Evaluation Method of Traditional Values of Rural Villages by Landscape Administration in Hokuriku District, Japan

In Ohafia Local Government Area, the dynamic interplay between family ties and marital stability presents a complex problem. This region, characterized by its strong cultural and familial bonds, raises questions about how these deep-rooted family connections impact the resilience and longevity of marriages. The intricate relationships within families in Ohafia, including extended family influence, cultural expectations, and traditional values, potentially exert significant effects on marital harmony and stability. Understanding these relationships is crucial for addressing marital challenges and enhancing family wellbeing in the community. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between family ties and marital stability in Ohafia Local Government Area and its implications. This study utilizes Family Systems Theory to examine the influence of familial relationships on marital stability. A correlational research design was employed, with a sample size of 400 determined by Taro Yamene’s formula and selected through random sampling across towns and villages in Ohafia. Data analysis involved Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient using SPSS version 25. The study found a significant correlation between family ties and marital stability, underscoring the influence of familial relationships on marital outcomes. The results affirm Family Systems Theory, suggesting that family dynamics, including extended family involvement, deeply affect marital satisfaction and longevity in Ohafia. It is recommended to implement family-oriented educational programs and counseling services that focus on enhancing understanding and management of familial influences on marriages. Further research should explore intervention strategies that can strengthen marital bonds within the context of family dynamics in Ohafia.

This article examines the management of faculty development at STIBA Makassar as a strategic foundation for strengthening the Tridarma of higher education. The study aims to analyze specific dimensions of faculty development—pedagogical competence, research productivity, and career advancement—while assessing management aspects such as budgetary allocation, supervisory consistency, and institutional incentive systems. A qualitative case study approach was employed, involving ten informants selected through purposive sampling, including institutional leaders, department heads, and senior lecturers. Data analysis followed a thematic approach with an inductive-deductive coding process, ensuring trustworthiness through source triangulation. The findings reveal that while STIBA Makassar demonstrates strong institutional commitment, implementation faces structural hurdles, including budget constraints and excessive teaching workloads that stifle research productivity. However, the P3M unit has shown progress through AI-based writing and OJS digitalization. By synthesizing these findings with Human Resource Development and Motivation theories, this research contributes a Hybrid Management Model that integrates modern professional accountability with traditional Islamic institutional values. These results provide a strategic roadmap for building a sustainable, quality-oriented faculty development system in pesantren-based institutions.

Entering marriage is a significant life decision that includes major transitions in one's life. The study investigated the perceptions of marriage among Filipino senior university students majoring in Human and Family Development at a university in the Philippines. It aimed to understand their definition and views of marriage, and the factors that influence their decision to get married. The study employed a two-step descriptive qualitative design, combining initial surveys to identify themes, followed by in-depth interviews for deeper exploration, and purposive sampling to select eight senior students aged 20-22 years old from the University of the Philippines Los Baños in 2019, whose responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that participants define marriage as a lifelong commitment to another person that is legally recognized and strengthened by intimacy. While they viewed marriage as a personal choice, they acknowledged its legal benefits, such as legitimate recognition of their children. Five key factors emerged in their decision to marry: influence of media, family pressure, financial capability, achievement of personal goals, and desire to build their own family. These findings reflect the negotiation between traditional family values and the modern aspirations of the younger generation in the Philippines. The study offers valuable insights for developing culturally-responsive relationship education programs for Filipino students and informing family-oriented policies that address the evolving perspectives of early adults toward marriage.

Caribbean poets, like their counterparts from other parts of the world, draw on traditional performing arts to represent African historical, cultural, social, political, and religious structures and ideologies. Their deep knowledge of African culture enables them to re-educate their people and Blacks all over the world on the importance of their cultural and national identities. This largely explains the presence of African cultural expressions in the musical variations of their poetry. Using the theory of Post-Structuralism, this study explores the style, locale, form, expression, and relevance of musical variations in selected poems of Edward Kamau Brathwaite, Audre Lorde, and Paule Marshall. Their poetry seeks to enhance cultural literacy, foster nationalist consciousness by celebrating Africa’s historical past through songs of solidarity, and provide emotional support for Black Africans' struggles for freedom across the world. It also exposes how going back to African indigenous knowledge and heritage of traditional norms and values fosters self-assertion and actualization, needed for sustainable development of the contemporary African society.

