Traditional Communication Methods Research Articles

The need for trust in electronic commerce in intellectual property

The article describes why trust is the core element for the success of electronic commerce or electronic government in the field of intellectual property. The introduction of electronic commerce in intellectual property marks a radical break with traditional methods of communication. Such a radical change can only be successful if all the users (i.e. offices, intermediaries, applicants and interested third parties) have confidence in the new system. There are various ways of inspiring confidence: by consultation over the design of the new system; by creation of a secure legal framework; by mechanisms to eliminate any errors; by an understanding of the new processes; by freedom to choose, for example not to use electronic commerce methods; by a suitable choice of system carriers, and so on. It is no accident that the boom in electronic commerce has coincided with the trend towards increasing openness to the public on the part of the public service (the keywords being new public management and effect-oriented approach to administration). The reason for this openness is often that the public has lost confidence in its public service and is dissatisfied with the services provided. This article shows that electronic commerce also enables the public service to regain lost public confidence.

A Qualitative Appraisal of Professional Medical Attitudes to Orthopaedic Manipulative Therapy

The purpose of this paper was to explore the validity of a perception, that the treatment of neuro-muscular-articular problems (N.M.A) by manipulative therapists is not widely known or understood by medical practitioners in South Africa. If this perception is validated, it could explain a cause of the suspected lack of effective referral of patients who could potentially benefit from such therapy.A questionnaire format was the method of investigation and the universe was 467 medical practitioners, drawn from the greater Johannesburg area. One hundred and forty respondents formed the sample base.Results indicate that there are areas of deficit in medical practitioner's knowledge and belief in the principles and methods of orthopaedic manipulative therapy (O.M.T). The traditional method of communication in the form of publications in physiotherapy journals has failed to raise the desired level of awareness.Orthopaedic Manipulative Therapist's (O.M.T's) need to be proactive in developing strategies if they are to create, among medical practitioners, an increasing awareness of the scope and potential benefit of O.M.T.

Results of a Contraceptive Prevalence Survey in Niamey, Niger

A community-based knowledge attitudes and practices survey was conducted among women in Niamey Niger more than 2 years after the initiation of the 1st public-sector family planning program in 1984. Prevalence of modern methods use was 9% among women ages 15-49 and 10% among those currently in a union which may represent 1 of the highest levels in the Sahel. 87% of respondents indicated interest in using family planning in the future. More than 75% of all women of reproductive age knew of at least 1 modern method without promoting. Clearly radio and television have reached a larger proportion of the population with family planning information than the more traditional method of communication the community meeting. Survey and focus group results indicate a general acceptance of birth spacing as well as a need for more personalized communication by program staff. In addition clarification of Islams position on family planning is also necessary. (authors modified)

The present status of non-destructive testing in steel foundries

This paper applies dolphin whistles to covert underwater acoustic (UWA) communication and proposes a UWA communication scheme based on M-ary bionic signal coding. At the transmitter end, the scheme maps multiple information bits into a dolphin whistle through a signal selector. At the receiver end, passive time reversal mirror (PTRM) is used for channel equalization and source information is restored according to the decision of which whistle is transmitted. The scheme has high spread spectrum gain. The anti multi-path performance is greatly improved when using PTRM. Different from traditional covert UWA communication methods, this mimicked signal is unlikely to alert an adversary even in high SNRs because of its real existence in marine environment. A tank experiment is conducted for the scheme, at communication rate of 50 bit/s with SNR −5 dB user information is recovered at a very low bit error rate. The results of tank experiment demonstrate the feasibility of this covert UWA communication scheme.

Coloured acrylic sheet irradiated with ultrasonics

This paper applies dolphin whistles to covert underwater acoustic (UWA) communication and proposes a UWA communication scheme based on M-ary bionic signal coding. At the transmitter end, the scheme maps multiple information bits into a dolphin whistle through a signal selector. At the receiver end, passive time reversal mirror (PTRM) is used for channel equalization and source information is restored according to the decision of which whistle is transmitted. The scheme has high spread spectrum gain. The anti multi-path performance is greatly improved when using PTRM. Different from traditional covert UWA communication methods, this mimicked signal is unlikely to alert an adversary even in high SNRs because of its real existence in marine environment. A tank experiment is conducted for the scheme, at communication rate of 50 bit/s with SNR −5 dB user information is recovered at a very low bit error rate. The results of tank experiment demonstrate the feasibility of this covert UWA communication scheme.

Ultrasonics in communications and production: Mason, W.P.Electronics, 36, No. 42, p. 33 (1963)

This paper applies dolphin whistles to covert underwater acoustic (UWA) communication and proposes a UWA communication scheme based on M-ary bionic signal coding. At the transmitter end, the scheme maps multiple information bits into a dolphin whistle through a signal selector. At the receiver end, passive time reversal mirror (PTRM) is used for channel equalization and source information is restored according to the decision of which whistle is transmitted. The scheme has high spread spectrum gain. The anti multi-path performance is greatly improved when using PTRM. Different from traditional covert UWA communication methods, this mimicked signal is unlikely to alert an adversary even in high SNRs because of its real existence in marine environment. A tank experiment is conducted for the scheme, at communication rate of 50 bit/s with SNR −5 dB user information is recovered at a very low bit error rate. The results of tank experiment demonstrate the feasibility of this covert UWA communication scheme.

Changes in water permeability in the connective tissue in vitro after ultrasonic irradiation: Pospisilova, J., et al. Rehabilitation, 16, No. 2–3, p. 63 (1963)

This paper applies dolphin whistles to covert underwater acoustic (UWA) communication and proposes a UWA communication scheme based on M-ary bionic signal coding. At the transmitter end, the scheme maps multiple information bits into a dolphin whistle through a signal selector. At the receiver end, passive time reversal mirror (PTRM) is used for channel equalization and source information is restored according to the decision of which whistle is transmitted. The scheme has high spread spectrum gain. The anti multi-path performance is greatly improved when using PTRM. Different from traditional covert UWA communication methods, this mimicked signal is unlikely to alert an adversary even in high SNRs because of its real existence in marine environment. A tank experiment is conducted for the scheme, at communication rate of 50 bit/s with SNR −5 dB user information is recovered at a very low bit error rate. The results of tank experiment demonstrate the feasibility of this covert UWA communication scheme.

Ultrasonic image converter: Powers, J.Research and Development, 14, No. 11, p. 24 (1963)

This paper applies dolphin whistles to covert underwater acoustic (UWA) communication and proposes a UWA communication scheme based on M-ary bionic signal coding. At the transmitter end, the scheme maps multiple information bits into a dolphin whistle through a signal selector. At the receiver end, passive time reversal mirror (PTRM) is used for channel equalization and source information is restored according to the decision of which whistle is transmitted. The scheme has high spread spectrum gain. The anti multi-path performance is greatly improved when using PTRM. Different from traditional covert UWA communication methods, this mimicked signal is unlikely to alert an adversary even in high SNRs because of its real existence in marine environment. A tank experiment is conducted for the scheme, at communication rate of 50 bit/s with SNR −5 dB user information is recovered at a very low bit error rate. The results of tank experiment demonstrate the feasibility of this covert UWA communication scheme.