Testosterone Research Articles

Molecular Interacting Features in Bisphenol A-binding Androgen Receptor Complex Comparing Testosterone-binding Androgen Receptor Complex

Abstract Text Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor or antagonist for androgen receptor (AR), has been reported to be able to inhibit male reproductive endocrine by binding with AR to form BPA-AR complex. However the molecular interaction of docking BPA to AR to form complex remained not to be better characterized. Based on previous reports, presently the study in molecular interaction find out that 12 amino acid (AA) residues from AR polypeptide chain, which are Leu701, Leu704, Asn705, Met895, Gly708, Trp741, Leu707, Arg752, Met749, Phe764, Met780 and Met742, participate in BPA-AR complex formation and make it stable by exerting the hydrophobic interactions of 11 AA residues and the hydrogen bond that the AA residue Arg752 forms with phenolic oxygen group of BPA molecule. Comparing to the molecular interactions of docking testosterone (TST), a natural androgen or agonist for its receptor, to AR to form complex, the hydrophobic interactions from two AA residues, Leu707 and Gly708, are only happening in BPA-AR complex but not in TST-AR complex. Owing to show maxium number of hydrophobic interactions with BPA molecule and loss in accessible surface area, the AA residue Leu704 is considered as an important and key interacing AA residue in BPA-AR complex. Unlike in TST-AR complex where the residue Asn705 form a hydrogen bond with TST molecule, in BPA-AR complex the residue Asn705 does not form hydrogen bond with BPA molecule except for exerting hydrophobic interaction. In addition, the score result that BPA has a higher value of Dock score than TST reveals that he BPA has stronger competitiveness than TST in binding with AR. On the other hand, the dissociation constant of BPA is lower than that of TST, suggesting that BPA-AR complex is more stable than TST-AR complex. Above molecular analysis will facilitate the sequent research on endocrine disrupting chemicals and steroid hormone receptors. Date of Presentation October 17, 2024

Age and BMI-related changes in hormonal profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Association with infertility.

Age and BMI-related changes in hormonal profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Association with infertility.

Association between prolactin and history of stress fracture in elite sprinters and jumpers

ABSTRACT To investigate the risk factor for stress fractures and the characteristics of the laboratory data in eumenorrheic female track and field athletes competing at an elite level. Elite eumenorrheic sprinters and jumpers were recruited. Bone mineral density, bone metabolism markers, 25-OH Vitamin D, and hormones, including prolactin and free testosterone were measured. Total of 84 high school and collegiate athletes were enrolled in the study and among them, 33 athletes had a history of stress fractures during or after high school. Their personal background, bone mineral density, bone metabolism markers, 25-OH Vitamin D, and free testosterone were not different between the group with a history of stress fracture and without a history of stress fracture. Prolactin levels were higher in athletes with stress fractures compared to those without (15.70 ± 10.59 ng/mL vs. 11.59 ± 5.06 ng/mL, p = 0.081), although this difference was not statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis revealed that prolactin was a significant predictive factor for stress fractures (odds ratio: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01–1.20; p = 0.023). Prolactin may be linked to stress fractures in eumenorrheic sprinters and jumpers, and further research is needed to confirm its role as a predictive factor.

Correlation between pan immune inflammation value and testosterone deficiency risk increase

Testosterone deficiency seriously affects male reproductive function, growth and development, and quality of life. There is a certain association between inflammation and testosterone. PIV, a novel immune-inflammatory biomarker, has emerged. However, little is known about the relationship between PIV and serum testosterone. This study aims to investigate the relationship between PIV and serum testosterone. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 7389 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2016. Serum total testosterone levels were measured using precise isotope dilution liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. PIV was calculated as (neutrophil count × monocyte count × platelet count)/lymphocyte count. Weighted t tests or chi-square tests were utilized to analyze the basic characteristics of the population. Weighted logistic regression analysis, smooth-fit curves, threshold effects, and subgroup analysis were conducted to investigate the correlation between the PIV and testosterone deficiency. Using PIV Quartile 1 as the reference, in the fully adjusted model, the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for Quartile 2 to Quartile 4 participants were 1.14 (0.93, 1.40), 1.28 (0.99, 1.65), and 1.51 (1.18, 1.95), respectively (P for trend < 0.001), with participants in the highest quartile of PIV having a 51% increased risk of testosterone deficiency compared to those in the lowest quartile of PIV. Smooth-fit curves and threshold effect analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between PIV and testosterone deficiency, with a turning point at 565.89. The subgroup analysis results showed that, except for obesity, there was no statistically significant difference in the relationship between PIV and testosterone deficiency among different subgroups (P > 0.05). Our study results indicate a positive correlation between PIV and the risk of testosterone deficiency. This suggests that PIV may serve as a potential indicator for testosterone deficiency.

