Total Interference Research Articles

Experimental Determination of the Relationship between S=O Bond Length and Its Stretching Frequency of DMSO Molecule

Abstract Time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopic measurements have been carried out for pure deuterated dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-d6), concentrated 20 mol% lithium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA) –DMSO-d6 , 14 mol% LiCl-DMSO and 3 mol% NiCl2-DMSO solutions in order to obtain the relationship between intramolecular S=O bond length (rSO) and its stretching vibrational frequency (νSO) in the liquid state. The S=O bond length of DMSO molecule has been determined from the least squares fitting analysis of neutron and X-ray total interference terms observed in the high-Q region. The νSO-rSO plot involving the present results and experimental data reported for gaseous and crystalline DMSO as well as DMSO complexes with metal ions, has indicated that the νSO-rSO relationship is well approximated by a linear function. The value dνSO/drSO = -3600 ± 400 cm-1Å-1 was obtained from slope of the fitted function. It has been revealed that the S=O bond length of DMSO molecule sensitively reflects intermolecular interactions receiving from its environment.

Optimization of Electromagnetic-Wave Reflectivity Performance of Electromagnetic Shielding Yarn Prepared by Evaporation-Induced Sintering of Ga60.5In25Sn13Zn1.5 Alloy with Nanosilicates.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding textiles have received widespread attention, and liquid metal (LM) shows superiority in flexible and deformable electronics. Here, we introduce a novel method using nanosilicates to help sinter LM through capillary evaporation, resulting in strong adhesion to substrates. By adjustment of the amount of nanosilicates, flexible EMI shielding yarns are created using dip-coating and curing processes. The sintered LM tightly adhered to the undulating and uneven surfaces of polyurethane (PU) yarns. The as-fabricated ION/LM@PU ("ION" is abbreviation of "ionogel") has strong EMI shielding and low EM-wave reflection due to the high electrical conductivity of the LM layer and good impedance matching of P(AAm-co-AA) ionogel. The addition of an ionogel enhances EM-wave absorption and strengthens interfacial polarization, making it an effective green EMI shielding yarn for reducing secondary reflection pollution. ION/LM@PU exhibited high total electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SET) (∼56 dB), low reflected power coefficient (R) (∼0.153), high impedance matching (|Zin/Z0| ≈ 0.660), high tensile strength (∼23.75 MPa), and high elastic recovery (∼0.92 at 10th stretch-release cycle). The EMI shielding mechanism of ION/LM@PU ± 60° is composed of reflective loss and absorption loss (including multireflective loss, conduction loss, dipole polarization loss, and interfacial polarization loss).

Ris-aided integrated sensing and communication: Beamforming design and antenna selection

This work considers an integrated sensing and communication system, where a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is utilized to manage interference and radar signals. The sensors are attached to the RIS to sense multiple targets. A joint design of the base station transmit beamforming and RIS phase shift matrix is proposed to minimize total interference and maximize the worst received signal power at the RIS sensors. Due to highly coupled transmit beamforming and RIS phase matrices, the optimization problem is decoupled into two subproblems and solved iteratively by semidefinite programming and a manifold-based Riemannian steepest descent algorithm. We further design energy-aware beamforming to eliminate the interference induced by radar probing signals. Antenna selection with the ℓ0 norm is introduced to exclude redundant antennas while maintaining the sufficient multiple beams for multiple users and targets with minimized required antennas. Due to the nonconvexity of the ℓ0-norm, we relax the number of active transmit antennas as a weighted ℓ1-norm and employ a concave approximation for the constraint on the radar beampattern. Numerical results illustrate that the proposed algorithms can effectively reduce interference and strengthen the received signal power for radar sensing, achieving mutual benefit for communication and sensing performance.

Associations between dual-task walking and cognitive impairment in people attending a cognitive diagnostic clinic.

