Tourism Sub-sectors Research Articles

Carbon footprint gap due to international tourism in Turkiye based on tourism subsectors

Carbon footprint gap due to international tourism in Turkiye based on tourism subsectors

Strategi Pengembangan Ekonomi Kreatif pada Subsektor Wisata Kuliner Berbasis Kearifan Lokal di Kota Sampang

The creative economy has become one of the fastest growing sectors in Indonesia, making a significant contribution to the local economy. Culinary tourism, one of the sub-sectors of the creative economy, plays a major role with the potential for developing culinary tourism based on local wisdom in various regions, including Sampang, Madura. This study aims to determine the problems being faced, and how the creative economy development strategy is in the culinary tourism sub-sector based on local wisdom in the city of Sampang. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive research method. The findings of this study are expected to help formulate an effective strategy to strengthen the creative economy in Sampang in the culinary tourism sub-sector. The results of the study show that the problems faced by culinary entrepreneurs based on local wisdom in the city of Sampang include the lack of innovation in product development and interior design, the lack of optimal use of technology as a promotional medium, and the limited number of skilled human resources. The development strategy carried out by innovating in product packaging and taste, maintaining product uniqueness, maintaining product authenticity, while creating new innovations in presentation and packaging.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Intellectual Capital Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Hotel, Restoran dan Pariwisata yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

This study aims to determine the factors that can affect Intellectual Capital, using the variables Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), Value Added Capital Employee (VACA) and Structural Capital Value Added (STVA). The number of samples used in the study using the purposive sampling method were 22 companies in the hotel, restaurant and tourism sub-sector that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022. The type of data used is secondary in the form of published financial reports, and the data is analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the variables Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), Value Added Capital Employee (VACA) and Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) have a significant effect on Net Profit Margin (NPM).

PENGARUH CURRENT RATIO, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, NET PROFIT MARGIN DAN EARNING PER SHARE TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Hotel, Restoran dan Pariwisata Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2019-2023)

This study analyzes the association between stock prices and several financial metrics, including the present ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, net profit margin, and earnings per share. The study's population consisted of fifty enterprises from the hotel, restaurant, and tourism subsector that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2019 and 2023. The study's sample of seventeen firms was selected with purposive sampling technique. The inquiry covered the years 2019–2023, all included. The method of choice for the inquiry was multiple linear regression analysis in SPSS version 22. The results showed that the stock price had significant relationship with the debt-to-equity ratio and had no significant current ratio, net profit margin, or earnings per share.

Global Climate Resources and Climate Change for Beach Tourism (1950‐2019)

Climate is a primary determinant of tourism and recreational decisions. According to climate resource perspective–the study’s theoretical perspective–climate resources are meteorological variables of confirmable consequence to firm performance. Climate resources can be quantified using climate indices, or equations that variably weight meteorological variables that influence tourist decisions. To date, researchers have yet to calculate climate resources at the global scale using an index formulated for beach tourism, a subsector of marine tourism. We address this research gap, calculating the Holiday Climate Index (HCI)-beach globally from 1950 to 2019. The HCI-beach was formulated based on beach tourist surveys, an extensive literature review, and has been validated as the best‐fit index for beach tourism. Study findings (1) quantify ideal and unacceptable conditions for beach tourism globally, and (2) identify geographies with significant HCI‐beach changes over the span of 70 years (i.e., climate change). Findings contribute to the resource heterogeneity of climate resource perspective.

Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Listed BEI 2018-2022: Peran Moderasi Struktur Modal, Size, Profitabilitas

This research aims to examine the effect of dividend policy on company value and examine the effect of dividend policy on company value which is moderated by capital structure, company size and profitability. The population of this research is hotels, restaurants and tourism sub-sector companies listed on the IDX with a research period of 2018-2022. The number of samples is 4 companies with total data of 20 observations. The data source uses secondary data, namely in the form of company annual reports which can be accessed via the website www.idx.co.id. The data analysis technique uses SEM PLS analysis, with the help of Smart-PLS version 3. Conclusions from this research (1) Dividend policy has a positive and significant effect on company value in hotel, restaurant and tourism sub-sector companies listed on the BEI for the 2018-2022 period. (2) Capital structure cannot moderate the influence of dividend policy on company value. (3) Company size cannot moderate the influence of dividend policy on company value (4) Profitability cannot moderate the influence of dividend policy on company value.