The Usefulness of Testosterone in Saliva Tests to Detect Testosterone Deficiency in Men with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Single-Center Study

Background: Hypogonadism frequently occurs among men with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is a highly unfavorable prognostic factor. Therefore, a simple and common screening for testosterone deficiency may be important. The measurement of testosterone in saliva appears to be an attractive alternative to serum testosterone. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of determining free testosterone concentration in saliva to detect testosterone deficiency in men with advanced CKD, including those on dialysis. Methods: A total of 77 adult, male patients (aged 41–89 years old)—30 with CKD stage G3-G4, 30 on hemodialysis (HD), and 17 on peritoneal dialysis (PD)—were evaluated. The concentration of free testosterone was determined in saliva (SalFT), while the concentration of total testosterone (TT) was determined in blood serum. Serum-free testosterone levels were calculated (cFT). Results: SalFT did not differ from cFT in the CKD (p = 0.547) and PD groups (p = 0.409). In the HD group, SalFT was higher than cFT (p = 0.009). SalFT was positively correlated with cFT (r = 0.435 in the CKD and r = 0.479 in the HD) and TT (r = 0.451 in CKD), but only in the group of patients with SalFT levels below 140 pg/mL and 120 pg/mL, respectively. A cut-off value of SalFT ≤ 60.6 pg/mL showed 73.9% sensitivity and 77.8% specificity for testosterone deficiency recognition. Conclusions: Our study supports the value of SalFT measurement as a non-invasive approach in the diagnosis of testosterone deficiency in men with advanced CKD, as well as patients on hemodialysis.

Evaluation of in vivo supplementation of 2660 mg D-aspartic acid and 200 mg ubiquinol and 10 mg zinc on different semen parameters in idiopathic male infertility: a randomized double blind placebo controlled study.

About 20-30% of cases of infertility are attributed to male factor and males are also contributing to infertility in a further 20%. Idiopathic male subfertility is the commonest cause in most cases. D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) is an endogenous amino acid occurring in several tissues and cells of both invertebrates and vertebrates. The current study is one of the first to evaluate the in vivo supplementation of D-aspartic acid in idiopathic male infertility. Thus, we aimed in the current study to evaluate the in vivo effect of D-aspartic acid, zinc and co-enzyme Q 10 supplementation on different semen parameters and serum testosterone level in idiopathic male infertility. A total of 75 infertile patients were recruited from the outpatient andrology clinic from March 2023 to June 2024. The current study was registered at the UMIN clinical registry trials prior to initiating the study (UMIN000050023). Group (A) included 24 infertile patients who received 2660 mg d-aspartic acid plus 200 mg of ubiquinol plus 10 mg zinc once daily for 3 months. Group (B) included 24 infertile patients who received placebo (starch granules) daily for 3 months. Interestingly, patients in group (A) who received 2660 mg d-aspartic acid plus 200 mg of ubiquinol plus 10 mg zinc once daily for 3 months showed significant improvement in progressive sperm motility after 3 months (10.63 ± 8.64 vs 15.21 ± 12.11, p=0.047). Also, they showed highly significant increase in total testosterone level (5.06 ± 1.74 vs 5.89 ± 1.62, p=0.009). D-aspartic acid plus ubiquinol plus zinc are promising ingredients that showed good results when administrated once daily to infertile males.

