Total Amount Of Cholesterol Research Articles

EFFECT OF LIPOTROPIC AGENTS UPON THE NET SYNTHESIS OF CHOLESTEROL IN THE RAT

The content of cholesterol in the bodies of young male rats fed a basal hypolipotropic diet has been compared with that of other rats pair-fed on similar diets supplemented with choline chloride, methionine, or vitamin B12, respectively. Increased efficiency of utilization of the food and variable lipotropic effects were observed, but no significant difference was found in the total amounts of cholesterol at the end of the 3-week test periods. The lipotropic agents do not influence to any significant degree the net biosynthesis of cholesterol in rats fed this type of diet but they do affect the distribution, tending to keep the liver lipids, including cholesterol, in the normal range.

Serum, bile and liver total cholesterol of laboratory animals, toads and frogs.

Summary1. Serum, bile, and liver total cholesterol levels of 9 species of laboratory animals and 4 species of amphibians are reported. 2. Dogs, monkeys, hamsters, and mice have relatively higher serum total cholesterol concentration than cats, rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs. 3. Total cholesterol concentration in liver varies only slightly among these species. 4. Gall-bladder bile of monkeys contains large amounts of total cholesterol. Guinea pigs excrete very small amounts of total cholesterol in bile. 5. Serum and liver total cholesterol concentrations of the pigeon are very high. 6. Total cholesterol concentration in liver varies slightly among the 4 species of amphibians used. Frogs excrete significant amounts of cholesterol in bile. 7. Serum total cholesterol concentrations of both species of toads are higher than those of both species of frogs.

THE PATHOGENESIS OF HYPERLIPEMIA INDUCED BY MEANS OF SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS

Mice rendered hyperlipemic by means of intravenous or subcutaneous injections of triton WR 1339 were found to have an increase in the total amount of cholesterol in their bodies. This observation indicates that the injected surface-active agent affects the metabolism of cholesterol and brings about hyperlipemia by augmenting the synthesis of lipides, or by interfering with their degradation or excretion, or by some combination of these factors. The implications of the findings for the pathogenesis of the hyperlipemia induced by triton are discussed further in the accompanying paper (16).

Determination of Small Amounts of Total Cholesterol by the Tschugaeff Reaction with a Note on the Determination of Lathosterol.

Determination of Small Amounts of Total Cholesterol by the Tschugaeff Reaction with a Note on the Determination of Lathosterol.

The composition of the lipides of resting and pregnancy-stimulated mammary glands and mammary carcinomas

1. 1. The composition of the lipides of two growing tissues of the mouse, spontaneous mammary carcinomas and pregnancy-stimulated mammary glands, has been compared with that of resting mammary glands. About 1% of the lipide of both resting and stimulated mammary glands may be classified as “essential” (cholesterol plus phospholipide), and approximately 66% of the lipide of mammary carcinomas was found in this class. The total phospholipide contents of the three tissues were similar, but the amounts of the individual phospholipides differed. Pregnancy-stimulated glands contained more lecithin and less cephalin than resting glands. Of the three tissues, mammary carcinomas contained the least lecithin and the most cephalin. 2. 2. The ratio of free to esterified cholesterol was the same for the three tissues. The resting glands and carcinomas contained roughly similar amounts of total cholesterol and far more than that found in stimulated glands. 3. 3. It is concluded that one cannot describe altered tissue activity, defined broadly, in terms of changes in the total amount of the “constant factor” of lipides.

Sputum cholesterol in bronchial asthma

1. 1. Cholesterol values on the sputa of fifty-one patients suffering from bronchial asthma ranged from 7 to 55 mg. per cent. 2. 2. The amount of cholesterol varied with the severity of the clinical symptoms. 3. 3. High sputum cholesterols were noted in the infective or skin-negative type of bronchial asthma (25 to 55 mg. per cent). 4. 4. The total amount of cholesterol expectorated in twenty-four hours ranged from 1 to 10 milligrams.

CHOLESTEROL-THORAX IN TUBERCULOSIS (CHOLESTEROL PLEURISY)

The accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavities is a common condition, a number of interesting types having been encountered, and in all probability the rarest of these is that known as cholesterol pleurisy or sometimes spoken of as cholesterol-thorax. Cholesterol is constantly found in the tissues and is also rather uniformly found in all pleural effusions, but in the latter it is practically always present as an ethereal salt. The majority of writers on this subject agree that the condition should be defined as an effusion that is rich in cholesterol in crystalline form, and further, that the total amount of cholesterol in the effusion may be high or low, the amount not always determining the form in which it is found. In some cases reported the total amount of cholesterol has been high and in others there has been much less, but in all instances one should be

CHOLESTEROL AND CHOLESTEROL ESTER CONTENT OF BOVINE COLOSTRUM

The total amount of cholesterol found in colostrum and milk is comparatively low. The amount of cholesterol found in colostrum declines at an ever decreasing rate as milk secretion develops until at 48 hours the cholesterol is nearly the same as that found in milk 3 months or 7 months after parturition. The morning milk differs from the evening milk in that the cholesterol bound as ester is greater in amount.

CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS AND HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

InThe Journal, Oct. 3, 1925, page 1066, an editorial appears entitled Synthesis of Cholesterol in the Body. It is indicated therein that feeding experiments have shown that cholesterol need not have its source exclusively in the diet. We submit further evidence on this point in the form of Dezani's work ( Arch. di farmacol. sper. 12 :4, 1914). He fed measured quantities of cholesterol to white mice, and on analyzing their entire carcasses, found that the total amount of cholesterol therein was greater than what could be explained on the basis of that ingested. The subject of cholesterol synthesis comes to medical men by various avenues. Foremost among these are the various considerations associated with hypercholesterolemia, in connection with which certain tissue changes may come about or be experimentally induced. Some, notably the atheromatous aortas of rabbits, have been repeatedly and rather uniformly elicited, but others, such as xanthoma