Indicators Of Tourism Development Research Articles

Discussing the Spatial Underpinnings of Tourism Policy and Planning in Romania

"The paper examines the spatial concepts and mechanisms that drive the reconfiguration of the tourism space and provide policy-relevant informa tion. Mapping the spatial patterns of tourism supply and demand at finely-grained data over the last two decades, the analysis employs spatiotemporal and scaling methods to capture the interactions and de pendencies among tourism concentrations. The findings point to space-tourism realignments based on heterogeneous concentration patterns and trajectories of change, supply growth and ex pansion at the first level of contiguity, and diffused domestic vs. polarized international arrivals. The bi nary approach of tourism concentrations of supply and demand with varying location quotients enables the identification of both differences and similarities in terms of contextual and tourism development in dicators. In support of context-sensitive policy inter ventions, we argue that space should be regarded as a central dimension of the tourism development pol icy. Providing a snapshot of the tourism concentra tions in 2019, the study may count as a baseline ref erence for further analyses in post-pandemic times."

Исследование рынка туроперейтинга в регионах Сибирского и Дальневосточного федеральных округов

Tourism is one of the most important links in the development of the regional economy in the country. Coronavirus infection COVID - 19 has seriously affected the tourism industry, so not all tourist companies were able to adapt to the changes. Thus, restrictive measures in connection with the epidemiological situation in the country, in different ways, affected the Arctic regions, thereby increasing the negative impact on the development of tourism. The article presents an analysis of the current state of tourist activity in the regions of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. These territories are a promising direction for the development of domestic tourism of the Russian Federation. In addition, the indicators of tourism development in the SFD and DFD regions were considered. It is worth noting that the Arctic region is perceived as a territory with a huge amount of natural, cultural and historical resources, which in turn is one of the main factors in the development of domestic tourism, to meet the interests of the small indigenous peoples, and protect their interests. The relevance of this study is due to the importance of tourism transfer as one of the main factors in the development of tourism activities in the territory of both the Russian Federation and the regions of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. Thus, the study was based on the activities of 675 tour operators of these regions. The obtained data can be used to create strategic activities of regions, to form popular in new conditions tourism products and to compete with traditional tourist centers. The presence of a highly competitive tourist market in the region is a prerequisite.

A symmetric and asymmetric nexus between environmental sustainability and tourism development in BRIC nations: What is the role of good governance and globalization?

The motivation of the study was to gauge the impact of environmental quality (EQ), good governance (GG), and globalization (GLO) on tourism development in BRIC nations for the period 1990–2021. The study implements linear and nonlinear frameworks for evaluating the elasticity of explanatory variables on tourism and the directional association by using the non-granger causality test. Combined cointegration test statistics show a long-run association between EQ, GG, and GLO and tourism development in BRIC nations. Furthermore, the long-run association in the empirical estimation is established in both linear and nonlinear framework assessments. Referring to linear assessment, the study documents the positive, statistically significant linkage between good governance, globalization, and tourism development, implying that political stability, governmental effectiveness, and accountability foster tourism development. Furthermore, global economic and financial integration opens a window for tourism development by inducing the economy’s international tourism. On the other hand, environmental degradation reveals adverse statistically significant influences on tourism development, suggesting that the environmental stability in the form of healthy and amicable ambiance positively triggers tourism development, especially in the long run. According to the test statistics of the standard Wald test, it is obvious that there is an asymmetric association between explanatory variables such as EQ, GG, and GLO and tourism development in the long-run and short-run assessment. The directional causality test documented bidirectional causality in explaining the causality between environmental quality and tourism development in Brazil, India, and China, good governance and tourism development in India, and globalization and tourism development in China. On a policy note, the study advocated that BRIC has to ensure environmental protection and governmental effectiveness to promote sustainable development in the tourism sector.

Does corruption undermine tourism development in Africa?

ABSTRACT While the determinants of tourism demand have been extensively investigated, the impact of corruption on tourism development is less documented. To fill the gap in the literature, this study uses various indicators of tourism development and corruption measurement to examine the influence of corruption on tourism development in 30 African countries over the period 1996–2020. The empirical evidence is based on the fixed effect and panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) estimation techniques. The results unveil that the impact of corruption on tourism development is negative and statistically significant, both for domestic and international tourists. It indicates as corruption worsens, tourism-related investments and tourism destinations are negatively affected. These results support the sand-in-the-wheel hypothesis. Additionally, macroeconomic indicators like GDP growth, foreign direct investment and infrastructural development are found to be ideal for promoting the tourism sector. However, the magnitude of the impact of the variables varies across various specifications, particularly for the sub-Saharan sample group. Based on the results, policy implications are suggested from the study. The results recommended that institutional reforms and promotion of good governances are critical in order to maximize the benefits of tourism sector.