Exploring the role of hemodilution in the inverse association between obesity and testosterone concentrations in men.

This study aims to explore the inverse correlation between obesity and testosterone concentrations in men, with a particular focus on the role of hemodilution in this association. The research question addressed is whether hemodilution, due to increased plasma volume (PV), contributes to the lower testosterone concentrations observed in obese men. We conducted a retrospective analysis using three datasets with sample sizes of 86, 134, and 446 participants, respectively. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the changes in PV, testosterone concentration, and mass across BMI categories, adjusting for age in each dataset and in the pooled data. The study demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between BMI groups and testosterone concentrations across the three datasets, as well as in the pooled data (beta coefficients: -0.024, -0.045, -0.040, -0.043; P < 0.001). Despite this, total testosterone mass remained stable (P > 0.05), suggesting that hemodilution, rather than a reduction in testosterone production, may account for the lower testosterone concentrations in obesity. Adjusted testosterone concentrations for obese participants were calculated using a formula that accounts for the increased PV. Our findings suggest that hemodilution, associated with increased PV in obesity, is a significant factor contributing to the lower testosterone concentrations in obese men. This has implications for the diagnosis and treatment of testosterone deficiency in obesity and underscores the need for adjusted reference ranges. Further research is necessary to validate these findings and to explore their clinical implications.

Use of the AMS questionnaire to hypogonadism screening in men with rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction. The proportion of men with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) reaches 25%. Given the previously identified high frequency of decreased testosterone in men with RA, the issue of clinical diagnosis of hypogonadism is relevant.Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) questionnaire for diagnosing hypogonadism among patients with RA.Materials and methods. A cross-sectional continuous study included 78 men with RA who were undergoing inpatient treatment at the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology. The patients underwent determination of their total testosterone levels. All men completed the AMS questionnaire to screen for clinical signs of testosterone deficiency. A correlation analysis was performed between the AMS scores with the testosterone level and clinical and laboratory parameters of RA. ROC analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the AMS questionnaire was performed in comparison with laboratory diagnostics of hypogonadism.Results. Based on the results of the questionnaire, androgen deficiency was suspected in 70.5%. Hypogonadism (decreased testosterone levels &lt; 12.0 nmol/l) was detected in 33.3% of patients. A significant negative correlation was found between the total score of the AMS questionnaire and all three subgroups of questions with the level of total testosterone. A moderate correlation was noted between age and the sexual symptoms of the questionnaire. The DAS28 index, the number of swollen joints and the level of C-reactive protein significantly positively correlated with the total score of the AMS, as well as with its somatic and psychological components. When conducting the ROC analysis, the area under the ROC curve was 0.728 (95% CI 0.604–0.851; p &lt; 0.001). The threshold value for the AMS questionnaire at the cut-off point was 38.5 points. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 75.0% and 69.2%. The diagnostic accuracy of the questionnaire was 51.3%, the positive predictive value was 39.3%, and the negative predictive value was 81.8%.Conclusion. The AMS questionnaire can be effective for diagnosing androgen deficiency symptoms in men with RA, but RA activity makes a significant contribution to the score, which increases the threshold value at which the questionnaire shows satisfactory sensitivity and specificity.

Reevaluating the Threshold for Low Total Testosterone.

Reevaluating the Threshold for Low Total Testosterone.

The calculated and the rapid equilibrium dialyzed human serum free testosterone by LC-MS/MS and their performances in PCOS diagnosis.

The calculated and the rapid equilibrium dialyzed human serum free testosterone by LC-MS/MS and their performances in PCOS diagnosis.

Investigating Hormonal Level Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Early Detection of Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer is a major public health problem, with a high incidence among females worldwide, increasing with age and environmental conditions. Hormonal biomarkers have gained attention for their potential utility in the early detection of breast cancer. The study aimed to investigate the effect of biomarkers of different hormone levels, including prolactin, Testosterone, Cortisol, and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) in the diagnosis and early detection of breast cancer risk. Methodology: Blood and saliva samples were collected from volunteer females, including 50 healthy females (NB), 111 benign breasts (BB), and 20 malignant breasts (MB) samples to determine hormone level biomarkers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The results showed that hormonal biomarkers, particularly prolactin, testosterone, and HCG, can serve as indicators for the early detection of breast cancer in both serum and saliva. In contrast, cortisol hormonal biomarkers did not have an effective association with early breast cancer detection. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the present association between hormonal biomarkers, including prolactin, testosterone, and HCG, could serve as biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer. In contrast, cortisol did not have an effective association with early breast cancer detection.

