Total Suspended Solids Concentrations Research Articles

Assessing major drivers of runoff water quality using principal component analysis: a case study from a Colombian and a Brazilian catchments

ABSTRACT Understanding the major drivers of runoff water quality in urban areas is important for sustainable water management. In this study, runoff water quality in a catchment in Colombia and another in Brazil was monitored and related to rain, and meteorological variables through correlation and principal component analysis. High correlations were found between event mean concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP), as well as with total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total organic carbon (TOC). The results indicated that TSS and TP were related to sediment transport in the catchment, while NTK and TOC were derived from point sources (improper wastewater disposal). Rain depth, maximum specific discharge, air temperature, and solar radiation were the main factors explaining variability of water quality. These results contribute to a better understanding of local processes driving runoff water quality, and bring valuable insights for modelling and management of stormwater in urban catchments.

Assessing the Influence of Land-Use Changes on Water Quality Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Study in Cirata Reservoir, Indonesia

Environmental Changes in a round of reservoir have dramatic influences on the sedimentation and deterioration of water quality. A significant land-use change in Cibalagung sub-watershed has impact on the water quality in the Cirata reservoir. In this study, we used remote sensing and GIS to investigate the influence of land-use changes on water quality in Cibalagung sub-watershed, Cirata reservoir in 2004–2014. The influence of land-use changes on total suspended solids (TSS), as a main parameter of water quality, was determined by path analysis. This study indicated that 92.50 % of land-use changes through increasing mixed plantations, cropland, settlements, and grassland could affect the TSS content in the reservoir.

Operational Constraints of Detecting SARS-CoV-2 on Passive Samplers using Electronegative Filters: A Kinetic and Equilibrium Analysis.

In developing an effective monitoring program for the wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA), the importance of sampling methodology is paramount. Passive sampling has been shown to be an effective tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater. However, the adsorption characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on passive sampling material are not well-understood, which further obscures the relationship between wastewater surveillance and community infection. In this work, adsorption kinetics and equilibrium characteristics were evaluated using batch-adsorption experiments for heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (HI-SCV-2) adsorption to electronegative filters. Equilibrium isotherms were assessed or a range of total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations (118, 265, and 497 mg L–1) in wastewater, and a modeled qmax of 7 × 103 GU cm–2 was found. Surrogate adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model in wastewater with maximum concentrations achieved within 24 h. In both field and isotherm experiments, equilibrium behavior and viral recovery were found to be associated with wastewater and eluate TSS. On the basis of the results of this study, we recommend a standard deployment duration of 24–48 h and the inclusion of eluate TSS measurement to assess the likelihood of solids inhibition during analysis.

Yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii inoculation in mature and heterotrophic biofloc systems for Litopenaeus vannamei nursery rearing exhibits bioremediation potential and improvement of shrimp survival

This study aimed to isolate a yeast strain and evaluate its potential to be inoculated in the biofloc technology culture of Pacific white shrimp employing in vitro and in vivo assays. A yeast strain identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii (CPQBA 1459/17 DRM-01) was isolated from the soil of an estuary. Its growth kinetics under different salinities (0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% NaCl) and Vibrio alginolyticus inhibition were evaluated in vitro. For the in vivo assay, a factorial design was employed to evaluate the effects of yeast addition and biofloc management strategy in the nursery culture of Litopenaeus vannamei as regards shrimp growth performance, water quality and water microbiology. The two factors evaluated were biofloc (mature and heterotrophic) and yeast (addition or no addition), totaling four treatments. In the in vitro trials, the yeast strain was capable of growing under all salinities evaluated, but no pathogen inhibition was observed. In the in vivo experiment, the addition of yeast significantly reduced the concentration of total suspended solids (p < 0.05), in addition to promoting a higher post-larvae survival when considering only the two mature biofloc treatments (p < 0.05). No significant effects on water Vibrio spp. and total heterotrophic bacteria counts were found (p ≥ 0.05). In conclusion, the inoculation of yeast in the biofloc culture of L. vannamei exhibited bioremediation potential and improvement in shrimp survival, the latter being modulated by the biofloc management strategy.

Particle size distribution and total suspended solid concentrations in urban surface runoff

An in-depth understanding of particle size distribution as well as total suspended solids (TSS) in surface runoff is essential for managing urban diffuse pollution. In this study, field experiments and model simulation were undertaken to explore and confirm the dynamic runoff behaviour of TSS and their influencing factors. Field observation results showed that samples with high TSS concentrations contained coarser particles (>100 μm) during three natural rainfall events. Particle size distribution as well as road-deposited sediments (RDS) amount before and after these rainfall events also confirmed that a higher percentage of washed-off coarser particles resulted in higher TSS concentrations in surface runoff water. The impacts of rainfall characteristics, urban-rural gradients, surface roughness, and climate difference on particle distribution as well as TSS concentration were analyzed using the wash-off formula of particle size. These factors mainly affected the contribution rate of RDS to TSS by altering particle size composition; rates ranged from 4% to 44% under different rainfall characteristics. The critical particle size (<100 μm) was developed according to the mass percentage of particles with different sizes in RDS and TSS. Our results can provide a simple and effective way of assessing RDS contribution to TSS in surface runoff.

Research on heavy metal release with suspended sediment in Taihu Lake under hydrodynamic condition.

Heavy metals are often stored in the sediment of lakes or reservoirs and are easily released to the overlying water in the case of strong wind, which greatly affects the water environment of lakes or reservoirs. The conventional investigation of heavy metals in lakes has been relatively extensive, but there is no numerical model for heavy metals released into overlying water with suspended sediment under hydrodynamic action. In this paper, laboratory experiments were carried out, and it is found that the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Cd) often begins to stabilize after the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) reaches a stable level. With the increase of flow velocity (3.2 to 14cm/s), the final equilibrium concentration of TSS, Cr, Cu, and Cd will also increase from 174 to 1102mg/L, 0.72 to 1.14μg/L, 2.34 to 10.45μg/L, and 0.13 to 0.35μg/L, respectively. Based on lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), a numerical model of heavy metal released into overlying water under hydrodynamic conditions is established. Compared the simulated data with measured data, the average [Formula: see text] of LBM model can be reached at 0.827, higher than 0.711 of traditional simulation model. The development of the numerical model is conducive to the prediction of lake or reservoir environment and also provides a theoretical basis for heavy metal treatment in reservoirs.

Management-intensive grazing impacts on total Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, and antibiotic resistance genes in a riparian stream

The impacts of management-intensive grazing (MIG) of cattle on concentrations of total Escherichia coli, total suspended solids (TSS), and nitrate-nitrite nitrogen (NO3 + NO2-N), and occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 and selected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in stream water and/or sediments were evaluated. Cattle were grazed for two-week periods in May in each of three years. Overall, grazing increased total E. coli in downstream water by 0.89 log10 MPN/100 mL (p < 0.0001), and downstream total E. coli concentrations were higher than upstream over all sampling intervals. Downstream TSS levels also increased (p ≤ 0.0294) during grazing. In contrast, there was a main effect of treatment for downstream NO3 + NO2-N to be lower than upstream (3.59 versus 3.70 mg/L; p = 0.0323). Overwintering mallard ducks increased total E. coli and TSS concentrations in January and February (p < 0.05). For precipitation events during the 24 h before sampling, each increase of 1.00 cm of rainfall increased total E. coli by 0.49 log10 MPN/100 mL (p = 0.0005). In contrast, there was no association of previous 24 h precipitation volume on TSS (p = 0.1540), and there was a negative linear effect on NO3 + NO2-N (p = 0.0002). E. coli O157:H7 prevalence was low, but the pathogen was detected downstream up to 2½ months after grazing. Examination of ARGs sul1, ermB, blactx-m-32, and intI1 identified the need for additional research to understand the impact of grazing on the ecology of these resistance determinants in pasture-based cattle production. While E. coli remained higher in downstream water compared to upstream, MIG may reduce the magnitude of the downstream E. coli concentrations. Likewise, the MIG strategy may prevent large increases in TSS and NO3 + NO2-N concentrations during heavy rain events. Results indicate that MIG can limit the negative effects of cattle grazing on stream water quality.

Effects of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on phytoplankton community structure and water quality: a short-term mesocosm study

Nile tilapia is a highly invasive fish species, deliberately introduced into many lakes and reservoirs worldwide, sometimes resulting in significant ecosystem alterations. A short-term mesocosm experiment with and without Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was designed to test the hypotheses that the presence of tilapia may affect phytoplankton community structure, increase nutrients availability in water column and deteriorate water quality. Nutrients, total suspended solids (TSS) and biomass of phytoplankton in different size classes (as Chla) were measured. We found that tilapia increased the total nitrogen (TN), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), NH4+and TSS concentrations, deteriorating the water quality. In addition, under tilapia presence, the biomass of phytoplankton, as well as that of micro- and nano-phytoplankton, increased leading to a change in the structure of the phytoplankton assemblage. Moreover, a reduction in the biomass of periphyton was observed. Omnivorous tilapia is often dominant in tropical and subtropical waters, and removal of this fish may represent an effective management tool to improve the water quality.

Effect of electrode and electric current on peat water treatment with continuous electrocoagulation process

Peat water is surface water that inundates an area, formed from a pile of organic material for a long time. Peat water can skin irritation and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of the electrocoagulation method to neutralize pH and reduce levels of TSS and Fe in peat water and also to determine the effect of changes in electrode distancing and electric current on decreasing TSS and Fe levels and neutralizing the pH of peat water. The parameters tested include pH, TSS (Total Suspended Solid), and Fe content. The electrocoagulation process used electric current which flows in the direction through the electrodes. Electrocoagulation pipe was installed with electric cable that connected to the power supply with variation of current (1.0; 1.4; and 1. 8 A) and electrode distancing variations (0.5; 0.75; 1 in.). The results of this study show the optimum conditions obtained at 1.8 Ampere and 0.75-inch electrode distance with an increase in pH from 3.5 to 6.8, removing TSS from 128 to 36 mg / L, a decreasing Fe of 78.9% from 2.405 mg/L to 0.506 mg/L.

Runoff and drainage trade‐offs from cover crops exposed to freeze–thaw events

AbstractWinter cover crops are widely promoted for multiple ecosystem services although nutrient leaching from the plant biomass and subsequent transport of those nutrients is possible after freeze–thaw events. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of freeze–thaw conditions on both runoff and drainage or leachate water quality from two common cover crops. Rainfall simulations were performed on packed columns (20 cm diam.; 56 cm length) that included triplicate combinations of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), forage radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus), and bare soil and a heavy, light, and no freezing treatment. The two cover crops reduced runoff total suspended solids concentrations and nitrate leaching compared with a bare soil control, confirming many cover cropping benefits. The heavy freezing conditions (including two nights of &lt;–15 °C) resulted in significantly higher total phosphorus and nitrate concentrations in both runoff and leachate from the cereal rye, which had been killed, compared with unfrozen cereal rye. Some of the conditions tested in this lab‐scale study could be considered extreme (e.g., 10.1 cm h−1 rainfall × 2 h, −15.7 °C) but these results nonetheless help demonstrate the importance of effective conservation practices for both surface and subsurface flows as well as for multiple water quality parameters in the face of increasing weather variability.

Deep Learning Based Soft Sensor to Predict Total Suspended Solids of Refinery Water Treatment Plant Using Real Process Data

Soft sensors have proven themselves as a valuable tool in terms of quality prediction, process monitoring, process control and minimizing operating cost. Compared to traditional hardware sensors, a soft sensor is a technology that consists of all combinations of mathematical model, data processing and software techniques. Deep learning method has the great potential to be data-driven soft sensors. In this paper, Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) which is one of the deep learning model was developed as soft sensors for prediction of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentration having a role of water quality of New Water Treatment Plant (NWTP) in oil refinery. A real dataset consisting of 39 parameters (41,123 observations) over 6 months from different sensor measurements including flow, temperature, pressure and turbidity etc. was used for GRU model. Also, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for reducing the dimensionality of datasets, providing data interpretation and examining data that correlates with each other. In this case, three different scenarios were created using 5, 10 and 39 process variables as input based on the PCA results. The results show that acceptable estimation has been achieved through the developed algorithm. The minimum mean absolute errors of 0.0108 % for testing dataset and R2 of 0.899 for using 10 input variables that affect TSS concentration were achieved. The motivation in this study is that the data-driven predictive model is realized from historical data in large scale system, so it is valuable for the theory to take shape in an industrial application.