In modern conditions of national and personal identities transformation, the study of the philosophical and journalistic heritage of N.A. Berdyaev is becoming particularly relevant as it gives the opportunity to better understand the mechanisms of spiritual resistance and cultural revival in the conditions of emigration. The study of the philosophy of identity in his journalism opens up new perspectives for understanding the processes of national identity formation in conditions of forced resettlement. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the concept of identity in the philosophical and journalistic heritage of N.A. Berdyaev’s period of Russian emigration in the 1920s and 1940s, identification of its essential characteristics and the role in the national identity formation. Materials and methods. The source base of the research were journalistic works of N.A. Berdyaev, published in the emigrant press, including in the journal “Put'”. In the course of the research, methods of qualitative text analysis, historical, cultural and philosophical analysis, as well as the method of data systematization were used, which made it possible to comprehensively explore the issues of identity in the philosopher’s work. Results. The philosophical legacy of N.A. Berdyaev is an integral system of views on the phenomenon of Russian identity, based on the synthesis of religious, cultural and historical experience of the nation. N.A. Berdyaev’s concept of identity is revealed to be based on the idea of Russia’s special destiny as a spiritual leader capable of overcoming the crisis phenomena of the European civilization. At this, the thinker saw the uniqueness of Russia’s position in its ability to combine various cultural traditions. Understanding of Russian identity is determined to be based on the principle of conciliarity, which unites spiritual unity, personal freedom and responsibility. N.A. Berdyaev created an original model that overcomes the limitations of previous approaches to understanding identity. Creative freedom is established to be a fundamental aspect of human existence in the concept of the thinker. The spiritual autonomy of the individual is considered as a key factor in preserving and developing the national culture. The study showed that N.A. Berdyaev’s concept offers a methodology for overcoming cultural crises through an appeal to traditional values and spiritual heritage, which remains relevant in modern conditions of globalization. The results confirm that identity is a dynamic process where the determining role is played by the spiritual development of the individual and preservation of cultural continuity. Conclusions. N.A. Berdyaev understood identity as a dynamic process synthesizing religious, cultural, historical, and personal dimensions, where spiritual freedom and creativity play a key role. He rejected one-sided interpretations, emphasizing that national identity is determined by the inner spiritual state of the people and the ability to preserve cultural continuity. The methodological value and relevance of his approach lie in his holistic view of the problem of self-identification in the context of historical transformations. The results obtained are important for understanding the mechanisms of preserving national culture.

This article presents a theolinguistic study examining the concept of zeal for God as a Christian virtue. The material is drawn from the works of Saint Theophan the Recluse, including “The Spiritual Life and How to Attune Oneself to It,” “The Path to Salvation,” “Edifying with Love,” “Letters on the Christian Life,” and others. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that preserving traditional spiritual and moral values requires introducing key concepts related to the Orthodox faith and spiritual life into modern discourse. Therefore, it is necessary to identify these definitions in historical theological discourse, characterizing the specifics of their linguistic representation in patristic works. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that the concept of “zeal for God,” rarely used in the modern religious context, is examined from a theolinguistic perspective, which will ultimately expand the scope of this important spiritual concept. A comparative analysis based on the works of Saint Theophan classifies the meanings of the concept “zeal for God,” identifying its meaning-forming features, boundaries, and spheres of application, as well as the contextual features of the lexemes that make up this definition. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of linguistic expressiveness characteristic of Saint Theophan the Recluse’s idiostyle (personification, metaphor, epithets), which help the reader create a figurative perception of the concept under study. The results of the study are clearly presented in tables. Finally, the author draws attention to the so-called spiritual algorithms proposed by Saint Theophan for developing the capacity for “merciless selfcompulsion.” This means that a person must demonstrate willpower and make an effort to develop their spiritual qualities, which, in turn, is a necessary condition for developing the virtue of “zeal for God.”

Conversational approach is increasingly recognized as a central determinant of family mental health. It functions as a relational process nurturing trust, emotional expression, and shared coping. Globally, it is increasingly recognized as a driver of family mental health. In many African societies, including Kenya, conversations are shaped by deeply rooted cultural norms and communal value systems. Isukha Central in Western Kenya presents a culturally distinct context, characterized by strong traditional practices and tightly knit community structures. Anchored in Communication Accommodation Theory, this study investigated how indigenous cultural norms, values and conversational approach influence family mental health. Adopting a qualitative case study with a narrative orientation guided by an interpretivist-constructivist paradigm, data was collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were used; thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo. The findings enrich the growing body of knowledge on culturally responsive family mental health strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa, providing practical insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to bridge traditional knowledge systems with contemporary mental health frameworks. The study concludes that culturally responsive conversational approaches integrating traditional values with mental health literacy are essential for strengthening family-based mental health interventions. Thereby, contributing to Sustainable Development Goal No. 3 on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all.