Dual-task walking performance is an early marker of dementia. However, there is uncertainty about which measure of the dual-task test is a better marker. The objective of this study was to determine which dual-task measure best differentiates between normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Participants (n = 116) were aged ≥60 years attending a cognitive clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Single- and dual-task gait speed were obtained using a 16 metre distance and stopwatch. The cognitive task involved reciting alternate letters of the alphabet sitting and walking. Dual-task interference in gait and cognition was calculated as: single-task-dual-task/single task × 100 and summed to obtain total interference. Multiple linear regression was used to determine differences in single and dual-task measures between those with no cognitive impairment (n = 11), MCI (n = 54) and dementia (n = 51). The mean age of the sample was 76.9 (SD 6.4) years and 48.3% (n = 56) were female. Compared to those with dementia: (a) those with MCI had a higher dual-task letter rate and lower cognitive and total interference (all indicate better performance) (p < .05) and (b) those with no cognitive impairment had a higher single- and dual-task letter rate (both indicate better performance) (p < .05). There were no differences between those with no cognitive impairment and those with MCI (all p > .05). In a cognitive clinic, measurement during dual-task walking differentiated those with dementia from those with MCI or no cognitive impairment. However, differences appear to be driven by performance on the cognitive, rather than the gait task.

A-136 Icteric Interference is not Resolved with Sample Dilution in Serum Creatinine and Total Protein Assays

Abstract Background Icterus is a common endogenous interference that can cause falsely low results for serum creatinine and total protein. It can be defined by elevated unconjugated (indirect) and conjugated (direct) bilirubin levels and is most commonly associated with liver dysfunction. Recent literature suggests that dilutions can be a reliable method to reduce bilirubin interference. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the vendor’s on-board sample dilution can eliminate icteric interference with creatinine and total protein. Methods Creatinine (enzymatic) and total protein interference studies were performed on an automated chemistry analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, cobas c702). Low, mid, and high sample pools for each analyte were divided into four equal volumes. To achieve an icterus index (II) of approximately 40 (approximately 40 mg/dL of bilirubin), one sample pool was spiked with unconjugated bilirubin, and one pool was spiked with conjugated bilirubin. An equal amount of diluent was added into each control pool and remained at an II of approximately 0. The icteric and control samples were measured for conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin, serum indices, and the target analyte. Using the on-board dilution function, the icteric creatinine and total protein pools were diluted using a 1:4 and 1:3 dilution, respectively. All samples were analyzed in triplicate. Percent variance was found by calculating the difference between the average dilution result and control result and then dividing by the average control result. Results Conclusions Only modest alleviation of icteric interference was noted with dilution. The average bias was 10% for creatinine and 24% with total protein, after dilution. The on-board sample dilution is not effective in eliminating icteric interference when measuring both creatinine and total protein.

Improved Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Efficiency of PVDF/rGO/AgNW Composites via Low-Pressure Compression Molding and AgNW-Backfilling Strategy.

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have excellent electrical conductivity and nano-sized effects and have been widely used as a high-performance electromagnetic shielding material. However, silver nanowires have poor mechanical properties and are prone to fracture during the preparation of composite materials. In this study, PVDF/rGO/AgNW composites with a segregated structure were prepared using low-pressure compression molding and the AgNW-backfilling process. The low-pressure compression of the composite significantly improves its electromagnetic shielding performance because the low-pressure process can maintain the AgNWs' integrity. The backfilled AgNWs played a vital role in increasing the path of electromagnetic wave propagation and the absorption of electromagnetic waves. The backfilled amount of AgNWs was only 1 wt%, which increased the composite material's conductivity by one order of magnitude. The total electromagnetic interference shielding (SET) of the composite materials increased by 23.3% from 24.88 dB to 30.67 dB. The absorption contribution (SEA/SET) increased from 84.2% to 92.8%, significantly improving the electromagnetic interference shielding and the absorption contribution of the AgNWs in the composites. This was attributed to the backfilling of the porous structure by the AgNWs, which promoted multiple reflections and enhanced the absorption contribution.

