This review aims to systematically survey the current landscape of renewable energy applications in large-scale concerts, highlighting both the progress made and the persistent challenges. The technical realm this article will discuss focuses on electrical engineering, including solar power, energy conversion, piezoelectricity and energy storage. By analyzing electric power and carbon dioxide emissions during a concert, this article provides an overview of the basics of various techniques for energy conservation and emission reduction, including power distribution optimization, piezoelectricity, energy storage, and solar power. By using the Integrated Power Carbon Emission Factor Method, the mean total carbon dioxide emission is calculated. Additionally, by measuring electrical loads, this article has established a clear framework for total electrical power usage. This article also makes an example of a Coldplay concert. It utilizes techniques that contribute to energy conservation and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, demonstrating the significance of developing cutting-edge techniques and following trends in fostering green concerts. Given China's basic national conditions and technological superiority, this article compares optimized functions across various technologies to discuss the battery recycling process in electric cars and the piezoelectric effect. In conclusion, this article proposes a strategy combining piezoelectricity, solar power, and energy storage that is technically and financially feasible. Finally, future research directions and implementation pathways are suggested to realize the proposed electrical distribution model.

This study determined the in vitro and in vivo rumen fermentation patterns and nutrient digestibility during the pre-weaning period of Holstein crossbreed (Baladi × Holstein) dairy calves supplemented with different levels of aqueous, ethanol, and a combination of aqueous and ethanol extracts of the basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves. In an in vitro study, a basal diet (80% starter feed: 20% Trifolium alexandrinum hay) was incubated without additives (control) and with aqueous extract, solvent extract, or a combination of both extracts of basil leaves [1 and 2 mL/kg dry matter (DM)], for 24 h to assess their effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation, feed degradability, and gas and methane (CH4) production. Thirty Baladi × Holstein crossbred dairy calves aged 4 or 5 days were divided into three experimental groups: the control group (without additive, n = 10) and two supplemented groups (n = 10 per group) with 1 mL and 2 mL of Ocimum basilicum extract (OBE)/calf for the apparent total-tract digestibility for 90 days. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) spectrum of OBE showed that the main components of OBE varied with the extraction method. 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-methyl ester was detected in all three extraction methods with varying concentrations: aqueous (39.28%), ethanol (9.75%), and mixed aqueous-ethanol (17.99%). Despite these variations, the characteristics of gas production and rumen fermentation did not differ significantly. However, the solvent OBE extract, particularly at lower doses, numerically reduced CH4 production, with the low-dose solvent treatment showing a 5.2% decrease in CH4 relative to the control. Supplementation with OBE increased the concentrations of acetic acid and total volatile fatty acids and enhanced total gas production compared to the control. Suckling calves fed an OBE-supplemented diet exhibited a reduced intake of calf starter, clover hay, and total DM compared with the control group. The digestibility coefficients of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were higher (P<0.05) in the supplemented groups compared to the control. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OBE could improve rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility, but no statistically significant reduction in CH4 emission was detected. Numerical trends indicate a possible mitigating effect at low solvent OBE extract doses.

Vehicle emissions are key precursors to near-ground ozone and secondary aerosol formation. While China’s clean air actions have significantly reduced particulate pollution, ozone levels continue to rise in some city clusters, calling for a deeper understanding of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from gasoline vehicles. This study systematically evaluated the impacts of fuel composition (China 6b vs. Methyl tert-butyl ether -free (MTBE-free) gasoline), engine type (Port fuel injection (PFI) vs. Gasoline direct injection (GDI)), and ambient temperature (25 °C vs. −7 °C) on VOC emissions and ozone formation potential (OFP) under the World Harmonized Light-Duty Test Cycle (WLTC). Results of dynamometer experiments showed that MTBE-free gasoline reduced total VOC emissions by 47% compared to China 6b fuel, with aromatics accounting for 69% of this reduction. PFI vehicles exhibited higher VOC emissions than GDI vehicles at 25 °C, though this difference diminished at −7 °C. Low temperatures significantly increased VOC emissions and OFP, increasing by a factor of 10–13 compared to 25 °C. Aromatics were the dominant OFP contributors under all conditions. Our findings highlight the importance of fuel reformulation and temperature-specific emission controls in mitigating ozone pollution, particularly under cold-start conditions.

Based on the greenhouse gas inventory guidelines proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change of the United Nations， the carbon emissions of Heilongjiang Province were calculated from aspects such as energy， industrial production processes， and land use. The correlation between different factors and carbon emissions was analyzed using grey relational theory and Tapio decoupling theory， and the STIRPAT model was used to explore the differences in the impact of various factors on carbon emissions. Future carbon emissions in Heilongjiang Province were predicted using scenario analysis. The results showed that： ① The total carbon emissions in Heilongjiang Province grew rapidly from 2005 to 2012， then showed a fluctuating downward trend from 2012 to 2020， with the decline gradually slowing. ② Energy carbon emissions dominated the carbon emissions in Heilongjiang Province， accounting for approximately 90%， far exceeding the other three categories of carbon emissions. ③ The order of influence of different factors on carbon emissions was as follows： land area > population > energy structure > wealth level > energy intensity. ④ During the study period， carbon emissions in Heilongjiang Province reached the peak in 2012 according to the STIRPAT model， effectively achieving the goal of "carbon peak." ⑤ In the scenario simulation， the optimal scenario was Scenario IV. In this scenario， the rate of change for each factor was based on the more optimal values between the recent actual data from Heilongjiang Province and the "14th Five-Year Plan."

Science and technology parks play a pivotal role in national technological innovation. In the context of China's goals for emission peaking and carbon neutrality， assessing their carbon footprints and pathways to emission peaking is essential for fostering economic development and facilitating the low-carbon transition. This study established a carbon footprint accounting framework for science and technology parks and applied it to a high-tech and advanced manufacturing park in Beijing as a case study. A refined modeling of key energy-related emission sources was conducted， followed by a dynamic carbon footprint analysis from 2011 to 2023 based on first-hand activity data. Future emission peaking pathways were projected using scenario analysis and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index decomposition， with corresponding low-carbon development strategies proposed. The results indicate that：① The carbon footprint （measured in CO2-eq） increased from 67 748.93 tons in 2011 to 174 615.45 tons in 2023， with Scope 1 emissions peaking at 16 422.44 tons in 2020， approximately 90% of which came from stationary combustion sources. Scope 2 emissions declined to 37.52% of total emissions by 2023 after peaking at 69 475.74 tons in 2018， and Scope 3 emissions， the largest and fastest-growing component， accounted for 55.27% in 2023， primarily driven by workforce expansion and related factors. ② Scenario analysis suggested that the green low-carbon scenario offered the highest emission reduction potential， enabling the park to peak at 175 200.20 tons by 2026， while the baseline scenario projected a peak of 188 413.33 tons in 2028， and the industrial expansion scenario failed to peak by 2030， reaching 216 410.39 tons. The increase in the carbon footprint of the park across all three scenarios was primarily driven by the amount of purchased electricity， the number of employees， and carbon emissions associated with employee travel； thus， to mitigate these impacts， future science and technology parks should focus on strengthening energy efficiency management while enhancing digitalization and intelligent park operations as well as promoting green transportation， whereas the decarbonization of electricity consumption and the reduction in fuel-powered vehicles have already curbed carbon emissions to some extent， which can be further reinforced by increasing the share of clean energy and optimizing low-carbon transportation systems.

Macro- and microplastic emissions and marine input flux in the Yangtze River Delta, China, from 1990 to 2020.

Sustainability in hand trauma surgery: An eco-audit of the flexor tendon laceration repair pathway.

Within the context of global carbon neutrality initiatives, prefabricated buildings are recognized for their pivotal role in decarbonizing the construction sector. However, the manufacturing of their components remains a carbon-intensive process. This study conducts a systematic assessment of carbon emissions from prefabricated component production for a semiconductor manufacturing facility, employing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and emission factor methods. The results identify concrete and steel production as the dominant sources, collectively contributing 82.7% of total emissions (10,794 tons and 2,285 tons CO₂e, respectively). An integrated "technology-economy-policy" pathway is proposed. Technical innovations, including low-carbon cement substitution and photovoltaic power integration, could abate electricity-related emissions by 35%. Complementary carbon offset strategies, such as CO₂ mineralization curing and forestry carbon sinks, could yield an additional annual reduction of 17%. The implementation of this framework is projected to cumulatively reduce 600–800 million tons of CO₂e by 2030, contributing 19% to the construction sector's carbon peak target. This research provides a quantitative framework and actionable insights for the low-carbon transition of prefabricated buildings, facilitating a sectoral shift from scale expansion toward quality and efficiency.

Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration has been steadily increasing since the 19th century, causing global warming. Despite efforts to reduce emissions, current projections anticipate a significant increase in global surface temperature by the end of the century, which may push us beyond a safe and just operating space. We must develop emissions pathways that consider renewable technology innovation, climate policy development and consumer behaviour change. In this manuscript we assess corporate emissions reduction ambition in the context of reduction pathways, and in doing so show that company reporting has reached a scale and quality that it can be used to supplement global emissions forecasting. We find emissions disclosures of target-setting companies to account for roughly 20% of global [Formula: see text] emissions and 60% of global market capitalisation. Of these, we find near-term targets to be consistent with the aggressive reduction requirements of the divergent net-zero scenario published by the Network for Greening the Financial System, but commitments to 2050 are lacking. There is a large disparity between the total market capitalisation of disclosing companies and the total emissions they cover, a disconnect which we emphasise must be addressed by future policy.

The livestock sector is a major source of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, while heat stress impairs ruminant health. This study evaluated the efficacy of Aspergillus niger (AN) and its compound preparation (CP) as feed additives to mitigate methane emissions and heat stress in Holstein bulls. Twenty-four bulls were assigned to a control group (CON), a group supplemented with 6 g/d of AN, and a group with 20 g/d of CP. Methane emissions were measured using the SF6 tracer technique. Blood and ruminal fermentation parameters were also analyzed. Results showed that both AN and CP significantly reduced total methane emissions, emissions per unit of body weight, and per unit of dry matter intake compared to CON. Supplemented groups had significantly lower rectal temperatures and higher superoxide dismutase activity, with AN also increasing total antioxidant capacity. AN groups showed increased total volatile fatty acids, acetate, and propionate. Microbiota analysis revealed significant beta-diversity shifts with differential taxon enrichment. In conclusion, Aspergillus niger and its compound preparation effectively reduce enteric methane and alleviate heat stress by boosting antioxidant defenses and modulating rumen function, offering a dual-benefit strategy for sustainable ruminant production.

Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) represents a major threat to water quality, yet its spatiotemporal dynamics in arid and semi-arid regions remain poorly quantified. This study establishes an integrated assessment framework to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns and driving mechanisms of ANPSP in Inner Mongolia, China, from 2002 to 2023. Using a combination of inventory analysis, pollution load equivalence assessment, and the Tapio decoupling model, we systematically examined the evolution of four pollution sources—chemical fertilizers, livestock breeding, agricultural solid waste, and rural domestic discharge—across 12 administrative regions. These methods were sequentially applied to quantify loads, standardize impacts, and evaluate the economy–environment relationship, forming a coherent analytical chain. Key results indicate the following: (1) Pollutant loads increased consistently over the study period, with chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) rising by 24.21%, 31.67%, and 31.14%, respectively, largely driven by livestock sector expansion. (2) Spatial distribution was highly heterogeneous, with Tongliao, Chifeng, and Hulunbuir contributing 50.58–58.31% of total emissions, in contrast to minimal impacts in western regions. (3) Decoupling analysis indicated variable environment–economy relations, where fertilizer use and grain output reached strong decoupling in 2010–2011 and 2018–2019, whereas livestock pollution exhibited more unstable decoupling trajectories. A cluster-derived risk zoning scheme identified Bayannur as the only high-risk area and highlighted the need for tailored management approaches in medium- and low-risk zones. This study offers a scientific foundation for targeted ANPSP mitigation and sustainable agricultural strategy formulation in ecologically vulnerable areas.

Abstract Emmision of Volatile chemical products (VCPs) China: An Updated High‐Resolution Mass Balance‐Based Invenotry have emerged as a significant source of organic compound emissions in China, contributing to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. Previous work established the VCP emission inventory by the mass balance (MB) method in China from 2000 to 2017, but localized component emissions and spatial variations have not been systematically investigated. This study presents a high‐resolution VCP‐gridded emission inventory in China, incorporating an updated method for emission estimation, localized source profiles, and spatial allocation. Results reveal that VCP emissions amounted to 13.88 Tg in 2022, dominated by coatings and adhesives. Industrial and domestic VCPs contribute two‐thirds and one‐third of total VCP emissions, respectively. Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) and aromatics constitute over 70% of total emissions and ozone formation potential (OFP), with aromatics (3.86 Tg, primarily from coatings) contributing 17.45 Tg to OFP. The component emissions of VCPs in China exhibit distinct characteristics compared to the United States, marked by higher contributions of aromatics and N/S‐containing compounds. Spatial analysis highlights industrial VCP emissions dispersed across suburban regions, whereas domestic VCP emissions are concentrated in urban cores. Key species like m/p‐xylene and methanol align with industrial emissions, whereas ethanol and D5‐siloxane match domestic emission patterns, indicative of promising application as industrial and domestic VCP tracers, respectively. The model‐ready gridded emission inventory for VCP developed in this study can be used by a chemical transport model to evaluate the impacts of VCP emissions on atmospheric chemistry and secondary pollution at different times and spatial scales in China.

When less travel means more carbon: How rainfall-induced shifts from public transit to cars increase urban transport emissions.

Global warming and climate change have significant impacts on various sectors, including the building sector, which contributes approximately 39% to total global carbon emissions. These emissions come from operational carbon and embedded carbon in building materials. To achieve the Net Zero Carbon target by 2030 for new buildings and 2050 for all buildings, a paradigm shift is needed in building planning, construction, and operation. This study aims to examine the Net Zero Carbon concept in the context of buildings and the built environment, as well as its reduction strategies to create a sustainable and livable environment. The method used is a literature review with a narrative approach, integrating various scientific sources on carbon emissions, the building life cycle, and emission reduction technologies. The results of the study indicate that the building sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions due to high energy consumption and the use of high-carbon materials. Emission reduction can be achieved through energy-efficient building design, the selection of low-carbon materials, optimization of renewable energy, and the application of carbon capture technologies. In addition, regular monitoring of operational emissions and government policies in the form of energy regulations, emission limits, and economic incentives are important factors in supporting the implementation of low-carbon buildings. In conclusion, achieving Net Zero Carbon requires collaboration between architects, developers, building managers, and governments throughout the building life cycle to create a healthy, safe, and sustainable environment.

Improving the environmental impact paradox of clinical medical laboratories.

Under the background of the new energy security strategy, promoting the transformation of micro-energy systems (MES) toward low-carbon (LC) economic operation has become a crucial development direction in the energy field. Existing research has achieved certain progress in the economic optimization and LC development of MES separately. However, methods for the co-optimization of economy and LC performance still exhibit deficiencies, struggling to meet the compound requirements for LC economic operation of the system. To address this, this paper proposes a multi-timescale rolling optimization strategy that integrates multi-type demand response (DR) and an incentive-penalty stepped carbon trading mechanism (IP-SCTM). First, a source-load bilateral coordination approach is adopted. On the source side, an IP-SCTM is introduced, which employs a bidirectional stepped pricing scheme to provide two-way incentives for reducing total carbon emission (CE). On the load side, accounting for the varying response characteristics of demand-side resources across different timescales, a comprehensive multi-type DR model encompassing price-based and incentive-based DR is constructed to reduce the system's comprehensive energy consumption cost, synergistically achieving dual optimization of total CE and operational costs. Second, at the system operation level, a multi-timescale rolling optimization model is established. During the intra-day scheduling phase, a rolling horizon strategy is utilized to optimize unit output variations, comprehensively enhancing the operational economy and LC performance of the MES. Finally, the case study analysis verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving LC economic operation for the MES.

Ammonia emission from real-world in-use vehicle fleets in a megacity in China - based on tunnel measurement.

Assessment of hydrogen sulfide emissions in combined sewer odor: A quantitative source contribution analysis.

Identification of extremely low-terpene-emitting variants from an urban greening tree species Quercus myrsinifolia.

Impact of GHG mitigation measures in sanitation service chains: A focus on septic tanks and sewers.