Traditional Information Sources Research Articles

Filatelik Materyalin Nitelenmesi

Kitapdışı materyallerin bir parçası olan filatelik materyaller, bir bilgi kaynağı olarak üstüne akademik çalışmalar yapılan kütüphane/bilgi merkezi dermelerinin bir malzemesidir. Bu özellikleri nedeniyle, geleneksel bilgi kaynakları gibi tercih edilen bir kütüphane otomasyon programı ile hizmete sunulmalı; standart kurallara göre nitelenerek, erişime açılmalıdır. Birçok ülkede derleme kanunu kapsamında o ülkenin milli kütüphanesi başta olmak üzere farklı türdeki kütüphanelere gönderilen filatelik materyalin organizasyonu ve erişime açılması için kullanılması gereken öncelikli kural ve standartlar Anglo-Amerikan Kataloglama Kuralları II (AACR-II/AAKK-II) ve MARC olmalıdır. Bu çalışmada filatelik materyal olarak adlandırılan pullar, ilkgün zarfları (First Day Cover - FDC), özel tarih damgalı zarflar ve özel gün zarflarının (Special Day Cover - SDC) hangi MARC alanları dikkate alınarak nitelenmesi gerektiği örneklerle anlatılmaya çalışılmış ve öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Kütüphanelerde daha yoğunlukla görülen pul ve zarflara göre nitelenmesinde belirli bir aşamaya gelinmiş olan kartpostallar çalışma dışında bırakılmıştır.

Crisis Communication Patterns in Social Media during Hurricane Sandy

Hurricane Sandy was one of the deadliest and costliest of hurricanes of the past few decades. Many states experienced significant power outage; however, many people used social media to communicate while having limited or no access to traditional information sources. Using machine learning techniques, this study explored the evolution of various communication patterns and determined user concerns that emerged over the course of Hurricane Sandy. The original data included ∼52M tweets coming from ∼13M users between October 14, 2012 and November 12, 2012. A topic model was run on ∼763K tweets from the top 4,029 most frequent users who tweeted about Sandy at least 100 times. Some 250 well-defined communication patterns based on perplexity were identified. Conversations of the most frequent and relevant users indicate the evolution of numerous storm-phase (warning, response, and recovery) specific topics. People were also concerned about storm location and time, media coverage, and activities of political leaders and celebrities. Also presented is each relevant keyword that contributed to one particular pattern of user concerns. Such keywords would be particularly meaningful in targeted information-spreading and effective crisis communication in similar major disasters. Each of these words can also be helpful for efficient hash-tagging to reach the target audience as needed via social media. The pattern recognition approach of this study can be used in identifying real-time user needs in future crises.

Türkiye’nin Antalya ilinde nar üreticilerinin kullandığı bilgi kaynaklarının analizi

Rural development for many developing countries depends on modern technologies and innovations which are developed by public research institutes and universities, or imported by developed countries. Two key factors may play major role on the use of technology by farm operators; one of them is public and private organizations disseminating recent innovations to rural areas ; and the other factor is farm operators’ socio economic characteristics and information seeking behavior influencing their decisions for information sources. This study was conducted to search for pomegranate producers’ sources of all agricultural techniques and economical information. Socio-economic characteristics and information- seeking behavior influencing farmers’ decisions to select their information sources was also the purpose of the study. Data was collected from a sample of 98 producers in Antalya province of Turkey. Information sources used by producers were classified into traditional and modern information sources.

Horse Husbandry and Preventive Health Practices in Australia: An Online Survey of Horse Guardians

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the horse health management practices of Australian horse caregivers (owners). This article presents findings from a convenience sample of 505 horse owners who participated in an online survey. No large-scale welfare issues were identified, but there were some areas of potential concern, including owners who did not regularly deworm their horses (4%), a lack of strategic parasite control (3.1%), and a lack of regular dental care (11%). Several participants did not have their horse’s hooves regularly shod or trimmed (2%), and 14% had an unqualified person maintain their horse’s hooves. One in five owners (19%) did not vaccinate their horses against tetanus. The findings are discussed in relation to current Australian horse health guidelines and traditional sources of horse health information, together with recommendations for providing horse owners with relevant information in relevant forms.

Evaluation of the Radio as an Agricultural Information Source in Rural Areas

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to evaluate a radio program as a source of agricultural information and examine the relationship between specific socioeconomic characteristics and listenership. The findings revealed that half of the farmers listen to the radio program, while older farmers are more likely to be listeners. Moreover, there are no significant differences between listeners and nonlisteners with respect to education level. More focus should be given to mountainous and less favored areas where more traditional information sources prevail. It is strongly recommended that the broadcast be sustained and improved based on farmers' suggestions and be regularly assessed.