Methadone versus other opioids for refractory malignant bone pain: a pilot randomised controlled study

PurposeRefractory cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) affects a patient’s functional capacity and quality of life, but there is limited evidence to guide opioid choice. We assessed the feasibility, tolerability and possible efficacy of methadone rotation (MR) compared to other opioid rotations (OOR) in this cohort.MethodsAdults with CIBP and worst pain intensity ≥ 4/10 and/or opioid toxicity graded ≥ 2 on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events were randomised 1:1 to methadone or another opioid rotation. Standardised assessment tools were used at pre-defined study time points up to 14 days.ResultsOf 51 eligible participants, 38 (74.5%) consented, and 29 (76.3%, MR: 14, OOR: 15) completed the fourteen days follow-up post-opioid rotation. Both groups displayed significant reduction in average (MR: d = − 1.2, p = 0.003, OOR: d = − 0.8, p = 0.015) and worst pain (MR: d = − 0.9, p = 0.042, OOR: d = − 0.6, p = 0.048) and total pain interference score (MR: d = − 1.1, p = 0.042, OOR: d = − 0.7, p = 0.007). Oral morphine equivalent daily dose was reduced significantly in MR compared to the OOR group (d = − 0.8, p = 0.05). The incidence of opioid-related adverse events following MR was unchanged but lower in the OOR group (d = 0.9, 95% CI 0.1,1.7, p = 0.022). There were no within-group or between-group differences in satisfaction with analgesia at the end of the study.ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrated that MR and OOR in patients with refractory CIBP are feasible, safe and acceptable to patients. Appropriately powered multi-centre randomised controlled studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of MR and OOR in this cohort.Trial registrationACTRN12621000141842 registered 11 February 2021.

Asymmetric multilayered cellulose nanofiber composite membranes with electrical-magnetic dual-gradient architectures towards excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performance

The structural design strategies of MXene-based nanocomposites have demonstrated critical significance for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. Herein, novel asymmetric multilayered cellulose nanofiber/multiwalled carbon nanotube@ferroferric oxide/MXene (CNF/MWCNT@Fe3O4/MXene) composite membranes with electrical-magnetic dual-gradient structures were prepared via layered-by-layered self-assembly strategy. Briefly, CNF/MWCNT@Fe3O4 layers are designed as the negative gradient absorption layers which provide dielectric/magnetic double loss. Meanwhile, MXene layers serve as the positive gradient reflection layers which generate multiple reflections and conduct loss. Thus, gradient multilayered CNF/MWCNT@Fe3O4/MXene composite membranes exhibit a total electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SET) of 73.20 dB at the thickness of 180 μm and R-value of 0.99934 in the X-band. Furthermore, the asymmetric gradient multilayer composite membrane reveals a superior EMI shielding performance in comparison with that of homogeneous multilayered composite membranes. When electromagnetic waves (EMWs) pass through the gradient multilayered CNF/MWCNT@Fe3O4/MXene composite membrane, the rational asymmetric gradient multilayered structures contribute to a “gradually decreasing absorption-gradually increasing reflection” shielding mechanism. Thereby, the design strategy of asymmetric electrical-magnetic dual-gradient structures is advantageous in enhancing the EMI shielding ability of polymeric composites.

Quasi-Hyperbolic Framework Graphite Foam-Based Composites with High Thermal Conductivity and Electromagnetic Shielding Properties Fabricated by an Electrochemical Expansion Method.

Nowadays, the rapid development of electronic devices requires composites with high thermal conductivity and good electromagnetic shielding properties. The key challenge lies in the construction of high-performance conductive networks. Herein, an electrochemical expansion graphite foam (EEG) with a quasi-hyperbolic framework was prepared by an electrochemical expansion method, and then the epoxy resin (EP) was filled to fabricate the composites. The graphite plate was first electrochemically intercalated and then foamed, in which plasticization was caused by weak oxidation in intercalation and the quasi-hyperbolic framework was induced by foaming during expansion. These processes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), micro-Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and so on. Based on the highly efficient quasi-hyperbolic framework and high-quality graphite structure, the thermal conductivity of the composite reached 43.523 W/(m·K), and total electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding (SET) reached 105 dB. The heat transfer behavior was simulated by finite element analysis (FEA) in detail. This method of preparing high thermal conductivity and electromagnetic shielding materials has a good application prospect.