This article examines the attitudes of young adults aged 20–30 towards reproduction in the context of family planning, and the perception of traditional values. The hypothesis of the study suggests that there are various, often conflicting, discourses emerging in contemporary media, conveying differing value models for parenting and family relationships. The aim of the research is to propose a strategy for shaping a positive attitude towards young parenthood, through media content based on analysis of young adults’ attitudes towards reproduction and their media use. Initial data includes the results of an author’s questionnaire, data from other studies, and analysis of popular sources of information among young adults, including both traditional and digital media, such as social media, blogs, videos, and internet portals. Research methodology combines quantitative and qualitative methods for analyzing attitudes towards reproduction, as well as media use. It was found that young adults tend to postpone having children until around the age of 28–30, reflecting a shift in attitudes towards parenthood. There is also a shift in emphasis in life, with the rapid growth of digital media leading to a unique discourse that significantly influences young people’s lifestyles and values. Analysis of media use revealed a preference for digital formats, including short video clips and blog content, which are effective in promoting values such as family and marriage. Scientific novelty lies in developing a strategy for media promotion of positive images of parenthood based on this research.

To fully understand the demographic processes in contemporary Russian society and make accurate scientific predictions in the field of demographics and migration, we need to take into account a complex set of factors, including religious and ethnic-confessional ones. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the possible influence of the religious aspect on emigration intentions among Russian citizens. We used data from surveys conducted by the IDR FCTAS RAS (2019, 2004) among Moscow residents and students. The study focused on examining the relationship between religious and nonreligious views of respondents with varying levels of emigration tendencies. This was done using a method based on constructing two typologies based on ideological (religious/secular) and migrational (settled/projective) characteristics. Sociological research was conducted through a comparative analysis of assessments and attitudes of representatives from these groups towards socio-political, economic, cultural, and ethnic-religious processes. Findings indicate that religious beliefs and secularization are important factors in analyzing the characteristics of typological groups. Religious beliefs and related traditions often coincide with “settled” groups, demonstrating structural similarities, while the “secular” group overlaps significantly with potential emigrant groups. Socio-political and economic positions, as well as value systems, of “settled groups” demonstrate a positive assessment of state policies and religious organizations, a civic stance and optimism about the future of unification around Russia and restoration of its international status. “Patriotism”, “national pride”, “social justice”, and “security” are prominent in these groups’ ideas and values that contribute to national consensus. Non-religious and projective emigrant groups share similar positions and values but are more concerned about socio-economic and political matters. They have less pride in Russian society, are skeptical about unifying around Russia, and believe in radical change to the political system. Their key values include “freedom”, “human rights”, “justice”, and creativity. Ideology and patriotism do not play a central role in their priorities. Overall, it can be concluded that a religious worldview based on traditional values contributes to social stability and reduces emigration, while a secular one promotes potential emigration through greater openness to change.

This study explains the form of acculturation of Islamic values in the Barong Ider Bumi tradition in Kemiren Village, Banyuwangi. The Barong tradition was initially strong with animistic values, but Islam is dialectic which makes this tradition undergo an adjustment in meaning and value. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The results of the research show that the acculturation of Islamic values in the Barong tradition can be seen in its rituals with Islamic nuances, the transformation of the meaning of earth alms as a pious deed, and Barong as a mystical symbol to be religious. The values of cultural da'wah are manifested through the involvement of religious leaders in directing the spirituality of the community to remain in accordance with the teachings of monotheism.