Zika and Public Health: Understanding the Epidemiology and Information Environment.

Because Zika is a newly emerging infectious disease with little previous information known about it, there are many epidemiologic and clinical questions. The complexity of providing care to those who are at risk for infection or are already infected with Zika in this evidence-scarce environment cannot be understated. In this article, we provide an overview of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in the context of public health and pediatric health care. A broad public health focus is used to provide relevant information for addressing important questions about the epidemic and to facilitate communication with patients, parents, and caregivers within the current information environment. We explore issues regarding the epidemiology of the virus (including why ZIKV outbreaks are occurring), what has changed since the sporadic case reports before the outbreaks, why the true incidence is difficult to estimate, why attack rates vary by population and geography, and why the association between Zika and congenital Zika syndrome and Guillain-Barré syndrome have only come to light recently. Additionally, challenges related to the current information environment, traditional and informal information sources about the ZIKV, and examples of Zika public health communication campaigns are discussed. Importantly, we review the existing findings regarding the US population's Zika-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior by highlighting variations and gaps. We conclude by identifying related research questions that remain critical.

Gençlerin Siyaset Gündemi Konularına Yaklaşımı ve Medya Kullanım Alışkanlıklarının Belirlenmesi: 15 Temmuz Darbe Girişimi Örnek Olayı

Mass media are the most important sources of information regarding the political agenda of today's people. Especially in cases of political and social crisis, mass media plays a crucial role in constructing opinion. Today, young people in a closer relationship with technology are undergoing change and transformation at the point of following the news media and forming their political agendas. In this study, it was attempted to find answers to the questions about how educated young people follow their political agendas, what factors are influential in determining their political attitudes, how often they follow different media, and how they interpret the role played by the media during the July 15 coup. Questionnaires were applied to the sample group selected from the students who had undergraduate education at Karadeniz Technical University. As a result of the study, young people are more informed that they are following the political agenda from the internet based information sources rather than the traditional ones and that they are more dependent on traditional information sources and the environments where the primary relations are valid in terms of developing political attitudes. It has also been determined that young people have a high level of interest in the political agenda and that young people think they are knowledgeable in this regard. It was also found that college youngsters paid attention to the role of the media during the July 15 coup, but that they thought the media did not adequately inform themselves.

Why Facts are not enough in the Fight against Fake News

Abstract With trust in traditional sources of news and information in decline, journalists, academics and policy experts discuss ways to halt the spread of misinformation. Brian Tarran listens in

Role of Social Media in Promoting Education Tourism

Tourism is an important source of revenue for any country and media plays an important role to promote tourism in different ways, like information search, decision-making behaviors and in focusing on best practices for interacting with consumers. Educational tourism is one of the fastest growing areas of the travel and tourism and is frequently unnoticed by tourism professionals and marketers. In past educational institutes were rely on traditional information sources like print media, broadcast media, education fairs and university websites to promote their universities and students also took help from these sources to select their courses and university. The advent of social media brings a drastic change in marketing strategies. This study reviews the existing literature to find out the impact of social media to promote education tourism. Social media is computer-mediated technologies that allow individuals, companies, NGOs, governments, and other organizations to view, create and share information, ideas, career interests, and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks. Literature reveals that social media plays an important role to promote educational tourism which ultimately improves and promotes the economic, social, political and cultural life of the nation. By hosting international students it will increase tourism related projects and will raise investment and using this investment in infrastructure and for the improvement of quality of education and research work. In recent years with the rising importance of social media, many higher educational institutions are using social media tools for the promotion purposes. This paper suggests that the higher education institutes, education ministry and tourism department should aggressively use social media to promote education tourism for economic development of the country.

From on High: Imams, Religious Networks, and Pro-Regime Mobilization

What role do religious networks have in solidifying regime legitimacy? Most studies consider the revolutionary role of religious Islam, where religion is used as a tool to challenge the state authorities. In contrast, the state-supporting role of religious networks is less understood. During the night of the 2016 coup in Turkey, Erdogan's ruling party directed imams to project certain messages from minarets that varied in their content from purely religious prayers, to distinctly secular national anthems, to direct orders to the populace. Using data on the content and timing of these messages, as well as Twitter responses and mosque networks, we find that these messages inspired individual pro-regime action, social mobilisation, and social media rhetoric. This messages from mosques were more effective than traditional information sources, even in traditionally secular areas. Even the purely religious messages encouraged pro-state rhetoric on social media, highlighting perceptions of religion's role in legitimising Erdogan's government. Overall, these results suggest that religion can play an important role in legitimising the state and solidifying it against potential challengers.