The role of tourism development in India's environmental degradation: evidence from ARDL and wavelet coherence approaches

PurposeThis empirical study explores the role of tourism development (TD) in India's environmental degradation. Since sustainable eco-tourism is essential for India, whose long-term economic prosperity also depends on robust tourism growth. Hence, this study offers specific policy proposals for sustainable tourism based on the simulated outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed the quarterly data from 1995Q1–2018Q4 for empirical validation. Moreover, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, Toda and Yamamoto (TY) causality model and wavelet coherence are also used to analyse the role of TD in India's environmental degradation.FindingsThe ARDL bounds test confirms the long-run relationship between the series. The long-run results from the ARDL model also indicate the driving role of TD in India's environmental degradation. In addition, the usage of the wavelet coherence method confirms the changes in TD that leads to changes in India's pollution level at different frequencies and periods, especially in the long run.Research limitations/implicationsSince this analysis is India-specific, these findings may lack generalizability to other developing economies. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to examine the impact of tourism growth on the natural environment in other countries either in a panel or time-series framework.Practical implicationsThis study suggests crucial implications for checking the pollution sands from TD without sacrificing tourism-led economic growth. This would be possible if the usage of green energy in India's transport sector is promoted.Originality/valueThis is the first study that analyzes the impact of TD on environmental degradation in the ARDL, wavelet coherence, TY frameworks for enabling the Indian economy for a sustainable tourism practice.

Tourism Development and Economic Growth in Southeast Asian Countries under the Presence of Structural Break: Panel Kink with GME Estimator

This study examines the nonlinear impact of tourism development on economic growth in Southeast Asian countries using the panel kink regression model. Due to the paucity of Southeast Asian data, we may face the overparameterization problem in our model. To deal with this problem, this study proposes the Generalized Maximum Entropy (GME) estimator to estimate the unknown parameters in this nonlinear model. Several important tourism development indicators consisting of the total international arrivals, international tourism expenditure, and tourism receipts are considered. In addition, we also consider the gross capital formation and real effective exchange rate as a control variable in our nonlinear model. Our findings show that the effect of international tourist arrivals on economic growth should be separated into two regimes, while other factors do not exhibit a nonlinear relationship with Southeast Asian economic growth. Thus, we construct the empirical model with the kink effect in the variable of international tourist arrivals. To confirm the performance of the GME estimator, we compare it to the ordinary least squares and the fixed effect estimators. According to the mean squared and root means squared errors, we find that our GME estimator performs better than the ordinary least squares and the fixed effect estimators. This indicates that GME estimation is an applicable method for estimating the nonlinear effect of tourism growth on economic growth. Our empirical results show that there are positive impacts of tourism growth on economic growth for regime 1 (low tourism demand) and regime 2 (high tourism demand) with the effect of the low tourist arrivals regime being relatively larger. We also find a positive influence of gross capital formation, real effective exchange rate, international tourism expenditure, and tourism receipts on Southeast Asian economic growth.

Research on tourism income index based on ordinary differential mathematical equation

Abstract Economic benefits continue to increase with the rapid development of the tourism industry. The level of tourism development is an indicator to measure the maturity of a country’s tourism industry. The article takes China’s coastal provinces as the research object and uses finite element ordinary differential mathematical equations to explore the income indicators of the tourism industry in coastal cities. In the dynamic process, the article portrays the development trend of tourism in different regions. It analyses the income levels and indicators of tourism development in coastal cities under different time and space conditions. The research results show that we can divide the time zone to count the base period value and average growth rate of domestic tourism in each province to classify the regional response type of domestic tourism development.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of achieving the goals of tourism development in the implementation of territorial development programs

This article is devoted to assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of territorial development programs in terms of achieving the target indicators of tourism development. In the course of the study, the authors used the methodology of assessing the effectiveness of achieving the goals, approved by the authorized body for state planning, as well as such methods of research as observation, description, comparative, formallogical and other methods of knowledge. As an information base of the study were used the data of the approved programs for the development of the territories of 17 regions, statistical yearbooks “Tourism of Kazakhstan” of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms. At the same time, the authors sorted, calculated, and interpreted the data on the studies devoted to the study of the effectiveness of achieving the goals of tourism development in the implementation of territorial development programs. According to the results of the research, there were calculated the coefficients of achievement of the target indicators. Also, there was estimated the degree of efficiency of local executive bodies in tourism development within the framework of realization of the programs of territorial development of 14 regions and 2 cities of republican value and the capital. The article presents the drawbacks of the existing methodology were revealed and the recommendations for its improvement.