Background: The low implementation of Early Breastfeeding Initiation (EBI) among working mothers is often linked to their dual burden of domestic and economic responsibilities. Cultural norms, traditional values and social structures also shape EBI related practices. Certain cultural beliefes such as giving pre-lacteal milk liquids and extended family decisions in the birth process, can hinder the implementation of EBI. This study examined socioeconomic disparities in EBI practices among working mothers in Indonesia, emphasizing the cultural factors that specifically affect the likelihood of initiating breastfeeding in the first hour of life.Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 46,130 children. EBI served as the independent variable, while socioeconomic status was the dependent variable, with seven controls: residence, mother’s age, education, marital status, antenatal care, birthplace, and child’s gender. Socioeconomic position was measured using wealth quintiles ranging from the poorest to the richest. Binary logistic regression assessed the association between EBI and socioeconomic status, with interpretation of findings considering cultural differences across social groups.Results: The result showed that 59.7% of working mothers in Indonesia had implemented EBI. Socioeconomic status was a significant predictor of EBI. Poorer mothers were 1,146 times more likely to initiate EBI than wealthier mothers (95% CI: 1,134-1,159). Conversely, the richest mothers had a 1.422-fold higher likelihood of achieving EBI compared with the poorest (95% CI: 1.288-1.315), while working mothers had a 1.399-fold higher chance (95% CI: 1.385-1.414). EBI was also more common among mothers who had antenatal care, lived in rural areas, were older, married, and had higher levels of education. These variations indicate that beyond economic status, access to health information and cultural values strongly influence EBI practices among working mothers.Conclusion: Socioeconomic disparities significantly influence EBI among working mothers in Indonesia. Wealthier mothers are more likely to initiate breastfeeding within the first hour, highlighting the role of socioeconomic position in shaping maternal health behaviors. Cultural norms further contextualize these differences, affecting decisions and practices surrounding early breastfeeding. Strengthening EBI coverage therefore requires strategies that go beyond structural and economic improvements, incorporating cultural considerations and family support.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the behavior of the required return (discount rate) within the present value method. This method is a foundational tool in capital budgeting and investment planning for evaluating the favorability of various decisions. Additionally, it is commonly used in the valuation of companies through discounted cash flows. In both practice and academic literature, discount rates are often assumed to be constant and deterministic, without explicitly stating the assumptions that justify such behavior. We demonstrate that the appropriate discount rate is inherently linked to the stochastic process governing the cash flow stream — even when the pricing kernel is held constant. Specifically, discount rates remain deterministic and time-invariant only when cash-flow streams are generated by a simple nonlinear and nondisrupted autoregressive process of the first order. In contrast, cash flows generated by trend-stationary or disrupted processes typically require time-varying discount rates. For these processes, we show how the present value formula can be adapted accordingly. To our knowledge, this relationship has not been formally developed or illustrated in existing NPV literature. More complex cash flow dynamics generally require stochastic discount rates, making the traditional present value method problematic.

Abstract In a society undergoing continuous transformation, marked by the rapid advancement of technology, education is the field in which all stakeholders must keep pace with change. This study explores how primary school teachers are willing to adapt their teaching styles, improve their instructional strategies, and innovate in order to meet the needs and expectations of today’s generation of children – the digital natives. In this context, teachers are challenged to integrate interactive strategies, innovative methods, and digital technologies into the teaching and learning process, while still preserving traditional values and practices. As part of this investigative approach, a questionnaire was administered to teachers from both urban and rural areas. Additionally, a focus group session was held with primary education teachers from a school in Bucharest. The findings of the research highlight significant differences based on age, teaching experience, and both initial and ongoing professional training. While there is openness toward innovation, some concerns remain regarding excessive digitalization. The study emphasizes the importance of balancing tradition and innovation in the teaching process, as well as the need for training programs focused on developing digital competencies. The conclusions provide a basis for formulating recommendations to support teachers in adapting to the demands of contemporary education.

Family Medicine (FM) core values shape clinical practice, medical education, policy, and research. While universally recognised FM principles exist, their interpretation and implementation may vary significantly across different contexts, countries and time. This scoping review systematically examined literature from diverse international sources to identify and analyse the evolving core values of FM. Relevant studies were reviewed to determine common themes, variations, contextual influences shaping FM and emerging themes. Twenty-one studies were included. Core values such as person-centred care, continuity, comprehensiveness, and coordination featured prominently across the literature. Although these traditional values persisted, their interpretations and prioritisations varied significantly according to geopolitical and healthcare system structures. Regional differences reflected local workforce structures, healthcare challenges, and sociopolitical context. High-income regions emphasised values like relational care, stewardship, and advocacy reflecting evolving expectations towards social responsiveness. Lower-resourced areas prioritised accessibility, procedural competence, and team-based leadership, responding pragmatically to infrastructural constraints. Over time, new values such as sustainability, comfort with complexity, and social accountability have emerged, indicating global concern for equity, physician well-being and proactive public engagement. This review highlights a dynamic landscape of FM values, shaped by both universal principles and local adaptation. As countries refine their health systems and FM roles, there is a need for value frameworks that are both globally informed and locally grounded. Clear articulation of values will guide education, policy, research, and professional identity, ensuring that FM remains responsive and relevant amidst evolving healthcare landscapes.

