Traditional Chinese Medicine In China Research Articles

A Response to Massimo Bonucci’s Editorial: COVID-19 Outbreak: How to Use Current Knowledge to Better Treat Positive Patients

A Response to Massimo Bonucci’s Editorial: COVID-19 Outbreak: How to Use Current Knowledge to Better Treat Positive Patients

Research progress on potential application of gualou xiebai banxia decoction in prevention and treatment of COVID-19

Since December 2019, COVID-19 cases have appeared in many parts Ofthe world and the number has soared. The epidemic situation is very serious. With the participation ot'traditional Chinese medicine in China, the epidemic prevention and control effect is remarkable, highlighting the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine. The symptoms of severe COVID-19 are very consistent with that of chest discomfort in Chinese medicine. Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction is the first choice for the treatment of chest discomfort. In the diagnosis and treatment programs of COVID-19 in various provinces and cities, it has been recommended to add or subtracted Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction. In clinical practice, XiangYang Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine has added or subtracted Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction to cure many patients with COVID-19. The modern pharmacological effects in Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction are reviewed in this paper. to provide theoretical basis for its prevention and treatment of COVID-19, and to provide clinical reference for the later treatment of COVID-19.

Study on the Antilipidemic Activity of Artemisia Annua Aqueous Extract

Artemisia annua is an annual herb, which is a traditional Chinese medicine in China. The high water soluble artemisinin derivative extracted from Artemisia annua is Artemisia annua water extract. In this experiment, the modeling method is used, and the Artemisia annua water extract is used alone or in combination with other lipid-lowering drugs. Finally, the results showed that the effect of the combination of drugs was better than that of Artemisia annua water extract alone, and the effect of the drug ratio of 1:1 was the best. It can significantly reduce the content of triglyceride in serum and cholesterol, increase the ratio of H/L, and show a good synergistic effect.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae), an herb to treat lumbar tuberculosis in China

Platycladus orientalis belongs to the family Cupressaceae that the branches and leaves is an important Traditional Chinese Medicine in China. In this article, the complete chloroplast genome of P. orientalis was studied and illustrated to add the more genetic information. The chloroplast genome of Platycladus orientalis is 1127,113 bp in length as the circular, which exhibits 120 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes (PCG), 33 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and 4 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). The overall nucleotide composition of chloroplast genome is: 32.1% of A, 33.2% of T, 17.9% of C, 16.8% of G and the total AT content of 65.3% and GC of 34.7%. Phylogenetic relationship shown that Platycladus orientalis is more closely related to Thuja standishii on genetic relationship using the Maximum-Likelihood (ML) method. The chloroplast genome may contribute to the medicinal valuable and evolutionary studies of this species.

Health technology assessment in traditional Chinese medicine in China: current status, opportunities, and challenges

Abstract Objectives The widespread usage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the government's emphasis on TCM in China have created a positive macro-environment and great opportunities to develop and strengthen health technology assessment (HTA) in TCM. Over the past ten years, a series of policies have been issued by the government to promote the application of HTA and the development of TCM in China. This study reviews the concepts and characteristics of TCM, summarizes the current status of HTA in TCM, and analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced by HTA development in TCM with respect to deepening of healthcare reforms. Methods Literature review and website searches were used to acquire information regarding the basic theories of TCM and the current status, opportunities, and challenges for HTA in TCM. Results The number of articles on HTA in TCM rose substantially, especially those published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). With the optimistic policy environment and huge market demand for TCM, the development of HTA in TCM is expected to flourish in China. However, HTA in TCM also faces numerous challenges such as the absence of a clinical efficacy evaluation system for TCM and insufficient basic research evidence and qualified personnel. Conclusions TCM has unique characteristic that distinguishes it from Western medicine. Currently, it is important to take all measures to address the existing main challenges and thereby take advantage of the present opportunities to develop and improve HTA in TCM.

Assesment of Adulterated Traditional Chinese Medicines in China: 2003-2017.