Effects of Sand-Harvesting on River Water Quality and Riparian Soil Physico-Chemical Properties

The widespread distribution of river sand-harvesting activities continues to degrade river water quality and the surrounding riverine environments. This study determined practical effects of sand-harvesting on two rivers in Kakamega County Kenya. Water samples were tested for turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS). For riparian soils, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), pH, organic carbon (OC), moisture content and textural class were determined on composite samples obtained from the filed. Two control sites not affected by sand-harvesting were also used for comparison. Results indicate TSS concentrations increased during the rainy season when sand-harvesting was occurring, with significant differences between the control and sand-harvesting sample groups. Between seasons—dry and wet—in natural circumstances, the riparian soil moisture and phosphorus contents increased significantly. The study shows that river sand-harvesting degrades the aesthetic value of riparian areas, and makes rivers prone to bank erosion, and silt. This increases river water turbidity. The study concludes that sand-harvesting does not directly affect the riparian soil moisture content, total N, P, pH, OC or textural class, but reduces productivity of riparian land and puts the riverine ecosystems at risk.

Acid mine wastewater treatment using electrocoagulation method

The research uses the electrocoagulation method as an alternative to treat acid mine wastewater. The electrocoagulation process occurs when the anode releases Al ions as an active coagulant into the solution to form floc, which binds contaminants and particles in acid mine wastewater. This could remove 99.95% of Fe in the case of wastewater from the iron ore beneficiation plant. However, until now, there are not many Al-Al electrodes used for the case of iron ore mine acid drainage. Therefore, this research aims to understand the effect of metal ion concentrations of Fe. In addition, through this study, the influence of pH and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) during electrocoagulation of the acid mine wastewater was also investigated. Those three variables were analyzed for the voltages and electrolyte concentration. From the study, it was found that the removal of Fe increased with the increase of the voltages. The optimum reduction of the Fe concentration could be achieved at the electrolyte concentration of 0.01 M. The electrocoagulation also neutralized the pH of the wastewater from 2.83 and reduced the TSS content from 131.04 to 9.5 mg/L. It is expected from this study that more research related to the use of electrocoagulation to treat acid mine wastewater can be conducted in the future, particularly with different variations of electrodes, electrolytes, and heavy metals to be removed.

Analisis Kualitas Air Pasca Tambang Emas d i Desa Wumbubangka , Kec a matan Rarowatu , Kabupaten Bombana

Southeast Sulawesi Province has great mining potential to support Indonesia's national mining. Especially in Bombana Regency, it has the potential for gold mining, but with mining activities, the mining area becomes nutrient-poor and toxic. Based on this research, we observed the levels of pH, mercury (Hg), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Copper (Cu) that accumulated in the waters around the gold mining area. The results showed that the pH level in sector 1 was 9.5 and sector 2 was 9.72. The Hg level also shows -0.0021 mg/L and -0.0014 mg/L. On the other hand, the high TSS content for sector 1 was 930 mg/L due to the sampling point being very close to the gold mining sector, while sector 2 started to decline by 410 mg/L. Cu analysis showed the same value, namely -0.00032 mg/L, it was concluded that the gold quality in sectors 1 and 2 had the same grade.