Diagnosis of polycystic ovaries syndrome: establishment of reference values of nine hormones on Maglumi X- 8

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility. Availability of some hormones like free testosterone (fT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and androstenedione (A4) assay on a user-friendly immunoassay system will be a milestone in the diagnosis of PCOS. Aim of the study was to establish reference values of fT, total testosterone (TT), luteinizing hormones (LH), follicle stimulating hormones (FSH), prolactin (Prl), estradiol (E2), DHEAS, AMH, and A4.ResultsSerum specimens of 135 disease-free adult females were collected from Mohi Uddin Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, AJ&K, Pakistan (MOTH) which is the affiliated hospital of Mohi Uddin Islamic Medical College, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan (MIMC) and after obtaining written informed consent. Blood specimens were analyzed in the Pathology Laboratory of MOTH using state-of-the-art fully automatic chemiluminescence analyzer Maglumi X8 (Snibe, China) for all nine parameters. Reference values of fertility hormones were AMH: 0.84–10.2 ng/mL (14.3–49.0 pmol/L); A4: 10.5–50.9 ng/dL (3.7–17.8 mmol/L); DHEAS: 81–426 µg/dL (0.8–10.2 µmol/L); E2: 18.9–147 pg/mL (70–542 pmol/L); fT: 0.5–2.57 pg/mL (1.7–8.9 pmol/L); FSH (follicular phase): 2.36–13.1 mIU/mL; LH (follicular phase): 0.66–14.7 mIU/mL; Prl: 3.85–30 ng/mL (81–623 mIU/L); and TT: 0.98–8.2 ng/dL (0.03–0.28 nmol/L).ConclusionWe have established reference values of nine hormones used for the diagnosis and monitoring of PCOS in Pakistani and other populations of sub-continent.

Somatostatin and N-acetylcysteine on testicular damage triggered by ischemia reperfusion: cellular protection and antioxidant effects.

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a significant cause of testicular damage, leading to infertility and other reproductive dysfunctions. Antioxidant therapies have emerged as a potential intervention to mitigate oxidative stress and cellular damage. This study investigates the effects of somatostatin (SST) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on testicular damage induced by I/R, focusing on their antioxidant and cellular protective effects. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups, as follows: sham operated, I/R injury, I/R + somatostatin treatment, and I/R + NAC treatment. A testicular I/R injury was induced surgically, followed by either SST or NAC administration. Testicular tissues were assessed histopathologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining and employing Johnson's biopsy scoring. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed for caspase- 3, 8-hydroxy- 2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), testis-specific histone 2B, and testosterone to evaluate apoptosis, oxidative DNA damage, cellular proliferation, and steroidogenesis, respectively. Serum levels of testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by biochemical analysis. The results showed that both SST and NAC treatments significantly ameliorated histopathological damage and reduced the levels of caspase- 3 and 8-OHdG, indicating reduced apoptosis and oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, increased testis-specific histone 2B positivity suggested enhanced cellular proliferation. Notably, administration of SST decreased testosterone positivity in the testis, whereas NAC treatment increased it. However, no significant differences in serum testosterone levels were observed between the NAC and SST groups. In addition, serum FSH levels of the I/R + SST group were found to be significantly higher than those of the control group. SST and NAC exhibit protective effects against testicular damage induced by I/R, as evidenced by their antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. The differential impact on testosterone positivity in the testis tissue highlights distinct underlying mechanisms, warranting further investigation. Despite these promising findings, the lack of significant changes in serum hormone levels calls for additional studies to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential and mechanistic pathways of SST and NAC in the context of testicular I/R injury.

Association between ethylene oxide exposure and serum sex hormone levels measured in a reference sample of the US general population

Ethylene oxide (EO) is a crucial organic compound commonly utilized in industrial and medical products. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved EO sterilization sterilizes about 50% of sterile medical devices in the U.S. Animal and human studies have suggested that EO exposure may result in severe health problem. However, studies evaluating the relationship between EO exposure and sex hormones in human populations are still lacking. Therefore, further investigation into EO’s effects on humans is essential. This cross-sectional study within the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES),2013–2016 examined the relationship between EO-hemoglobin adducts (HbEO) and sex hormones. HbEO was found to be inversely associated with estradiol (E2) and positively associated with the ratio of total testosterone (TT) to E2 and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in adult males. Such associations HbEO and E2 and SHBG were non-linear in male adults. However, no significant associations were found between HbEO and sex steroids across various age groups of females and all male age groups except for adults. Thus, our study provides evidence that EO may potentially serve as an endocrine disruptor in the environment, affecting the levels of sex hormones in adult males.

PITUITARY-GONADAL SYSTEM STATUS IN MEN DURING THE ACUTE PHASE OF COVID-19 AND IN THE EARLY PERIOD AFTER RECOVERY

ANNOTATION. According to literature, COVID-19 affects men more often than women. Older men with underlying health conditions (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases) are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19. The average age of patients with severe forms of the disease was higher than that of men with mild forms, with 86% of patients suffering from severe COVID-19 being over 40 years old. Thus, literature data suggest that in men with COVID-19 and in the early period after recovery, spermatogenesis may be impaired, and male reproductive problems can be considered as consequences of the viral illness. OBJECTIVE. To determine the levels of pituitary-gonadal hormones in men during the acute phase and in the early period after recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Seventy-six men, who had recovered from COVID-19 were examined: 30 men during the acute phase who were undergoing treatment in a hospital and 46 men 6–9 months after recovery. The average age of the participants was 45.23±3.01 years. The control group consisted of 22 healthy men aged 43.18±2.9 years who had not contracted COVID-19. Hormone concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the Stat Fax 3200 analyzer. CONCLUSIONS. The concentration of total testosterone in the blood of men during the acute phase of COVID-19 (hospitalized for treatment) was significantly reduced and remained at this level 6 months after recovery. A significant increase in the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was found in men who had contracted COVID-19 and were hospitalized for treatment, and this elevation persisted 6 months after recovery.

Thyroid and reproductive hormonal factors associated with menorrhagia among women in Kenya

Background: Menorrhagia, characterised by menstrual blood loss exceeding 80 mL per cycle, is a common issue in Western Kenya. However, there are insufficient data on how hormonal disorders contribute to its occurrence.Objective: This study aimed to examine the differences and associations between thyroid and reproductive hormone levels in women with menorrhagia versus those without, in Bungoma County, Kenya.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 428 women (214 with menorrhagia and 214 controls) aged 18–45 years, between 01 December 2022 and 31 September 2023 at Bungoma County Referral Hospital. The analysis included thyroid stimulating hormone, total and free triiodothyronine, thyroxine, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone, prolactin, oestrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.Results: Women experiencing menorrhagia had statistically significant increases in levels of FSH (p 0.0001), oestrogen (p 0.001), and total testosterone (p 0.001), while prolactin levels had a statistically significant decrease (p 0.001) compared to those without menorrhagia. There were no statistically significant differences in total triiodothyronine (p = 0.384), free triiodothyronine (p = 0.610), total thyroxine (p = 0.127), free thyroxine (p = 0.360), or thyroid stimulating (p = 0.118). No associations were found between menorrhagia and either thyroid or reproductive hormones.Conclusion: Elevated levels of FSH, oestrogen, and testosterone, along with reduced prolactin, may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing menorrhagia in premenopausal or reproductively aged women. A screening tool that integrates these hormonal markers could improve the accuracy of diagnosis and optimise treatment strategies in primary healthcare settings.What this study adds: The study suggests that levels of FSH, oestrogen, total testosterone, and prolactin differ significantly between women with and without menorrhagia, indicating their potential use in predicting the condition.

Associations between testosterone and knee and hand osteoarthritis among males and females from the general population.

Associations between testosterone and knee and hand osteoarthritis among males and females from the general population.

Optimization of Stocking Density in Chukar Partridge (A. chukar) Breeder Flocks

ABSTRACT The present study was aimed to determine the most appropriate stocking density in breeding partridges by considering animal welfare. For this purpose, feed consumption, egg production and quality parameters, fertility, survival rate, feather condition score, cortisol and testosterone hormones were examined. A total of 552 breeding partridges with a ratio of 3 females to 1 male were used in the study and the groups were designed as 0.25 m2, 0.19 m2, 0.15 m2 and 0.11 m2 per partridge (4 groups and 3 replicates). Increasing the stocking density had no effect on feed consumption while it negatively affected egg production. Higher stocking density had a negative effect on the feather condition score which is similar to those for egg production. A parallel decrease in feed consumption and egg production was observed with the temperature increases according to the summer months. Stocking density had no effect on egg quality parameters, fertility rate, survival rate, testosterone and cortisol. In conclusion, a larger allowed space with 0.20 m2/bird or more benefits egg production and the welfare degree of chukar partridges.

Association between systemic immune inflammation index and serum testosterone and free testosterone in middle-aged and elderly men.

Chronic inflammation is a pervasive feature of aging and may be associated with testosterone in middle-aged and older men. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory biomarker. We aimed to assess the association between SII and serum testosterone and free testosterone (FT) in middle-aged and older men. Our study included males ≥ 40 years old in the 2011-2016 and 2021-2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable regression analysis was used to explore the associations between SII and serum testosterone and FT in middle-aged and older men. Subgroup analysis was performed according to age. About 5354 participants were included, of which 2450 contained FT data. Multivariable linear regression found that SII exhibited an inverse association with serum testosterone (β -0.05, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.03, P<0.001) and FT (β -0.03, 95% CI -0.05 to -0.01, P=0.032) in middle-aged and elderly men. After SII was grouped as quartiles, serum testosterone was significantly lower in SII quartile 4 than in SII quartile 1 (β -0.05, 95% CI -0.08 to -0.02, P<0.001). However, FT was not significantly lower in SII quartile 4 than in SII quartile 1 (β -0.03, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.01, P=0.135). In subgroup analysis, the serum testosterone results were consistent with the overall results. However, only in the ≥60 years group, SII exhibited an inverse association with FT (β -0.06, 95% CI -0.1 to -0.02, P=0.002) and was significantly lower in SII quartile 4 than in SII quartile 1 (β -0.06, 95% CI -0.12 to -0.01, P=0.049). Our study revealed an inverse association between SII and serum testosterone and FT in middle-aged and elderly men, particularly among men ≥ 60 years.

Associating serum testosterone levels with African ancestral prostate cancer health disparities

Serum testosterone levels decrease in the aging male, while the risk for prostate cancer (PCa) increases concomitantly. Higher levels in younger men have been linked with racially driven PCa disparities, with African men disproportionately impacted. In turn, higher levels of serum lipids have been associated with aggressive disease, while racial disparity between serum testosterone, cholesterol and cancer mortality has been suggested. Having previously reported a 2.1-fold increased age-adjusted risk for aggressive PCa in Black South African over Black American men, we determined the serum testosterone and associated lipid levels in 250 Black South African men either with or without clinicopathologically diagnosed disease. Observing no associations with serum lipid levels, Black South Africans presented with testosterone levels between 1.24 (< 60 years) and 1.3-fold (≥ 60 years) greater than Black Americans. Notably, a rapid drop in total-, bioavailable- and free testosterone levels in men 65 years or older was significantly associated with PCa risk (P = 0.0057, 0.009 and 0.005, respectively), while irrespective of age, further associated with advanced disease (P = 0.004, 0.0012 and 0.0036, respectively). These preliminary data provide insights into the potential role of androgens in driving PCa health disparities, with important consequence for tailoring treatment for Black men.