The Power of the Patient Voice: Learning Indicators of Treatment Adherence From An Online Breast Cancer Forum

Social media platforms have become popular online environments for patients seeking and sharing treatment experiences. These platforms enable us to move beyond traditional sources of clinical information for learning about a patient's long-term adherence to treatment. While adherence has been studied using data derived from medical records and structured surveys, these approaches are limited in that they are often 1) time consuming, 2) limited in scale, or 3) lack self-reported patient experiences. In this paper, we investigate treatment adherence through a patient's self-reported information in online discussion forums. Specifically, we consider hormonal therapy treatment adherence (HTA) for hormone receptor positive breast cancer, a disease subtype that comprises 75% of all breast cancer cases. We focus on the inferred emotions and personality traits from the posts created by the members of a large online breast cancer community. These factors have been neglected in traditional adherence research due to a lack of information. We study over 130,000 posts from the forum, spanning 10,000 patients over 9 years. We assess emotion and personality traits with respect to three types of adherence behaviors: 1) currently on a regimen, 2) an interruption (due to discontinuing, pausing, or switching a medication regimen before five years) and 3) the completion of a five-year protocol. We find statistically significant differences in emotions across adherence behaviors. We further show that specific personality traits, including self-discipline, are associated with HTA, but in the opposite direction than what traditional research studies have shown. Finally, we illustrate that there is potential for predicting future interruption behaviors based on an individual's posts. We anticipate that our methodology can be applied to study treatment adherence for other diseases using online self-reported information.

Shifting Sands

This essay examines print literature targeting American mothers of infants from the turn of the twentieth century through the 1950s, analyzing text excerpts from “baby books” spanning six decades and providing background illuminating those texts and their authors. Books authored by Benjamin Spock, Arnold Gesell, and John B. Watson are reviewed, along with work of less well-known but widely read authors Emmett Holt, Herman Bundesen, and others. Changes in recommended feeding and toilet-training practices, sleeping arrangements, and behavioral expectations of babies, as well as the variation in style and tone of the experts’ advice are traced through the period studied. Parent advice publications grew in popularity as changing family structures removed traditional sources of information and support for mothers, and the public came to highly regard scientific information and seek expert guidance in aspects of their lives previously governed by traditional wisdom. Included are publications of the federal Children’s Bureau and discussion of that agency’s role in advising parents through printed literature. Findings from this review assert that despite the advice-givers’ presentation of their recommendations as universal and scientific, their writings more accurately serve as a chronicle of changing patterns of beliefs and attitudes of middle-class society rather than an empirical body of knowledge about infant growth and development.

The biological roots of political extremism.

Recent research has revealed the complex origins of political identification and the possible effects of this identification on social and political behavior. This article reports the results of a structural equation analysis of national survey data that attempts to replicate the finding that an individual's negativity bias predicts conservative ideology. The analysis employs the Motivational Activation Measure (MAM) as an index of an individual's positivity offset and negativity bias. In addition, information-seeking behavior is assessed in relation to traditional and interactive media sources of political information. Results show that although MAM does not consistently predict political identification, it can be used to predict extremeness of political views. Specifically, high negativity bias was associated with extreme conservatism, whereas low negativity bias was associated with extreme liberalism. In addition, political identification was found to moderate the relationship between motivational traits and information-seeking behavior.

New sources of information and their use in decision-making

The opportunities of using traditional and new sources of information, including statistical data, in decision-making under uncertainty were analysed. Special attention was paid to the relationship between the availability of information about the particular decision-making situation and the interpretation as well as estimation of probability as a measure of uncertainty. Subsequently, an assessment of information credibility and quality obtained from statistical research and Big Data used in decision-making was highlighted. This kind of evaluation offers additional perspective on the analysis of decision-making situation, called the knowledge dimension.

Information overload, psychological ill-being, and behavioral intention to continue online healthcare information search

Internet these days have been extensively used to access and search health information supplementing or substituting the traditional sources of online health information (OHI) like health professionals. With the increase in online health information search the production of health information on internet is also rapidly increasing. Due to the enormous volume of health information available on internet, it is hard to locate, process and manage the required valuable information effectively often overloading health information seekers. Information overload phenomenon occurs when more information is presented than the ability of information seekers to process and handle the information. Researchers argue that information overload phenomenon is significantly associated with health-related issues of information seekers. Therefore, the aim of this study is to empirically examine how OHI related information overload impacts the psychological state of information seekers and their behavioral intention to continue the use of OHI search. A research model based on Information Processing Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior is developed and tested using the data collected from 380 survey responses. The results show that perceived information overload has a positive impact on information seekers’ psychological ill-being influencing their behavioral intention to discontinue the use of OHI search. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed at the end of the paper.