A finite element model for investigating the influence of keel design and position on unicompartmental knee replacement cementless tibial component fixation

ObjectivesThe cementless Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (OUKR) tibial component relies on an interference fit to achieve initial fixation. The behaviour at the implant-bone interface is not fully understood and hence modelling of implants using Finite Element (FE) software is challenging. With a goal of exploring alternative implant designs with lower fracture risk and adequate fixation, this study aims to investigate whether optimisation of FE model parameters could accurately reproduce experimental results of a pull-out test which assesses fixation. Materials and methodsFinite element models of implants with three methods of fixation (standard keel, small keel, and peg) in a bone analogue foam block were created, in which implants were modelled using an analytical rigid definition and the foam block was modelled as a homogenous linear isotropic material. The total interference and elastic slip were varied in these models and optimised by comparing simulated and experimental results of pull-out tests for two (standard and peg) implant geometries. Then the optimised interference and elastic slip were validated by comparing simulated and experimental data of a third (small keel) implant geometry. ResultsThe optimisation of parameters established an interference of 0.16 mm and an elastic slip of 0.20 mm as most suitable for modelling the experimental force–displacement plots during pull-out. This combination of parameters accurately reproduced the experimental results of the small keel geometry. The maximum pull-out forces from the FE models were consistent with experimental data for each implant design. ConclusionsThis study shows that experimental pull-out tests can be accurately modelled using adjusted interference values and non-linear friction and outlines a method for determining these parameters. This study demonstrates that complex problems in modelling implant behaviour can be addressed with relatively simple models. This can potentially lead to the development of implants with reduced risk of failure.

Minimal Detectable Change for the ImPACT Subtests at Baseline.

To establish the minimal detectable change (MDC) of the subtests that comprise the composite scores from remotely administered Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) baselines. Remote ImPACT baseline data from 172 (male = 45, female = 127) National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes from the 2020 and 2021 athletic preseasons were used to calculate the MDC at the 95%, 90%, and 80% confidence intervals (CIs) for all subtest scores used to generate the four core composite scores and the impulse control composite. The MDCs for the verbal memory subtests at the 95% CI were 10.31 for word memory percent correct, 4.68 for symbol match total correct hidden, and 18.25 for three letters percentage correct. Visual memory subtest MDCs were 19.03 for design memory total percent correct and 4.90 for XO total correct memory. Visual motor speed subtest MDCs were 18.89 for XO total correct interference and 5.40 for three letters average counted correctly. Reaction time (RT) MDCs were 0.12 for XO average correct, 0.95 for symbol match average correct RT, and 0.28 for color match average correct. Impulse control MDCs were 5.97 for XO total incorrect and 1.15 for color match total commissions. One-way repeated measures MANOVA, repeated measures ANOVAs, and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test all suggested no significant difference between any subtests across two remote ImPACT baselines. The ImPACT subtest scores did not significantly change between athletic seasons. Our study suggests the subtests be evaluated in conjunction with the composite scores to provide additional metrics for clinical interpretation.

Tracking the Activity and Position of Mitochondrial β-Barrel Proteins.

Total interference reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy of lipid bilayers is an effective technique for studying the lateral movement and ion channel activity of single integral membrane proteins. Here we describe how to integrate the mitochondrial outer membrane preprotein translocase TOM-CC and its β-barrel protein-conducting channel Tom40 into supported lipid bilayers to identify possible relationships between movement and channel activity. We propose that our approach can be readily applied to membrane protein channels where transient tethering to either membrane-proximal or intramembrane structures is accompanied by a change in channel permeation.

Experimental determination of relationship between intramolecular bond lengths and their stretching vibrational frequencies of N,N-dimethylformamide and acetonitrile molecules in the liquid state

Abstract Time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction measurements have been carried out on pure liquid deuterated N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF-d7), acetonitrile (AN-d3), and their concentrated LiTFSA solutions to investigate the effect of intermolecular interaction to intramolecular bond lengths, rCO, of the DMF and rCN of the AN molecules in the liquid state. Intramolecular parameters of DMF and AN are determined by least-squares fitting analyses of neutron total interference terms observed in the high-Q region. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) IR spectra have been measured for pure liquid DMF, AN, and their LiTFSA solutions of natural abundances to determine the average C=O and C≡N stretching vibrational frequencies (νCO and νCN) of the DMF and AN molecules, respectively. The relationships between rCO and νCO for DMF, and between rCN and νCN for AN, are well approximated by linear functions. The value, dνCO/drCO = −3,400 ± 1,600 cm−1 Å−1 has been derived for DMF from the slope of the fitted function. dνCN/drCN = −7,000 ± 3,000 cm−1 Å−1 has been obtained for AN. It has been revealed that the C = O bond length of the DMF and the C≡N one of the AN molecules are sensitively affected by intermolecular interaction.