Management of the Development of the Travel and Hospitality Industry in the Russian Federation

Relevance. Our country presents a unique variety of socio-cultural traditions in different regions, ethnic groups and tourist routes in several climatic zones. The sudden COVID-19 pandemic left its mark on the functioning of the Russian tourism industry during this period. Managing the development of domestic tourism in Russia with the creation of new routes through unique natural and ethnocultural places is especially important in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.The purpose of the study is to identify tools for managing the development of the Russian tourism industry.Objectives. To achieve this goal, the author studied state programs for the development of the tourism industry, modern sociological scientific approaches to the study of the regional image, key indicators of the development of the tourism sector, conducted five focus groups with a youth audience.Methodology. In the course of work on the study, the author used the method of systemic and structural-functional approaches to the consideration of the regional image, key indicators of tourism development, as well as the focus group method.Results. During discussions in five focus groups, the author proposed a list of tools for the development of the travel and hospitality industry and new routes for Russians to travel.Conclusions. The Russian Federation has tremendous opportunities for the multifaceted disclosure and development of the tourism industry. The COVID-19 pandemic, which led to the closure of the borders of other states, has become another factor making it possible for Russians to open up new places within the country. For the integrated development of the Russian tourism industry, global and local solutions and tools are needed to support the development of the industry.

Антикризова реанімація туристичної галузі України в післявоєнний період

The article analyzes and generalizes the foreign experience of different world countries regarding the reanimation of the tourism industry in the post-war period. The factors influencing the indicators of tourism development, the formation of tourist flows and the reaction of regional and government policy as to attracting tourists to the country of visit are considered. The indicators of statistics of international tourism are analyzed and the factors influencing their dynamics are identified. On the basis of historical retrospective, the formation of tourism in post-war Europe is highlighted; the essence and number of anti-crisis measures to restore tourist exchanges are considered. The experience of countries in which hostilities have taken place or continue to take place, the risk of terrorist attacks should be transferred to the Ukrainian market. Countries such as Georgia, Israel, which have both external and internal factors of negative impact on the state of tourism, are trying to overcome or level this negative impact at the expense of: external rental of destinations and the formation of a tourist product of recreational, medical, extreme tourism. Unfortunately, hostilities cause damage to the tourist infrastructure and natural wealth of our country, which complicates the recovery processes after the war. Based on the results of the research, the authors proposed methods of crisis management for reanimation of the tourism sector of Ukraine, including due to the post-war transformation and expansion of the variability of the tourism landscape of Ukraine. The study of anti-crisis management of the tourism industry in order to ensure the economic development of Ukraine is quite relevant and requires further study and scientific analysis, which will be the goal of further scientific researches.

Detecting Early Signs of Overtourism: Bringing Together Indicators of Tourism Development With Data Fusion

Tourism is a powerful economic driver for communities, but there are dangers of overtourism in tourism-dependent destinations. The study proposes an approach to detect early signs of overtourism by integrating census and industry data with residents’ perceptions of tourism benefits. The indicators include industry performance, its economic impacts, and indirect measures related to quality of life. The public perceptions are collected through surveying four different tourism-dependent communities in Florida. We found that in general local residents are highly positive about the tourism industry benefits to their communities, yet many respondents would like the tourism levels reduced. Especially concerning are negative sentiments toward tourism among the younger population groups and racial minorities. The findings are interpreted as early signs of overtourism.

Benefits of policy actor embeddedness for sustainable tourism indicators’ design: the case of Andalusia

To ensure effective management, tourism governments need tools that can measure tourism activities’ impacts on sustainable development. Systems of indicators are thus widely used in tourism sustainability management and need to find a balance between academic and professional perspectives. This research is a case study focused on a tool for monitoring regional government policies: the Andalusia System of Sustainable Tourism Development Indicators (SISTA). The system was developed by an interdisciplinary group of 15 experts from within the regional government and academia. We apply the institutional theory in the tourism public sector to study a process of deinstitutionalization to get insights on how actors within tourism management organizations can shape institutions. Our results demonstrate that policy actors’ participation enhances these systems’ usefulness, introducing the sustainability policy paradigm and raising awareness of the strategic uses of data to support policy decisions. On the other hand, challenges of policy actors’ participation are related to the mismatch between sustainability evolution and policy cycles, and from the difficulty of judging policy measures’ efficiency. This research will serve as a reference for other tourism destinations working on measuring system development with practical applications as well as for academia to integrate policy actors’ needs into theoretical approaches.