The Analysis of Financial Performance of Tourism Sector Company Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of the hotel, restaurant, and tourism sub-sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Financial performance is measured by using the ratio of liquidity (CR), solvency, activity (DER), activity ratio (TATO), and profitability (ROA). The data used are secondary data obtained from the official website of IDX in 2018-2021. The population of this study is 38 companies and the number of research samples is 26 companies, which were obtained through purposive sampling in 2018-2021. The analytical method used is descriptive statistical test, data normality test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results of this study show that CR and DER both increased during the pandemic compared to before, while TATO and ROA decreased. The decline in TATO is attributed to inefficient asset allocation, and the lower ROA is due to ongoing operating costs during the pandemic. In summary, there are differences in CR, DER, TATO, and ROA of hotel, restaurant, and tourism subsector companies that are listed on the IDX between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Comparison Analysis of Financial Performance and Financial Distress before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The purpose study was to analyze a comparison of financial performance and financial distress before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Hotel, Restaurant, and Tourism sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. In this study, a comparative descriptive method was used with a quantitative approach to test the impact of Covid-19 on financial performance and financial distress. The final sample of this study was 19 companies based on the elimination of the criteria that were only needed in this study. The proxies used to measure financial performance are profitability ratios (ROA, ROE, and NPM), while financial distress uses the Altman Z-Score model. Furthermore, these ratios were tested with a different test using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. The results showed that there were significant differences in the ratios of financial performance which included ROA, ROE, and NPM. Meanwhile, financial distress (Z-Score) also experienced significant differences between before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The Effect Of Retrenchment Policy On Financial Recovery Of Hospitality, Restaurant and Tourism Sub-Sector Companies During The Covid-19 Pandemic

The purpose of this study is to investigate how retrenchment practices affected the company's ability to recover financially from the Covid-19 pandemic in the years 2020–2022. The population in this study were all (41) hotel, restaurant and tourism sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a research sample of 27 companies. Logistic regression analysis was employed as the data analysis technique in this study. The return on assets change index is used to quantify the financial recovery. The assets retrenchment variable is measured using the assets retrenchment ratio formula and the expenses retrenchment variable is measured using the expenses retrenchment ratio formula. Meanwhile, the downscoping variable is measured using the Herfindahl index. The results of this study indicate that assets retrenchment and expenses retrenchment have no effect on financial recovery. Meanwhile, downscoping has an effect on financial recovery.

Pengaruh Leverage, Likuiditas, dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Sub Sektor Hotel, Restoran, dan Pariwisata

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of leverage, liquidity and profitability on company value. The population in this research is hotels, restaurants and tourism sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2019-2022. The samples obtained were 120 companies using purposive sampling. The analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The data was processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 application. The results of this research show that leverage has an effect on company value. Meanwhile, liquidity and profitability have no effect on company value.

The Effect of Leverage, Profitability, Liquidity, and Firm Size on Earnings Quality (Empirical Study on the Hotel Sub-Sector Service Company, Restaurant & Tourism on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2020)

Earnings quality reflects how much the company's profits are presented in accordance with the company's circumstances in that year. The better disclosure is done by the company would affect greater quality of profits owned by the company. This caused by the concept of transparency. Segment information is needed by users of financial statements to see the economic characteristics of each segment within the company. The dependent variable in this study is earnings quality, the independent variables are leverage, profitability, liquidity, and company’s size. This research is a type of quantitative research using companies’ financial statements. Total samples collected are 70 financial statements comes from 14 company. The sampling method is purposive sampling method. The results of this study indicate that leverage, profitability, and firm size partially affect earnings quality. Meanwhile, liquidity has no effect on earnings quality. The leverage, profitability, liquidity, and company size simultaneously affect the earnings quality in the hotel, restaurant and tourism sub-sectors listed on the IDX for the 2016-2020 period.

CONTENTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL TOUR AND FEATURES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT

This article examines the content of the educational tour and the features of its development. The relevance of solving the problems of formation and strategic development of the international educational tourism industry as a structural component of the service sector, the formation of economic market actors as active participants in the socio-economic processes of the national economy is increasing in the context of globalization of international relations, internationalization of education at the national, sectoral and institutional levels in conditions of increasing complexity of the content of the component of competition in the international market educational tourism. Educational tourism is a fast–growing branch of the tourism economy, which is gaining recognition all over the world. Many researchers consider it one of the leading and most promising sub-sectors of tourism. The specificity of educational tourism, manifested in the special nature of demand, pronounced seasonal fluctuations, diversification of tourist products and hospitality services, low susceptibility to crises and socio-political upheavals, dynamically developing customer requests, requires detailed study and development of theoretical approaches, methodological and systematic approaches to improving the interaction of all its participants. Various approaches to segmentation of the international educational tourism market and the development of segment profiles, the creation and application of strategies for effective partnership of market entities based on the concept of customer-oriented business, expressed in increasing customer satisfaction, forming consumer loyalty in the international educational market. the tourist market requires systematization and optimization. In this regard, research aimed at improving these important parameters is certainly relevant.

National tourism organizations and climate change

There is a consensus that the global tourism system needs to undergo decarbonization and achieve net-zero emissions by mid-century. However, given the anticipated growth in the most energy-intensive subsector of tourism, air transport, achieving this goal seems unlikely. This paper focuses on the role of distance in the global geography of tourism, against evidence that National Marketing Organizations (NTOs) often seek to attract visitors from all over the world. The analysis of data for a sample of 12 NTOs in Europe, the USA and Canada reveals that the number of markets targeted varies between six and 33, with significant differences in the average distance to markets (<4,000 to 8,000 km), as well as emissions per arrival by market (0.2 t CO2 to 2.5 t CO2). For the countries studied, the 17% of the most distant arrivals cause 62% of the emissions. Results also show that more distant markets are more sensitive to disruptions such as COVID-19. These findings have relevance for destination marketing that point to new climate change related roles for NTOs such as rebranding, demarketing, market segmentation, and communication.

VIRTUAL REALITY-BASED DIGITAL MARKETING DEVELOPMENT TRAINING FOR THE TOURISM AWARENESS GROUP OF TROWULAN TOURISM VILLAGE, MOJOKERTO REGENCY

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the tourism industry since its emergence in late 2019. Visitor restrictions have led to a significant decline in activity across various sub-sectors of tourism, and prospective travelers have experienced burnout due to isolation. In such a situation, the digital industry has emerged as a rapid and interim solution. One intriguing digital technology that has garnered attention is Virtual Reality (VR). These efforts have been undertaken to ensure the sustainability of tourism destinations, and VR technology has piqued the interest of potential tourists. Despite its effective role in virtual promotion and learning, particularly for cultural heritage and archaeological sites like the Trowulan Site, stakeholders need to be supported through education on immersive technologies such as VR and their utilization in tourism and education, especially in the field of history. The adoption of VR technology in tourism destinations has experienced significant growth, but issues have arisen due to the lack of Human Resources (HR) related to VR Tourism content creation. As a result, the presentation of VR Tourism experiences has been delayed in terms of content updates, which can have a detrimental impact on the image of the tourism destination, potentially undermining its full potential. Awareness of this issue has been recognized by the Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) Ladewa, a stakeholder involved in the management of tourism destinations and travel packages in the Trowulan region. To address this issue, a proposed solution involves training related to VR Tourism and Social Media Content Creation as part of the digital marketing strategy for the tourism destination. This training will primarily focus on tourism themes with a sub-theme of enhancing the capacity of the Tourism Awareness Group (POKDARWIS) LADEWA.