The purpose of this study is to examine the depiction of gender and the traditional role of characters in the television series Nightmares and Daydreams. The television series Nightmares and Daydreams was made to provide an explanation to the public regarding the dynamics of family life problems in Indonesia combined with science fiction works. This study uses a narrative analysis approach with Walter Fisher's narrative paradigm. The series featured in each episode of Nightmares and Daydreams shows that it has narrative possibilities in the context of everyday life. The traditional role of the figure reflects the cultural life of Indonesia, which has a tradition of talking while at home. Returning to the role of gender, which has an important role in depicting problems that are often experienced in life in Indonesia, by combining science fiction works. The findings show that the series challenges gender stereotypes through several main characters in each episode who are often placed in conflict between traditional values and personal identity. By using qualitative methods, this research explores how men and women are portrayed through social roles, emotional expression, and life dynamics in stories. This research also highlights how popular media can play an important role in shaping gender meaning in society.

This study aims to analyse the role and quality of Islamic boarding school alumni in leading formal educational institutions amid the challenges of the digital era, with a focus on leadership competencies, digital skills, and religious character as superior human resources. The method used is a literature review with thematic analysis of relevant local literature published in the period 2021–2024 to identify factors that influence the success of Islamic boarding school alumni in educational leadership. The results of the study show that Islamic boarding school alumni have a strong foundation in traditional Islamic boarding school values, such as discipline, work ethic, moral responsibility, and prophetic leadership, which support their effectiveness in leading formal educational institutions. However, these values need to be reinforced with digital literacy, modern educational management skills, and professional networks in order to respond to the changes and demands of the digital era. Based on these findings, this study recommends the integration of digital literacy into the pesantren curriculum, the strengthening of leadership development programmes, and increased synergy between pesantren and formal educational institutions as strategies for preparing alumni who are adaptive, competitive, and relevant to the needs of education in the digital era.

E.M. Remarque's novel «Three Comrades» is one of the most popular works in world literature about friendship and love. Like all works about the «lost generation», the novel is characterized by its simple language, first-person narrative, and portrayal of ordinary people facing the challenges of post-war life, such as poverty, loss of loved ones, and the destruction of traditional values. The article examines the phenomenon of olfactory vocabulary related to smells and the sense of smell in general, and its role in creating artistic images, conveying the emotional states of characters, and shaping the overall atmosphere of a work. The original text (in German), which presents the post-war atmosphere of Germany – the world of the Weimar Republic, full of deep despair and fragile hope – is compared to its translations into Russian and English. It seems that an analysis of the olfactory vocabulary associated with the description of one of the most complex of the five human senses – smell – will allow us to delve deeper into the artistic world of the work.

What remains of a homeland after generations abroad, and how do descendants of Polish immigrants in Argentina negotiate the legacy of their heritage? Drawing on in-depth interviews, this study examines the transmission, adaptation, and erosion of cultural markers such as language, cuisine, and traditional values. Family memory and intermarriage emerge as decisive factors, shaping not only what is preserved but also what is forgotten or transformed. The research focuses on Misiones Province in Argentina, a region where Polish traditions have historically coexisted and intertwined with those of other migrant communities, particularly Ukrainians. Rather than a static inheritance, ethnicity appears as a dynamic and negotiated practice, sustained through rituals, narratives, and symbolic gestures rather than rigid norms. By identifying which cultural elements endure, the study illuminates the practical meanings of ethnicity and its role in everyday life, contributing to broader discussions on diaspora, cultural continuity, and the lived dimensions of Polish heritage in Latin American migrant contexts.

Sade Village is a traditional Sasak settlement that functions both as a cultural tourism destination and as a center of enduring ethnological and ecological practices. This study aims to explore the ethnological and ecological perspectives of the Sade community and to provide strategic recommendations for preserving the nature identity culture of the Sasak Sade people in support of SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) in Lombok. The research uses a qualitative ethnographic design through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants were selected purposively, particularly adat leaders and community members knowledgeable about ecological regulations. The findings show that the community maintains ancestral rules such as prohibitions on cutting trees without permission, mandatory replanting, and the use of local materials in traditional architecture. However, tourism has introduced challenges, including increased plastic waste and declining youth interest in traditional customs. This study recommends strengthening adat institutions, providing ecological cultural education for youth, and integrating traditional values with modern sustainability strategies to safeguard Sade’s nature identity culture.