Cointegration between Economic, Ecological and Tourism Development

The well-developed countries have more options to attract tourists and generate profit from the tourism development. At the same time, the high volume of CO2 emissions, ecological risks, polluted nature restrict the tourism development in the country. The reorientation of global development to green growth provokes transformations in all policies of the country’s development. It allows green countries to attract more tourists. In this case, the paper aims to analyze the relationships between economic growth, ecological indicators, and tourism development. Ukraine has chosen the EU vector of development. In this case, it is necessary to identify the targets for synchronizing the Ukrainian policies (economic, ecological, social, tourism, etc.) with the EU. The objects of the investigation were Ukraine and Visegrad countries for 2000-2020 years. The panel data was generated from World Data Bank, Eurostat, European Environmental Agency, and Ukrstat. The dependent variable – GDP (as an indicator of economic growth), independent – greenhouse gas emissions and share of renewable energy in the total energy consumption (ecological indicators), the volume of tourists (indicators of tourism development). At the first stage, the study used bibliometric analysis to identify publication activities’ general tendency on the analyzed issues. The following methods were applied to check the hypothesis on cointegration between variables: panel unit root test, Pedroni panel cointegration tests, and the fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares panel cointegration techniques. The findings confirmed the relationships between economic, ecological, and tourism development. Thus, the decline of greenhouse gas emissions leads to increasing tourists, and as a consequence, it provokes GDP growth.

Analysis of Stakeholder Attitudes toward Sustainable Tourism Development of Lake Toba Area

The purpose of this study is to analyze the attitude of stakeholders towards sustainable tourism development in Lake Toba, Indonesia. The indicators used to measure stakeholder’s attitude were adopted from the United Nations World Tourism Organization and grouped into the human system and ecosystem categories. A total of 361 questionnaires were collected from several stakeholders of Lake Toba tourism. Stakeholders’ attitudes were analyzed by multiplying their level of trust in their level of importance to the tourism development indicators. The gap between trust and importance will be mapped on the importance-performance analysis diagram. The analysis indicated that the stakeholders' attitude is generally optimistic about the tourism development in Lake Toba. However, the level of optimism varies among stakeholders. Tourism entrepreneurs and workers have the lowest attitude value compared to local people and tourists. Also, stakeholders which have low income or whose income partly or most comes from the tourism industry or live in the Lake Toba Area are those in the key priority to consider. They provide the lowest level of trust but provide the highest level of importance in development. Decision-makers must give a more serious approach to these stakeholders to get maximum support.

Tourism Development and Exchequer's Encouragment

Despite the arguments against the development of tourism a large number of positive aspects can be noticed in favour of tourism development. The data presented in this paper substantiates the need for development of tourism in India. It is observed that the yields emanated from this sector percolate to every corner of the economy and society starting from advanced cities to hamlets. As a result it leads to balanced and inclusive growth. To tap the latent potential of the tourism sector, it is necessary to make integrated efforts from all corners of the economy. One such effort focussed in this paper, has been initiated by the Indian Tax System. The system has designed various special provisions to motivate the sector, but they are scattered in various Acts. The knowledge of these provisions facilitate a sound tax planning. This paper makes an attempt to put important tax provisions, relating to different players in the tourism sector scattered in various tax laws, in one place to provide a basic understanding. It concludes that the sops offered by the exchequer are inadequate looking at the needs of the industry. This sector is a cash-cow. Its yields outweigh the sops and efforts. Hence, this sector needs focused attention from the policy makers.

Socio-economic aspects of the development of the tourism and hospitality industry in the Russian Federation

This trend has affected both tourist countries and countries where tourism is not the primary economic sector. This paper examines the socio-economic aspects of the development of the Russian Federation's tourism industry in recent years. The objective of the study is to evaluate the development of the tourism industry in Russia. For this purpose, the issues of methodology for collecting official statistical information in tourism are considered, statistical data on tourism development are analyzed, and key indicators of the Tourism Development Strategy in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035 are analyzed. The authors used general scientific research methods, namely, methods of reviewing the economic literature on the stated topic, analyzing statistical data characterizing the development of tourism in the Russian Federation in 2014–2018, and synthesizing the results obtained. The data source was indicators characterizing the development of the tourism and hospitality industries in Russia, the activities of collective accommodation facilities, and tourist companies. The study describes the social and economic aspects of the development of the tourism and hospitality industries in Russia for 2014–2018, identifies the necessary organizational and economic conditions to increase the volume of domestic tourism through administrative, fiscal, and social measures, proposes mechanisms to stimulate national tourism development to achieve the key indicators of tourism development until 2035.

CURRENT ISSUES OF FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN CHERKASY REGION

Peculiarities of formation of program tasks of tourism development in Cherkasy region are investigated. The analysis of indicators for compiling and determining the results of the implementation of tourism development programs in Ukraine for a number of years is carried out. The main directions of tourism development in current business conditions are highlighted. The topical issues of formation and implementation of the program of tourism development in Cherkasy region are determined taking into account the influence of a complex of factors, in particular those of economic, ecological, social character.
 It is substantiated that in the basis of formation of program tasks for the purpose of assistance to the development of tourism in Cherkasy region it is necessary to consider strategic plans of development both of Ukraine as a whole, its regions, and features and priorities of separate administrative-territorial communities.
 Emphasis is placed on the need to develop appropriate identifiers and indicators to characterize individual general indicators of tourism development in the respective territories, cluster units and to form a single base of potential and actual subject-object units of the tourism segment of the region's economy.
 To this end, the article proposes a model for the formation of criteria for assessing the objectivity of the formation of strategic regional objectives in the field of tourism and the results of program tasks in the tourism segment of the region's economy.
 The analysis of methodology of the formation of program tasks at the state level and criteria of taking into account obligatory indicators of an estimation of their performance on the basis of the achievement of corresponding qualitative and quantitative indicators both at the all-Ukrainian, and at regional level is carried out.
 Proposals are made to improve the procedure taking into account the interests of local governments, administrative-territorial communities and professional public associations in the direction of improving adaptive program indicators for tourism development.

AKSESBILITAS DALAM PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI PARIWISATA DI KABUPATEN TOJO UNA-UNA PADA ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0

The purpose of this study is to determine the development of tourism potential, use of technology in developing tourism potential, and formulate strategies in developing tourism potential in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. This study uses Cooper's theory related to tourism development as seen from 4 (four) indicators, namely attractions, amenities, accessbilities and ancillary services. The approach used in data analysis is SWOT analysis, which aims to analyze the use of technology in the development of tourism potential. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach by collecting data in the form of observations, interviews and documentation. The results show that the tourism potential development strategy has not been effective. In the application of 4 (four) tourism development indicators, namely attractions, amenities, accessbilities and ancillary services, there are still some shortcomings. The strategies used to increase the development of tourism potential in facing the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, namely: accelerating the preparation of Regional Regulations on the development of tourism based on technology; increasing budget resources for tourism development programs; improving the quality and quantity of human resources in technology-based tourism; and improving facilities and infrastructure in the development of technology-based tourism.

Monitoring of the tourism village of the mount merapi slope area through the global sustainable tourism council (gstc) snapshoot assessment system

The Indonesian government through the Ministry of Tourism has a big agenda related to the development of sustainable tourism destinations, namely Indonesia must be a benchmarking of sustainable tourism in Southeast Asia. The program began in 2015 with the signing of a memorandum of understanding with 20 Districts / Cities as a form of local government commitment to encourage sustainable tourism development. This study is to find out how the monitoring system is carried out in tourism ecosystems, consists of: destinations, local governments and local universities running and in accordance with predetermine Ed standards. The monitoring system in this study focused more on the standards determined by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC), namely on the management standards of tourism destinations and environmental management. A monitoring system focused on how tourism destinations attempt to reduce disaster risk. The study location took samples in the southern slopes of Merapi, namely in the Turi sub-district, which is the area that has the most tourist villages among the other sub-districts in Sleman Regency. This study method was carried out through snapshoot assessment and observation through sustainable tourism development indicators consisting of 4 standards, 42 criteria and 102 indicators. Assessment is based on the results of self-assessment. Assessment is given for each element in each standard, where each standard will be given a Likert scale value from 1-7. The criteria used are standard environmental management criteria that are in accordance with the provisions of the determined GSTC, which includes further monitoring with standard D, namely maximizing the benefits for the environment and minimizing negative impacts which consist of: D1 Environmental Risk, D2 Sensitive Environmental Protection, D4 Greenhouse Gas Emission, D11 Light and Sound Pollution, D12 Environmentally Friendly Transportation. Research results indicate that tourism destinations already have standards in destination management and environmental management, but have not carried out overall practices within the framework of sustainable tourism development, especially in standard D.

Sustainable Tourism Development in India: Perception of Tourism Business Operators about Goa Tourism

Sustainable Tourism Development in India: Perception of Tourism Business Operators about Goa Tourism