Analysis Of The Influence Of The Tourism Sector On Pad Of The Tourism Sub-Sector In The District/City Of The Special Region Of Yogyakarta (2013-2021)

This research aims to analyze the influence of the number of tourist visits, the number of tourist attractions, and the number of non-star hotels on the Regional Original Income of the Tourism Sub Sector in the Districts/Cities of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province in 2013-2021. This research is based on secondary data, namely the number of tourist visits, number of tourist attractions, and local revenue from the tourism sub-sector which is available in the Tourism Statistics of the Yogyakarta Special Region Tourism Office in 2013-2021 as well as the number of non-star hotels available in the Central Statistics Agency in 2013-2021. The analytical tool used is Panel Data Regression with the Random Effect Model (REM) approach. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the variables number of tourist visits and number of non-star hotels have a significant and positive influence on local revenue in the tourism sub-sector. Meanwhile, the number of tourist attractions has no effect on the local revenue of the tourism sub-sector.

Developing Micro-Enterprises Based on Traditional Culinary in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic Disruption: Insights from Indonesia

The research aimed to develop a micro-enterprise business strategy in the traditional culinary field suitable for implementation during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Like many other business processes, traditional culinary micro-enterprises tourism sub-sectors in Indonesia have been affected by government policies for the last two years to curb the spread of COVID-19. However, the pandemic policy has a positive side. Business actors were forced to maximize their ability to innovate by transforming business strategies adaptable to conditions and changes in consumer behavior due to the pandemic. The qualitative approach using the library research data collection method was used in this study. The findings show that a micro business strategy appropriate during a pandemic in the traditional culinary field is characterized by three elements: locally sourcing ingredients and materials, using local traditional recipes, and the production process carried out according to local community cultural methods. This will be a form of empowerment based on locally available resources. This service concept can utilize digital technology support in product promotion, ordering, and distribution while adhering to strict health protocol standards. The theoretical implications resulting from the research can contribute to science in the field of tourism, especially those related to traditional food and beverage businesses. This study's importance lies in its practical relevance to traditional culinary micro-enterprises during situations similar to the COVID-19 pandemic, its emphasis on local empowerment and sustainability, and its integration of digital technology. The study will expand new business model for traditional culinary micro-enterprises that can be implemented during the pandemic.

Employment Adjustment During the Initial Outbreak of COVID-19: Empirical Evidence from Tourism Workers in Bhutan

Even though quantifying the impacts of COVID-19 on jobs and employment has been studied in recent literature worldwide, not much research has attempted to investigate the impacts in terms of employment adjustment, especially during the initial outbreak of the pandemic. Using secondary survey data of 1,320 employees working in the tourism sector in Bhutan as a case study, our multinomial logit model estimations show that female workers were among the most vulnerable group to be asked to reduce some benefits from work, to receive only a partial salary or to leave without pay during the initial outbreak. However, when the situation became more severe (resulting in the laying off of employees), the tourism sector in Bhutan laid off male workers also. Negative impacts on their employment were likely to be found among workers with higher education, the relatively young and married workers. In addition, employment adjustments were also found to vary by tourism sub-sector during initial outbreaks. Workers in the entertainment sector seemed to experience the smallest hit from the initial outbreak since they still received some partial payments or were asked to only temporarily leave their jobs without receiving payment. Some sectors, especially tour guides, tour operations, river rafting and land transport, however, had to lay off their workers during the initial outbreak as those businesses rely mostly on international tourists. This study also discusses the policy recommendations to ensure employment stability during such a crisis in the future. JEL Codes: J23, M51, Z39

The Influence Current Ratio, Return on Equity and Debt to Equity Ratio toward Price Book Value