A Prescription for Internet Access: Appealing to Middle-Aged and Older Racial and Ethnic Minorities Through Social Network Sites to Combat Colorectal Cancer

ABSTRACTThe popularity and usage of social media networks or SNS (social networking sites) among American Internet users age 50 and over doubled between 2009 and 2010 and has steadily climbed. Part of this increased access may be the result of older adults who are living with a chronic disease and are reaching out for online support. Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is among those concerns, particularly among middle-age and older minority populations where disparities exist. This exploratory study investigates information seeking behavior related to cancer factors (e.g. testing for colon cancer, cancer fatalism) and current social media usage among racial and ethnic minority groups (African American and Latinos) and Whites age 50 and older. The secondary data from the 2012 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) was analyzed to compare these populations. Results show that African Americans and Latinos were only slightly more likely to use social network sites to seek out cancer information compared to Whites. However, Whites were more likely to use the Internet to seek health information compared to African Americans and Latinos. In this sample, Whites were also more likely to be informed by a physician about CRC testing (p <.01). Whites were also more fatalistic about CRC (p<.001) and more likely to have self-reported receiving a positive diagnosis (p <.001). Implications of this study suggest that use of both traditional health information sources (physician) and the Internet (social media networks, Internet sites) have increased among older Americans and can serve as critical channels for cancer information and education.

Undergraduate information behaviors in thesis writing: A study using the Information Search Process model

The study investigates whether information-seeking behavior models and theories obtained in previous research are applicable to more complex tasks. It also aims to gather students’ opinions on the importance and helpfulness of various traditional and online information sources in their thesis-writing process. This study would help to develop a better understanding of the roles and impacts of these information sources in the current networked academic infrastructure. Inspired by the Information Search Process model, we divided the process into six stages and conducted three separate surveys that covered students’ feelings, thoughts and actions, as well as other important factors that might affect their behaviors in each of the stages. Our study shows that both the feelings and thoughts of students changed during the different stages of the process, and that they were generally consistent with the descriptions in the Information Search Process model. The study indicates that it is beneficial to use the Information Search Process model as the starting point for studying the student thesis-writing processes. As the outcome of the study, we ultimately proposed a multi-stage model for Chinese undergraduate students’ thesis-writing process.

A Pictorial Analysis of Destination Images on Pinterest: The Case of Tokyo, Kyoto, and Osaka, Japan

ABSTRACTBased on the recent trend that social network sites (SNSs) have been replacing traditional sources of information, this study seeks to examine the representative characteristics of pictorial information in both destination marketing organizations’ (DMOs) websites and SNSs (i.e. Pinterest.com), focusing on three major cities in Japan. Analyzing photos in terms of 13 categories, this study revealed that differences exist between two channels indicating an inconsistency between travelers’ interests and marketers’ projections. Based on the results, the study suggests possible DMOs’ marketing strategies utilizing SNSs to facilitate and reinforce favorable destination images.

Comparative Quality Indicators for Hospital Choice: Do General Practitioners Care?

ContextThe strategy of publicly reporting quality indicators is being widely promoted through public policies as a way to make health care delivery more efficient.ObjectiveTo assess general practitioners’ (GPs) use of the comparative hospital quality indicators made available by public services and the media, as well as GPs’ perceptions of their qualities and usefulness.MethodA telephone survey of a random sample representing all self-employed GPs in private practice in France.ResultsA large majority (84.1%–88.5%) of respondents (n = 503; response rate of 56%) reported that they never used public comparative indicators, available in the mass media or on government and non-government Internet sites, to influence their patients’ hospital choices. The vast majority of GPs rely mostly on traditional sources of information when choosing a hospital. At the same time, this study highlights favourable opinions shared by a large proportion of GPs regarding several aspects of hospital quality indicators, such as their good qualities and usefulness for other purposes. In sum, the results show that GPs make very limited use of hospital quality indicators based on a consumer choice paradigm but, at the same time, see them as useful in ways corresponding more to the usual professional paradigms, including as a means to improve quality of care.

How psychiatric trainees keep up to date: survey of psychiatric trainees' use of journals and other information sources.

Aims and method To gather information about psychiatric trainees' use of different information sources and academic materials, a questionnaire was distributed at the London Deanery Annual Psychiatry Trainee Conference and the training programmes of two teaching trusts.Results Participants returned 202 out of a total of 300 completed questionnaires (67%). Websites were the most commonly accessed information source ahead of textbooks, abstracts and journals. Year of training correlated positively with journal use and negatively with textbook use. Year of training also correlated positively with frequency of reading three journals published by the Royal College of Psychiatrists and with specific reasons for consulting journals, namely to improve clinical practice and inform trainees' own research.Clinical implications Respondents reported consulting websites more frequently than more traditional information sources but journals are still a widely used source of information for trainee clinicians. It is important that trainees continue to be equipped with skills to identify and access high-quality information at the point of clinical uncertainty.