purposively selected Chinese Muslim entrepreneurs. Unlike prior studies, this research applies the framework of religious moderation to analyze Islamic business ethics in harmony with local cultural values. The findings reveal that Chinese Muslim MSMEs effectively integrate Islamic principles with traditional Chinese virtues, such as birr al-wālidayn and xiao, emphasizing filial piety as foundational ethical values. These values shape business practices that are fair, humane, and socially responsible. The study demonstrates that religious moderation can be expressed through daily business conduct, fostering tolerance, respect, and cross-cultural understanding. The integration of Islamic teachings and Chinese traditions offers a model for inclusive and sustainable business environments. Ultimately, this research contributes to broader efforts in promoting religious moderation and multicultural coexistence in economic practices.

This study investigates the integration of ideological and political education within Japanese-Chinese translation courses under China's new educational paradigm, where these core courses for Japanese majors simultaneously develop professional translation competencies and cultivate cultural ambassadors. The pedagogical framework employs a structured four-phase approach: multimedia contextualization of themes, textual analysis of ideological content (focusing on Chinese traditional virtues, socialist core values, and national achievements exemplified by poverty alleviation case studies), annotated translation practice emphasizing accurate conveyance of ideological connotations, and guided critical discussions reinforcing political literacy. Results demonstrate significant improvement in both translation proficiency and ideological comprehension, confirming the model‘s efficacy in synergizing skill development with political education to foster graduates with technical expertise and cultural confidence. This research provides replicable strategies for implementing "curriculum ideology and politics" in foreign language education reform.

Aim: This paper examines how traditional gender roles are understood through rites of passage, illuminating their significance in cultural contexts in West and Central Africa. In this light, we present narratives that compare traditional and modern views of women's gender roles, encouraging a thoughtful dialogue on the evolution of these perceptions. Within African cultures, transformative narratives have been used to maintain a sustainable balance between the individual mindset and cultural norms that influence gender identity. The specific objectives of the paper are to: 1) examine rites of passage as the foundation for understanding gender roles in Africa; 2) highlight the changing perception of women's gender roles and socialization in Africa from traditional to modern perceptions 3) discuss the implications of implications of change in gender role perception for psycho-cultural sustainability and positive socialization of women. Methods: The paper employs an ethnographic approach through analysis of cultural narratives, both oral and written. Results: The major findings of the paper are that there are birth and puberty rites of passage that clearly define gender roles within African cultures. The study also found that despite the dominance of patriarchal systems in many traditional African societies, there existed gender role complementarity where women and men performed complementary roles and women were considered to be the custodians and sustenance of African traditional values and virtues. Nonetheless, the advent of modernism and colonialism women have been placed on the lower rungs of society by the dominant forces of capitalism and globalization posing tensions between both genders. Conclusion: Cultural perspectives significantly shape how decisions are made, reinforcing the idea that advancing gender equality and valuing women's voices is crucial for psycho-cultural sustainability and positive socialization of women. Recommendation: Psycho-cultural sustainable development in Africa requires understanding traditional African perspectives on gender. By giving equal value and importance to the roles played by both males and females, the balance and harmony that once existed can be re-established.

This review synthesizes current literature on Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi (the Indonesian higher education) philosophy that encompasses education, research, and community service, as a foundational ethical framework to promote moral literacy and an ethical mindset among learners and citizens. Rooted in the nation’s post-independence vision, Tri Dharma is not merely an academic mandate but a holistic moral philosophy that informs intellectual development, civic responsibility, and community well-being. By drawing on policy documents, ethnographic fieldwork, empirical educational studies, and national reform initiatives, this paper examines the ways in which Tri Dharma has been operationalized across diverse institutional and community contexts. The findings reveal that Tri Dharma fosters a values-driven education model that integrates compassion, critical thinking, and social justice into both formal instruction and public engagement. It bridges traditional Indonesian virtues, such as gotong-royong (mutual cooperation), bhineka tunggal ika (unity in diversity), and cinta tanah air (love for the homeland), with contemporary societal challenges like environmental degradation, digital ethics, and national fragmentation. By highlighting transformative programs such as Gerakan Literasi Nasional, Kartu Prakerja, and ecological initiatives grounded in local wisdom, this review underscores the ongoing relevance of Tri Dharma in cultivating ethical, reflective, and civically engaged citizens in an increasingly globalized and complex world.

This study investigates the disposition of mothers in contemporary Igboland towards displaying traditional maternal virtues in the upbringing of their children. The inquiry is underpinned by a popular Old Testament narrative, Exodus 2:1-10. The pericope reports the story of the birth of Moses, who was born at the climax of a chaotic situation in Egypt. To control the numerical growth of the Israelites, the king of Egypt instructed that all Hebrew male babies be thrown into the Nile. When Moses was born, his mother, sister and Pharaoh's daughter displayed age-long maternal qualities such as love, sacrifice, courage, wisdom and patience, to save him from Pharaoh's plot. The study observes that in contemporary times, women have more opportunities for self-development and employment; they venture into diverse careers that could restrain them from exhibiting some longstanding motherly virtues in child upbringing. Feminist criticism, descriptive analysis and comparative analysis are employed in studying the text, the social phenomenon and the interaction between the text and the social context, respectively.