Evaluation of Settling Chamber Hydraulic Retention Time in a Sunshine Bass Biofloc Production System

AbstractHigh total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations that result from the high feeding rates used in biofloc technology production systems can negatively impact fish performance. Excess TSS are removed from biofloc production tanks by side‐stream settling chambers. The effects on solids removal, water quality dynamics, and performance of sunshine bass (female White Bass Morone chrysops × male Striped Bass M. saxatilis) from three settling chamber hydraulic retention times (HRTs; 18, 43, and 87 min; designated HRT18, HRT43, and HRT87, respectively) were evaluated in this 126‐d study in biofloc tanks. Corresponding settling chamber flow rates were 7.2, 3.0, and 1.5 L/min, respectively, and corresponding tank turnover times were 8.3, 20.0, and 40.0 h. Upon activation of settling chambers, the TSS concentration decreased faster in the HRT87 treatment than in the other two treatments. The dry matter mass of solids discharged each time the settling chambers were drained and the total dry matter mass of solids discharged both increased linearly with HRT. Compared to the HRT43 and HRT87 treatments, nitrate‐nitrogen in the HRT18 treatment accumulated about 17% more slowly and 25% less sodium bicarbonate was needed, which suggests that nitrification was impacted negatively by the elevated settling chamber flow rate. Denitrification was not detected in settling chambers given the absence of significant differences between influent and effluent dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations in all treatments. Sunshine bass performed well in all treatments, with overall production averaging 4.4 kg/m3 at 81.9% survival. Although sunshine bass were grown successfully to market size in biofloc culture, future research should address higher stocking rates and settling chamber operational parameters to maintain higher TSS concentrations and promote denitrification. Thus, the results of this study suggest that a minimum settling chamber HRT of 43 min is appropriate for biofloc culture of hybrid striped bass.

Anaerobic Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor Development to Facilitate Organic Waste Conversion to Medium-Chain Carboxylic Acids and Their Downstream Recovery

Platform chemicals such as medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) can be produced from organic waste streams via chain elongation in anaerobic mixed-culture bioreactors. A product recovery system is needed to collect MCCAs from the bioreactor effluent. Membrane-based liquid–liquid extraction, the most commonly used product recovery approach, requires suspended solids removal from the bioreactor effluent to avoid membrane fouling. An anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) was developed to evaluate MCCA production from brewery and prefermented food waste and to produce a permeate with low suspended solids to facilitate downstream product recovery. The AnDMBR employed an inexpensive stainless-steel mesh as the support material for the development of a biofilm or dynamic membrane, which was responsible for solids–liquid separation. The AnDMBR produced a permeate quality with an average total suspended solids (TSS) concentration of 0.12 g L–1, while the average bioreactor TSS concentration was two orders of magnitude higher (21.6 g L–1). A maximum solids removal efficiency of ≥99% was achieved and good permeate quality was sustained for over 200 days without fouling control or cleaning the support material. In addition to solids–liquid separation, the dynamic membrane was responsible for a substantial fraction of the biological activity of the AnDMBR. The relative activity of Clostridiales, as determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, correlated with MCCA production and was higher in the dynamic membrane (20.0 ± 4.9%) than in the suspended biomass (5.2 ± 2.7%) in the bioreactor. This observation was consistent with MCCA production data as the permeate MCCA concentrations were significantly (p = 8.2 × 10–5) higher than that in the bioreactor, suggesting that the dynamic membrane biofilm contributed to chain elongation.

Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Distillery Wastewater at Habib Sugar Mills, Nawabshah

The aim of this study is to perceive the level of significant physicochemical characteristics of Distillery Wastewater (DWW) at Habib Sugar Mills, Nawabshah, Pakistan. Five locations in the mill namely spent wash, digester tank, distillery, primary treatment, and secondary treatment were selected for analysis of pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the samples. The samples were taken on a weekly basis for four succeeding months, from January 2021 to April 2021 and the experiments were carried out in the laboratory by adopting standard procedures. The results revealed that the pH of the samples from spent wash was the lowest, whereas secondary treatment samples had the highest. On the contrary, the highest concentrations of TDS, TSS, and COD were found in the samples taken from the spent wash and the lowest from the secondary treatment. The pH values were found abruptly increasing in the digester tank due to the addition of calcium carbonate in the stream of wastewater after the spent wash. The COD concentration was found to rapidly decrease, from more than 106000mg/l in the spent wash to around 35000mg/l in the digester tank samples, and then to gradually decrease up to the final point of disposal. Overall, TDS, TSS, and COD values were higher during April, January, and February and lower during March. The level of pH was extremely low in the spent wash and did not meet the lower limits of standards and the other examined parameters exceeded the upper limits of WHO standards.

