In 10- to 16-year-old children, inhabitants of industrial towns of Ukraine, an X-ray fluorescence analysis of the content of some chemical elements in hair samples allowed us to find a deficiency of Zn and Cu against the background of excesses of Ca, Cr, Ni, Mo, and Cd. Comparison of the parameters of EEG frequency components and levels of Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Sr, Pb, and Cd showed that there are significant correlations between the normalized values of spectral powers of many frequency components of the ongoing EEG recorded in different functional states (eyes closed/open, solving an arithmetic task, and phono-/photostimulation) and concentrations of ten of the above-mentioned trace elements. Comparative estimation of the neurotropicity of the elements showed the following sequence of numbers of significant correlations (shown in parentheses) from the total set of possible comparisons: Cd (35) > Ni (31) > Cr (19) > Sr (17) > Pb (16) > > Ca (10) > Cu (7) > Mo (3) > Zn (2) > Fe (1). The intensity of correlations (values of the correlation coefficients) varied from 0.26 to 0.42 at 0.05 < P < 0.001; more frequently, such correlations were observed under conditions of EEG recording with the eyes closed (39) and upon solving an arithmetic task (33).