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of Current Ratio, Return on Equity and Debt to Equity Ratio on Price to Book Value in service companies in the Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism sub-sector which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017- 2021 period. This study uses the theory of Financial Management related to the current ratio, Return On Equity debt to equity ratio and Price to Book Value. The approach used in this study is to use an associative approach and the type of data used is quantitative. The population in this study were 49 service companies in the hotel, restaurant and tourism sub-sector. The number of samples is 13 service companies in the Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism sub-sector using pure positive sampling technique. The data analysis method used multiple linear regression analysis techniques, with the SPSS 27.0 application tool. The results showed that the current ratio has a negative and insignificant effect on Price to Book Value, Return on Equity has a positive and significant effect on Price to Book Value and the Debt to equity ratio has a negative and insignificant effect on Price to Book Value, in Service companies in the Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism sub-sector which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.&#x0D; Keywords : Current Ratio, Return on Equity, Debt To Equity Ratio, Price to Book Value.

Earnings Management Before, During and After Covid-19 Period in the Hotels and Tourism Subsector Subsector Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange

Covid-19 has an impact on the decline in firms performance. Several previous studies have found that companies strive to sustain performance through earnings management practices. Earnings management that can be performed in a company includes accrued earnings management and real earnings management. Previous studies have only focused on the differences in earnings management during the pandemic using accrual earnings management. So that in this study, apart from using accrual earnings management, it also adds real earnings management. This study aims to offer empirical insight into variations in earnings management during the Covid-19 period. This duration is divided into three distinct phases: pre, during, and post-Covid. Focusing on the 2017-2022 timeframe, this study specifically examines companies in the hotels and tourism subsector. The hypothesis was tested with a paired sample t-test. The findings showed no disparity in accruals earnings management in the pre, during, and post-Covid periods. However, the analysis showed significant differences in abnormal real earnings management related to production and discretionary factors before, during, and after the Covid-19 outbreak. Notably, abnormal real earnings management in production remains consistent before and after, as well as during and after the pandemic. In addition, discretionary abnormal real earnings management shows no difference before and during Covid-19 or during and after the pandemic. The practical implication is that post-Covid-19 pandemic firms actually carry out higher real earnings management as an effort to maintain or as a result of the decline in firms performance during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Innovative strategies to tackle seasonality issue in hospitality and tourism industry

PurposeThis paper aims to deepen the current knowledge of seasonality by investigating visitors’ intentional and behavioural patterns during peak and off-peak seasons. It compares the variation in several key behavioural factors, namely, duration of stay, party size, revisit intention, spending and breakdown of spending in different sectors in hospitality and tourism including entertainment, restaurant, accommodation and transportation. Moreover, this research expands the understanding by examining the effectiveness of two innovative strategies of offering a digital app and organising a unique event to tackle seasonal imbalances through stimulating visitors’ intention to change their timing of visit from peak to off-peak periods.Design/methodology/approachThe author initially used a Delphi approach to gather experts’ opinion on the two scenario settings: event organisation and a trip planner app. The scenarios aimed to potentially encourage visitors to change their visit time to off-peak seasons. Then, using a quantitative survey, the travel habits and spending behaviours of 310 participants were captured. Furthermore, the survey assessed their intention to travel during off-peak seasons in response to the implementation of the two innovative strategies.FindingsThe results revealed that although the number of visitors who travel in off-peak seasons may be lower, their daily spending is higher than peak season visitors. In addition to total spending per day, the duration of stay, part size, quality of accommodation and re-visit intention of visitors indicated significant variation between peak and off-peak seasons. According to the statistical analysis’ results, organising events (including festivals) proves more effective in encouraging visitors to travel during off-peak seasons compared to digital innovation (i.e. a trip planner app). This finding is in line with the tenets of the Jobs-to-be-Done Theory of innovation.Originality/valueThis study contributes by conceptualising the mechanism of seasonality and its impacts on subsectors of tourism and hospitality. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is one of the few empirical research that compares the behavioural patterns of visitors including their average spending per day between peak and off-peak seasons. Previous studies focused on specific regions or sectors, whereas this research investigates visitors’ behaviour on a broader scale to provide more comprehensive view. Furthermore, this study is novel due to practising an outside-in approach through investigating the effectiveness of the two innovative strategies aimed at addressing seasonality in the hospitality and tourism industry from visitors’ point of view.