Planting season alters the interference of weeds in the common bean

The common bean has social, economic, culinary, and environmental relevance. Considering its low competitive capacity and the intensive use of herbicides, methods such as planting time can help in weed management. To determine the effect of the planting season on controlling weeds affecting common beans, an experiment was conducted during the summer planting and another in winter planting . For that seven incrementing periods were implemented: 0-10, 0-20, 0-30, 0-40, 0-50, 0-60 and 0-80 days after bean emergence with coexistence of weeds and the same periods with control of weeds, which established 14 treatments in four repetitions, under a random block design. Weeds were analyzed using a phytosociological method and their dry mass with yield examined by regression. The non-linear regression analysis determined the pre-interference period (PIP), the critical period for interference prevention (CPIP) and the total interference prevention period (TIP). The relevant species were Nicandra physaloides, Digitaria nuda and Raphanus raphanistrum. The TIP was similar in both planting seasons. The CPIP was 38 and 33 days in summer planting and winter planting, respectively. The PIP had six more days in winter planting compared to summer planting. The higher dry mass in weeds reduced yield by 14.7 % in winter planting, in relation to the summer planting, but the reduction was faster in this season. Winter planting conferred a certain competitive advantage to the crop over some weed species, thus it could be suggested planting common bean in that season

Cf/(CrZrHfNbTa)C–SiC high-entropy ceramic matrix composites for potential multi-functional applications

In this work, Cf/(CrZrHfNbTa)C–SiC high-entropy ceramic matrix composites with good load-bearing, electromagnetic shielding and ablation resistance were designed and reported for the first time. The composites were fabricated by an efficient combined processing of slurry infiltration lamination (SIL) and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP). Density and porosity of the as-fabricated composites are 2.72 g/cm3 and 12.44 vol.%, respectively, and the flexural strength is 185 ± 13 MPa. Due to the carbon fiber reinforcement with high conductivity and strong reflection, and high-entropy (CrZrHfNbTa)C ceramic matrix with strong absorbability, the total Electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (SET) of the composites with a thickness of 3 mm are as high as 88.2 dB and 90 dB respectively in X-band and Ku-band. This means that higher than 99.999999 % electromagnetic shielding is achieved at 8–18 GHz, showing excellent electromagnetic shielding performance. The Cf/(CrZrHfNbTa)C–SiC composites also present excellent ablation resistance, with the linear and mass ablation rates of 0.9 µm/s and 1.82 mg/s after ablation at the heat flux of 5 MW/m2 for 300 s (∼2450 °C). This work opens a new insight for the synergistic design of structural and functional integrated materials with load-bearing, electromagnetic shielding and ablation resistance, etc.

Early versus delayed computed tomography-guided celiac plexus neurolysis for palliative pain management in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Abdominal and back pain is the most frequent symptom in patients with pancreatic cancer, with pain management being extremely challenging. This study aimed to evaluate pain control, opioid consumption, pain-interfered quality of life, and survival after early and delayed computed tomography (CT)-guided celiac plexus neurolysis (CPN). A retrospective analysis of pancreatic cancer patients receiving CPN for pain (n = 56) between June 2018 and June 2021 was done. The patients were grouped as early group (n = 22) and delayed group (n = 34) on the basis of the presence of persistent refractory pain according to expert consensus on refractory cancer pain. Both groups were comparable in demographic characteristics and baseline pain conditions measured using the numeric rating scale (5.77 ± 1.23 vs. 6.27 ± 1.21; p = 0.141). The pain scores were significantly reduced in both groups; early CPN resulted in significantly lower scores from 3 to 5 months. The opioid consumption gradually decreased to a minimum at 2 weeks but increased at 1 month (35.56 ± 30.14 mg and 50.48 ± 47.90 mg, respectively); significantly larger consumption from 2 to 4 months was seen in the delayed group. The total pain interference was lower than baseline in all patients, with significant improvement after early CPN in sleep, appetite, enjoyment of life, and mood. The average survival time of the two groups was comparable. Early application of CT-guided CPN for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer may help reduce pain exacerbation and opioids consumption, without influencing the survival.