Transport and partitioning of metals in river networks of a plain area with sedimentary resuspension and implications for downstream lakes

This study showed that metal transport and partitioning are primarily controlled by suspended solids with seasonal flow regimes in plain river networks with sedimentary resuspension. Eight metal species containing iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), in multiple phases of sediments, suspended solids (>0.7 μm), colloids (1 nm-0.7 μm) and dissolved phase (<1 nm) were analysed to characterize their temporal-spatial patterns, partitioning and transport on a watershed scale. Metal concentrations were associated with suspended solids in the water column and decreased from low flow to high flow. However, metal partitioning between particulate phase (suspended solids) and dissolvable phases (colloids and dissolved phase) was reversed and increased from low flow to high flow with decreased concentration of total suspended solids and median particle size. Partition coefficients (kp) showed differences among metal species, with higher values for Pb (354.3–649.0 L/g) and Cr (54.2–223.7 L/g) and lower values for Zn (2.5–25.2 L/g) and Cd (17.3–21.0 L/g). Metal concentrations in sediments increased by factors of 1.2–3.0 from upstream to downstream in watersheds impacted by urbanization. The behaviours of metals in rivers provide deeper insight into the ecological risks they pose for downstream lakes, where increased redox potential and organic matter may increase metal mobility due to algal blooms. Areas with heavy pollution of metals and the transport routines of metals in the river networks were also revealed in our research.

Economic Analysis of the Application of the Technological System for Removing Suspended Solids from Mine Drainage Waters

This paper presents the results of the technological and economic analysis of mine water treatment systems before their discharge into the environment. The following analysis enabled us to determine the profitability of the investment, taking into account the TSS (total suspended solids) concentration in mine water. The simulation results showed that it is economically profitable to apply a water treatment system if natural sedimentation carried out in underground mine water passages, or in sedimentation tanks located on the ground, is ineffective for TSS removal. Economic and financial parameters allow us to conclude that all analyzed variants of the application of a pre-treatment system are characterized by high economic effectiveness. This mainly results from the high profitability of an analyzed investment, comparatively low capital expenditure, and present low market percentage rates. The most profitable variant (TSS concentration is 1000 mg/dm3) brings significant economic indicators, i.e., high NPV–Net Present Value (100 319 270.28 PLN), a high NPVR–Net Present Value Ratio (8.96 PLN/PLN), and a short discount payback period (1 year 236.6 days). A high internal rate of return (157.8%) for this variant reduces the risk of losing profitability in a situation of growing capital costs in the monetary market.

EVALUATION OF TWO-STAGE SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR ABATTOIR WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Abattoir wastewater is high in organic content, the waste recovery and treatment facility is expensive and this results in indiscriminate dumping into streams without adequate treatment. The effectiveness of using a two-stage subsurface flow constructed wetland to treat abattoir effluent was examined in this study. Diluted abattoir wastewater from Lafenwa Abattoir, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria was fed into a two-stage Vegetated Subsurface Bed Constructed Wetlands (VSBCW). The VSBCW consisted of 500 mm deep 10-15 mm diameter granite with 150 mm thick overlay of well graded sand planted with locally available Vetiveria nigritana. Grab samples were collected at selected points along Ogun river and measurement of physico-chemical parameters such as: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) of the influent and effluent from the VSBCW were carried out. Irrigation with water and diluted abattoir wastewater to examine the variation in plant growth rate was also investigated. The results revealed a pollution load reduction as the wastewater moves away from the discharge point but inadequate to meet the FEPA (1991) standard for wastewater discharge into rivers. The VSBCW was observed to reduce the concentration of BOD5, COD, EC, TDS and TSS in the abattoir wastewater by 88.71, 87.28, 45.72, 56.89 and 72.27 % respectively. The growth rate of the V. nigritana reduced by 1.9% when irrigated with abattoir wastewater. The study revealed that locally available V. nigritana in VSBCW is effective in abattoir wastewater treatment and could be use to curtail the pollution caused by discharge of untreated wastewater into rivers.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;