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) represent one form of complementary and alternative medicine. The popularity and complexity in production make them attractive and vulnerable to adulteration in stages ranging from planting to production. Adulteration refers to the addition of extraneous, improper, or inferior ingredients that should not be present in TCMs. To detect and combat adulterated TCMs, supplementary testing methods (STMs), which expand the capability of routine testing standards, have been applied in China since 2003. From 2003 to 2017, a total of 184 STMs for TCMs were approved by the Chinese national drug regulatory authority. By assessing these STMs, this research intends to identify those TCMs vulnerable to adulteration, to list common adulterants, and to characterize the techniques of analysis. The results show that adulteration of TCMs can be classified into three main categories: the addition of undeclared drugs/chemical substances, substitution with non-drug components, and the addition of foreign non-drug materials. The top five therapeutic areas of TCMs vulnerable to adulteration are diabetes, calm and sleep, sexual dysfunction, pain relief, and rheumatism. A total of 166 adulterants were detected in the adulterated TCM preparations and herbal products studied here, with 158 adulterants in TCM preparations and 43 in herbal products, with 35 adulterants in common. Each STM consists of different pharmaceutical analysis techniques, including tests for physical-chemical properties, chromatography, spectroscopic techniques, and mass spectrometry. The analytical methodology of STMs relies on the combination of these techniques, with HPLC ranking the highest percentage (76.1%) and physical-chemical techniques the lowest percentage (11.4%). This research shows that STMs have played a crucial role in combating adulterated TCMs. However, STMs represent merely a product testing-centered regulatory strategy. The inspection of cultivation and manufacturing processes should also be strengthened. More importantly, the awareness and self-discipline of TCM manufacturers in implementing good manufacturing practices and regulating the planting and cultivation of raw materials should be improved.

The traditional Chinese medicine health-care workforce in mainland China: 10-year trend analysis of nationwide data

BackgroundChina's most recent and ambitious national health-care system development strategies have explicitly emphasized the importance of strengthening traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) health-care services. This study aims to provide new insights into the current situation and challenges in TCM in China by evaluating 10-year trends in the nationwide TCM health-care workforce in China. MethodsWe extracted health-care statistics on the numbers of board-certified TCM and non-TCM physicians and annual population demographic data from the National Health Commission of China and annual population demographic data from the Chinese National Bureau of Statistics. Data covered all of the 31 provincial-level (also known as first-level) administrative divisions in mainland China, except for Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. FindingsFrom 2007 to 2016, the number of board-certified non-TCM physicians per 10 000 residents increased (from 13·66 to 19·59 nationwide; 15·30 to 21·55 in eastern China; 12·99 to 18·90 in central China; and 12·93 to 17·56 in western China). However, the number of board-certified TCM physicians per 10 000 residents increased from 1·57 to 3·49 nationwide, a growth that outpaced that of physicians of all other specialties. Regional variation was observed, with greater growth in western China (1·35 to 3·93) than in eastern and central China (1·78 to 3·57, and 1·59 to 3·00, respectively). The nationwide number of board-certified TCM physicians working in primary health-care settings per 10 000 residents increased (0·39 to 1·34) with a growth rate that was higher than that of primary health-care physicians of all other specialties together (5·12 to 6·94). InterpretationTasks that strengthen the TCM service capacity are a vital component of the ambitious blueprint for Healthy China 2030 and for China's ongoing long-term medical reform. Our findings reveal a continued strong 10-year growth in the ratio of board-certified TCM physicians to residents in both overall and primary health-care systems across all regions of China, indicating potential for substantial improvement in nationwide TCM health-care access. The regional variation in the distribution of the TCM health-care workforce is less than that of other specialties. The TCM primary health-care workforce has been greatly strengthened over the past decade, but the much slower relative increase in non-TCM primary health-care physicians compared with TCM primary health-care physicians merits attention. FundingNone.

Science communication activism: Protesting Traditional Chinese Medicine in China.

This article investigates how activists use science communication to protest the regulation and use of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China. The article reports on a participant observation study of the motivations of the activists as well as the form and content of their activities. The article hereby questions the apparently close links between the systems of state and science in China. It also points to different configurations of the relationship between scientists, activists, science communication and publics than what has been common in analyses of science communication and activism in Western countries.

Safety analysis of anti-radiation-induced injury drug of Andorin capsule——based on real-world big data research

Objective To retrospectively analyze the safety of anti-radiation injury drug of Andorin using real-world big data. Methods A total of 87 053 hospitalized cancer patients receiving radiotherapy from 2015 to 2017 were analyzed. Ten medical institutions with the largest number of patients treated with Andorin capsules were screened. Patients with 5 types of cancer including lung cancer, cervical cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, breast cancer and colorectal cancer with/without use of Andorin capsule were subject to propensity score matching (PSM). The safety of Andorin capsule as an adjuvant drug in the radiotherapy for cancer patients was evaluated by the results of blood biochemical detection and liver and kidney function test. Results In the relevant indexes of liver function, the AST and TBIL levels in the lung cancer patients with use of Andorin capsule were significantly lower than those in their counterparts without use of Andorin capsule (22.1 U/L vs.24.7 U/L, P=0.04 and 9.8 mmol/L vs.11.4 μmol/L, P=0.01), but all the results were within the normal range. In patients with cervical cancer, the ALT level in patients treated with Andorin capsule was considerably higher than that in those without use of Andorin capsule (24.7 U/L vs.21.1 U/L, P=0.01) and both the results were within the normal range. In terms of the renal function-related indexes, CRE and UREA were similar between patients with and without use of Andorin capsule in 5 types of tumors (P=0.09-0.86). In patients with cervical and colorectal cancer, the LDH in patients with Andorin capsule was significantly lower compared with that in those without use of Andorin capsule (P=0.04, 0.00), but both the results were within the normal range. Regarding the nutrition-related indexes, the TB level in breast cancer patients with use of Andorin capsule was significantly higher than that in those without use of Andorin capsule (69.4 g/L vs.67.1 g/L, P=0.030), but both the results were within the normal range. Conclusion As the first anti-radiation traditional Chinese medicine in China, Andorin capsule is utilized as an adjuvant drug for radiotherapy, which yields no significant liver and kidney toxicity and possesses high safety. Key words: Malignant neoplasm/radiotherapy; Radiation-induced injury; Anduorin

The complete chloroplast genome of Aucuba obcordata (Rehder) Fu ex W. K. Hu et Soong (Garryaceae) from China

Aucuba obcordata is an endemic species and traditional Chinese medicine in China. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of A. obcordata was generated by de novo assembly using whole genome next generation sequencing. The complete chloroplast genome was 157,993 bp in length, contained four parts: a large single copy (LSC) region of 87317 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 18483 bp, and two inverted repeat (IRs) regions of 26,094 bp each. The genome annotation contained a total of 113 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. The overall GC content was 37.8%. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genomes clustered A. obcordata with Eucommia ulmoides Oliver.

Structural characterization of a galactan from Dioscorea opposita Thunb. and its bioactivity on selected Bacteroides strains from human gut microbiota

Dioscorea opposita Thunb. is widely used as functional foods and traditional Chinese medicine in China for its activity of regulating function of spleen and stomach. Polysaccharides may contribute to the function of regulation. To investigate structure features and bioactivities of polysaccharides from D. opposita, the rhizome of D. opposita was extracted with boiling water, yielding crude polysaccharides DOP. A novel polysaccharide named DOP0.1-S-1 was isolated from DOP by further purification. The average molecular weight of DOP0.1-S-1 was 10,000 Da and the range was around 12,000 –1,200 Da. The carbohydrate content of DOP0.1-S-1 was 100% and no protein was detected. The monosaccharide analysis showed that DOP0.1-S-1 was mostly composed of galactose. Methylation and NMR spectra analysis indicated that DOP0.1-S-1 was a 1,4-β-galactan. Bioactivity test showed that DOP0.1-S-1 could promote the growth of B. thetaiotaomicron and B. ovatus and produce the short-chain fatty acids during the utilization of the polysaccharide.

Considerations for the Quality Control of Newly Registered Traditional Chinese Medicine in China: A Review.

Background: The quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been essential for the development of TCM industry. In recent years, with the acceleration of TCM modernization, research on the quality control of TCM has reached a higher level. Objective: This article suggested a comprehensive approach to the quality control of TCM and proposed specific requirements for the quality control of newly registered TCM in various phases of development. Method: The views in this article are mainly derived from the laws and regulations of China and the authors' experiences. Results: It pointed out that the investigation on the quality control of TCM should be led by Chinese traditional medicine theory and guided by the clinical value. Moreover, it should follow the basic principle of "quality by design" and in-process control to establish a quality control system that embodies the characteristics of TCM and accurately reflects the safety, efficacy, and quality consistency. Given that TCM is a natural resource-dependent industry, the quality control of TCM should also focus on the protection and sustainable use of resources. Conclusions: TCM quality control should organically combine Chinese traditional medicine theory with modern science and technology, be guided by clinical value, pay attention to the protection and sustainable use of resources, fully embody the characteristics of quality by design (QbD) and in-process quality control, and gradually establish a quality control system in accordance with the features of Chinese traditional medicine. Highlights: The article has guiding significance for the research and development of newly registered TCM.

The experience of the Brazilian Ministry of Health with databases and research possibilities integrative medicine public health services

COVID-19 sparked a pandemic in December 2019 and is currently posing a huge impact globally. Chinese herbal medicine is incorporated into the Chinese national guideline for COVID-19 management, emphasising the individualisation of herbal treatment guided by pattern differentiation, which is an ICD-11-endorsed approach. However, this was not widely implemented with many provincial governments and hospitals developing their own guideline, suggesting the use of standardised herbal formulae and herbal active ingredients without pattern differentiation.Through the case study of COVID-19 guideline implementation, we compared the three approaches of developing Chinese herbal medicine, namely pattern differentiation-guided prescription, standardised herbal formulae, and herbal active ingredients, in terms of their strengths, limitations, and determinants of adoption.Pattern differentiation-guided prescription is the practice style taught in the national syllabus among universities of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China, yet the lack of relevant diagnostic research reduces its reliability and hinders its implementation. Application of standardised herbal formulae is straightforward since the majority of clinical evidence on Chinese herbal medicine is generated using this approach. Nevertheless, it is downplayed by regulatory bodies in certain jurisdictions where the use of pattern differentiation is required in routine practice. Although herbal active ingredients may have clear in vitro therapeutic mechanisms, this may not be translated into real world clinical effectiveness.Multiple COVID-19 clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine prescribed using one of the three approaches described above are progressing. These results will demonstrate the comparative effectiveness among these approaches. Forthcoming clinical evidence from these trials should inform the updating process of the national guideline, such that its recognition and compliance may be strengthened. For longer-term development Chinese herbal medicine, serious investment for establishing high-quality clinical research infrastructure is urgently needed.

Disease Specific Updates in Integrative Oncology - Lung Cancer

COVID-19 sparked a pandemic in December 2019 and is currently posing a huge impact globally. Chinese herbal medicine is incorporated into the Chinese national guideline for COVID-19 management, emphasising the individualisation of herbal treatment guided by pattern differentiation, which is an ICD-11-endorsed approach. However, this was not widely implemented with many provincial governments and hospitals developing their own guideline, suggesting the use of standardised herbal formulae and herbal active ingredients without pattern differentiation.Through the case study of COVID-19 guideline implementation, we compared the three approaches of developing Chinese herbal medicine, namely pattern differentiation-guided prescription, standardised herbal formulae, and herbal active ingredients, in terms of their strengths, limitations, and determinants of adoption.Pattern differentiation-guided prescription is the practice style taught in the national syllabus among universities of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China, yet the lack of relevant diagnostic research reduces its reliability and hinders its implementation. Application of standardised herbal formulae is straightforward since the majority of clinical evidence on Chinese herbal medicine is generated using this approach. Nevertheless, it is downplayed by regulatory bodies in certain jurisdictions where the use of pattern differentiation is required in routine practice. Although herbal active ingredients may have clear in vitro therapeutic mechanisms, this may not be translated into real world clinical effectiveness.Multiple COVID-19 clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine prescribed using one of the three approaches described above are progressing. These results will demonstrate the comparative effectiveness among these approaches. Forthcoming clinical evidence from these trials should inform the updating process of the national guideline, such that its recognition and compliance may be strengthened. For longer-term development Chinese herbal medicine, serious investment for establishing high-quality clinical research infrastructure is urgently needed.

Key stakeholders’ perspectives on pharmacy practice about traditional Chinese medicines in China

Key stakeholders’ perspectives on pharmacy practice about traditional Chinese medicines in China

Inequalities in the geographic distribution of hospital beds and doctors in traditional Chinese medicine from 2004 to 2014

ObjectivesThis study identifies inequities in the provincial-level geographical distribution of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) hospital beds and doctors in China from 2004 to 2014. This provides policy implications of the optimal allocation of TCM health care resources.MethodsOur study used province level data on TCM hospital beds and doctors from 2004 to 2014. These data were obtained from the China TCM Yearbook 2004–2014 and the China Statistical Yearbook 2004–2014.Global and local spatial autocorrelation was performed by using Moran’s index and the local Moran’s index to describe the spatial distribution of TCM hospital beds (doctors) as well as their density. A Gini coefficient was used to estimate inequalities in the geographic distribution of TCM hospital beds (doctors) based on their density. Correlations of the Gini coefficients between TCM hospital beds and doctors were calculated by Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsAll indicators of TCM hospital beds and doctor density have increased over the past 11 years. The number of TCM hospital beds per 10,000 populations increased the fastest. Geographical clustering was not obvious in the density distribution of TCM hospital beds or doctors, as no significant spatial autocorrelation was found. Gini coefficients showed that from 2004 to 2014 the distribution of TCM hospital beds per 10,000 population and doctors per 10,000 populations were equitable between different regions. A large gap existed in the distribution inequality of TCM hospital beds (doctors) per square kilometer among different regions.ConclusionTargeted health policy with equitable distribution of TCM hospital beds (doctors) per square kilometer and the balance and coordination of related resources should be a priority in shaping China’s healthcare system reform.

Effect of long-term intake of ginseng extracts on gut microbiota in rats

As a traditional Chinese medicine in China, ginseng has a wide range of medicinal and health value. At present, the nutritional value of ginseng as a medicinal food has been a hotspot in studies. Intestinal flora plays an important role in the organism, which has been confirmed by many researchers. In order to find out the effect of long-term intake of ginseng extracts on the gut microbiota structure of rats, MiSeq sequencing platform was applied in macro gene sequencing of cecal contents in the long-term use of ginseng extracts modelin rats. According to the findings, after long-term administration with ginseng extracts, probiotics such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Allobaculum and Clostridium, in the intestinal flora of rats were significantly increased, suggesting that long-term intake of ginseng extracts could facilitate the growth of probiotics. Meanwhile, some pathogenic bacteria, such as Butyricimonas, Parabacteroides, Alistipes, Helicobacter, were significantly down-regulated, indicating that long-term intake of ginseng extracts may have a positive effect in inhibiting the colonization of pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, this study provided an important basis for the research on the effect of long-term use of ginseng extracts on the intestinal flora of rats.

Simultaneous quantification of Schisandrin B enantiomers in rat plasma by chiral LC–MS/MS: Application in a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study

Schisandrin B (Sch B) has received much attention owing to its various biological activities. Schisandrin B exists as a racemate in “wuweizi”, a traditional Chinese medicine in China. In the present study, a novel chiral LC–MS/MS method was developed for enantioselective separation and determination of Schisandrin B in rat plasma. The plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Schisandrol B was used as internal standard. Chiral separation was obtained on a Chiralpak IC column using 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in mixture of methanol and water (90:10, v/v) as a mobile phase. Parameters including the selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were evaluated. The method described here is simple and reproducible. The lower limit of quantification of 5.0 ng/mL for each Sch B enantiomer permits the use of the method in investigating the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of Sch B. Following racemic Sch B and “wuweizi” extracts, the area under the curve of (8R, 8′S)-Sch B was statistically higher than the one of (8S, 8′ R)-Sch B, with a ratio of 1.16–1.40 in three cases. This study firstly reports the development and validation of enantioselective behavior of Sch B in vivo, and provides a reference for clinical practice and encourages further research into Sch B enantioselective metabolism and drug interactions.

Twists, turns and trade: A new look at the Indian Screw tree (Helicteres isora)

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThis is the first study of global trade in fruits of the widely used traditional medicine, Helicteres isora L. It is used in Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani medical systems and/or local folk traditional medicines in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. The roots are used in Traditional Chinese Medicines in China and the fruits in jamu products in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. In addition, H. isora fruits are also used in "traditional" medical systems far beyond the natural distribution of this species, for example in Zulu herbal medicine (South Africa) and Kurdish herbal medicines (Iraq). Aims of the studyThis study had three aims: (i) to assess the global trade in H. isora fruits; (ii) to study the H. isora trade from West Timor to Java in terms of actors and prices along the value chain and (iii) to get a better understanding of the potential of this species to improve household income in eastern Indonesia. Materials and methodsThis study uses historical records, a contemporary analysis of global trade data (2014–2016) and field assessments of value chains and the biological factors influencing H. isora fruit production. ResultsGlobally, the major exporter of H. isora fruits is India, which exports H. isora fruits to 19 countries, far beyond the natural geographical distribution of this species. Over a 36-month period (January 2014–December 2016), India exported 392 t of H. isora fruits, with a Free-On-Board (FOB) value of Indian rupiah (INR) 18,337,000 (US$ 274,055). This represents an average annual export quantity of about 130,526 kg/year. Over this three year period, most of these exports (85.5%) were to Indonesia (346.58 t), followed by Thailand (6.85%). Indian H. isora exports are also used in many other medical systems, including Kurdish and Zulu “traditional” medicines in Iraq and South Africa. Formation of an Indian diaspora in Bahrain, Mauritius, South Africa, Tanzania and Trinidad and Tobago over the past 130 years is one of the drivers of H. isora fruit trade outside the natural geographic distribution of the species. In Indonesia, demand for H. isora fruits is supplemented by an intra-island trade in Java and an inter-island trade from East Nusa Tenggara. West Timor, for example, exports around 31–37 t of air-dried H. isora fruits per year to Java. At the farm gate, local harvesters in West Timor get 4000 IDR (c. 0.3 US$) per kg, with businesses in Java paying 25,000 IDR (c.US$2) per kg for H. isora fruits. This is similar to the price paid for H. isora fruits imported from India to Java. ConclusionsIndia is the major exporter of whole dried H. isora fruits, including to countries where this species has never been in traditional use. In Indonesia, H. isora fruit extracts are used in the cosmetic industry as well as in jamu herbal medicines, including “Tolak Angin”, the country's most popular commercial “jamu” preparation. Indonesia also is the major importer of H. isora fruits from India. In eastern Indonesia, improved income to local villagers from the H. isora fruit trade could come from improved H. isora fruit quality due to better drying techniques. This would also reduce health risks along the supply chain from to mycotoxins that have been recorded on poorly dried H. isora fruits. There also is an opportunity for cultivation of H. isora in small-holder teak plantations in Indonesia, with harvest of H. isora fruits as well as the medicinal bark.

Authenticity identification and classification of Rhodiola species in traditional Tibetan medicine based on Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics analysis

Rhodiola is an increasingly widely used traditional Tibetan medicine and traditional Chinese medicine in China. The composition profiles of bioactive compounds are somewhat jagged according to different species, which makes it crucial to identify authentic Rhodiola species accurately so as to ensure clinical application of Rhodiola. In this paper, a nondestructive, rapid, and efficient method in classification of Rhodiola was developed by Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics analysis. A total of 160 batches of raw spectra were obtained from four different species of Rhodiola by FT-NIR, such as Rhodiola crenulata, Rhodiola fastigiata, Rhodiola kirilowii, and Rhodiola brevipetiolata. After excluding the outliers, different performances of 3 sample dividing methods, 12 spectral preprocessing methods, 2 wavelength selection methods, and 2 modeling evaluation methods were compared. The results indicated that this combination was superior than others in the authenticity identification analysis, which was FT-NIR combined with sample set partitioning based on joint x-y distances (SPXY), standard normal variate transformation (SNV) + Norris-Williams (NW) + 2nd derivative, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), and kernel extreme learning machine (KELM). The accuracy (ACCU), sensitivity (SENS), and specificity (SPEC) of the optimal model were all 1, which showed that this combination of FT-NIR and chemometrics methods had the optimal authenticity identification performance. The classification performance of the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was slightly lower than KELM model, and PLS-DA model results were ACCU = 0.97, SENS = 0.93, and SPEC = 0.98, respectively. It can be concluded that FT-NIR combined with chemometrics analysis has great potential in authenticity identification and classification of Rhodiola, which can provide a valuable reference for the safety and effectiveness of clinical application of Rhodiola.