Graph Neural Networks for Distributed Power Allocation in Wireless Networks: Aggregation Over-the-Air

Distributed power allocation is important for interference-limited wireless networks with dense transceiver pairs. In this paper, we aim to design low signaling overhead distributed power allocation schemes by using graph neural networks (GNNs), which are scalable to the number of wireless links. We first apply the message passing neural network (MPNN), a unified framework of GNN, to solve the problem. We show that the signaling overhead grows quadratically as the network size increases. Inspired from the over-the-air computation (AirComp), we then propose an Air-MPNN framework, where the messages from neighboring nodes are represented by the transmit power of pilots and can be aggregated efficiently by evaluating the total interference power. The signaling overhead of Air-MPNN grows linearly as the network size increases, and we prove that Air-MPNN is permutation invariant. To further reduce the signaling overhead, we propose the Air message passing recurrent neural network (Air-MPRNN), where each node utilizes the graph embedding and local state in the previous frame to update the graph embedding in the current frame. Since existing communication systems send a pilot during each frame, Air-MPRNN can be integrated into the existing standards by adjusting pilot power. Simulation results validate the scalability of the proposed frameworks, and show that they outperform the existing power allocation algorithms in terms of sum-rate for various system parameters.

Electrical and Electromagnetic Characteristics of Poly (Methyl Methacrylate)/Polyaniline PMMA/PANi Conductive Film

In this study, a conductive film of poly (methyl methacrylate)/polyaniline (PMMA/PANi) was fabricated through a free radical copolymerization reaction using methyl methacrylate (MMA) and aniline monomers at different aniline-to-MMA ratios, namely, 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. The PMMA/PANi copolymer films exhibited a total electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SET) of 0.45, 0.60, and 1.22 dB, respectively, which is more than twice that of the pure PMMA film (0.16 dB). The copolymer films possess the highest conductivity of 2.34 x 10−6 S/cm at the optimum value of aniline for films polymerized with a 1:3 PMMA:PANi ratio. Higher conductivity materials exhibited lower resistance and, thus, absorbed more EM energy, resulting in better EMI shielding

Associations between Symptoms and Exercise Barriers in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Despite exercise benefits for cancer survivor health, most breast cancer survivors do not meet exercise recommendations. Few studies have examined associations between psychosocial symptoms and exercise barriers in this population. To improve physician exercise counseling by identifying survivors with high barriers in a clinical setting, associations between breast cancer symptoms (fatigue, mood, sleep quality) and exercise barriers were investigated. Physically inactive survivors (N = 320; average age 55 ± 8 years, 81% White, 77% cancer stage I or II) completed a baseline survey for a randomized physical activity trial and secondary analyses were performed. Potential covariates, exercise barriers interference score, Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were assessed. Based on multiple linear regression analyses, only HADS Global (B = 0.463, p < 0.001) and number of comorbidities (B = 0.992, p = 0.01) were independently associated with total exercise barriers interference score, explaining 8.8% of the variance (R2 = 0.088, F(2,317) = 15.286, p < 0.001). The most frequent barriers to exercise for survivors above the HADS clinically important cut point included procrastination, routine, and self-discipline. These results indicate greater anxiety levels, depression levels, and comorbidities may be independently associated with specific exercise barriers. Health professionals should consider mood and comorbidities when evaluating survivors for exercise barriers, and tailoring exercise counseling.

Direct Determination of the Relationship between the Intramolecular Oxygen-Hydrogen Bond Length and Its Stretching Vibrational Frequency of the Methanol Molecule in the Liquid State.

Time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction measurements on pure liquid deuterated methanol and concentrated methanolic LiClO4 and LiTFSA solutions have been carried out to investigate the effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonds on the intramolecular O-D distance (rOD) of the methanol molecule in the liquid state. Intramolecular parameters for the methanol molecule are determined by the least-squares fitting analysis of the neutron total interference term observed in the high-Q region. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) IR spectra have been measured for methanolic solutions of natural abundance to determine the gravitational center frequency (νOH) of the stretching vibrational band of the methanol molecule. The relationship between rOD and νOH is approximated well by a linear function. The value dνOH/drOD = -17000 ± 3000 cm-1 Å-1 has been derived from the slope of the fitted function. It has been revealed that the O-D bond length of the methanol molecule is sensitively affected by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction.