Total Ammonia Research Articles

Dataset: Compositional analysis and hydrothermal liquefaction of a high-ash microalgae biofilm.

Dataset: Compositional analysis and hydrothermal liquefaction of a high-ash microalgae biofilm.

Exploration of ammonia stripping coupled adsorption-membrane filtration process for treating kitchen waste biogas slurry.

Exploration of ammonia stripping coupled adsorption-membrane filtration process for treating kitchen waste biogas slurry.

Towards sustainable maritime management: A re-visit of ammonia criterion values in Southeast Asian tropical seas.

Towards sustainable maritime management: A re-visit of ammonia criterion values in Southeast Asian tropical seas.

Fish Diversity with Seasonal Variation of Water Quality in Fisheries Reservoir, Chitwan

A study was conducted to compare the seasonal variation of fish diversity, water quality and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Fisheries Reservoir in four seasons viz., spring, summer, autumn and winter from October, 2016 to September, 2017. Water and fish sampling were done monthly from 3 different sites (water inlet, mid part and near water outlet) of reservoir and grouped into four seasons and compared. A total of 17 fish species representing 7 orders and 11 families with 15 genera were found in reservoir. Cypriniformes was the dominating fish order representing a total of 7 species. A total of 14 species were recorded in the autumn season, 13 species in both the spring and summer seasons, and 10 species in winter season. The abundance and CPUE of fishes were significantly higher in spring season (184±57.2 no. of fishes and 7360±2288.7 fishes/day, respectively) as compared to other seasons. The water quality parameters, depth, water temperature, total ammonium nitrogen, and soluble reactive phosphorus were higher in summer season (150.0±2.9 cm, 29.2±0.8°C, 0.78±0.17 mg/L and 0.035±0.004 mg/L, respectively) whereas dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity in winter season (4.4±0.2 mg/L, 135.7±0.3 mg/L and 272.6±0.5 μS/cm, respectively). The value of total nitrogen was higher in spring season (1.96±0.26 mg/L). The parameters Secchi disk visibility, pH, Total alkalinity, total phosphorus, nitrite nitrogen and chlorophyll-a were statistically similar in all four seasons. A high density of phytoplankton were observed in the summer season (373.3±17.6 no./L) while the density of zooplankton in the autumn season (160.0±19.3 no./L). Fish abundance declined with decreasing dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, chlorophyll-a and zooplankton density while it rises with decreasing water depth, secchi disk visibility, total ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. Most of the measured water quality parameters were in the desirable range for fish while the number of fish species decreased as compared to the previous studies. To restore fish diversity in the reservoir, habitat improvement through the management of water quality parameters, the stocking of native species, and the avoidance of fishing may be helpful.

Colorimetric Optode Sensor with Tripodal Ionophore for Rapid Urinary Ammonium Determination.

The amount of ammonium excreted in urine is a crucial indicator for assessing renal metabolic acidosis. Therefore, there is a significant demand for chemical sensors capable of accurately determining urinary ammonium concentrations with high throughput. In this study, we developed an ammonia chemical sensor based on the ion-selective optode principle. This sensor employs strategically designed ionophores and a PTFE gas-permeable film to enhance selectivity for free NH3. The low basicity of the chromoionophore indicator and the weak affinity of the tripodal ammonium receptor (L, log β = 4.62 ± 0.18) contributed to a markedly reduced response time, achieving detection within seconds, a significant improvement over previous sensors. A limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 15 nM was obtained in colorimetric mode. Total inorganic ammonia content in undiluted human urine was successfully determined using the sensor. Additionally, the optode was adapted into a multiwell format, offering potential for high-throughput point-of-care testing of urinary ammonium concentrations and other samples.

Integration of Biofloc and Ozone Nanobubbles for Enhanced Pathogen Control in Prenursery of Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

This study investigates the synergistic effects of integrating ozone nanobubbles (generated via a pure oxygen-fed reactor with nanobubble-diffusing air stones) and biofloc technology (BFT) on water quality optimization, pathogenic load reduction, and growth performance enhancement in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) prenursery aquaculture systems. Four treatments were tested: a clear water control (CW), ozonated clear water (CW + O), biofloc (FLOC), and biofloc with ozone (FLOC + O). The FLOC + O group significantly improved water quality, reducing total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) by 61%, nitrite nitrogen (NO2−-N) by 78% compared to CW, and total suspended solids (TSS) by 21% compared to FLOC (p = 0.0015). Ozone application (maintained above 0.3 mg/L, 15 min/day) demonstrated robust pathogen suppression, achieving a sharp reduction in Muscle Necrosis Virus (MNV), a 99.5% inhibition of Vibrio spp. (from 228,885 to 107 CFU/mL), and the clearance of Epistylis spp., as determined via optical microscope. These enhancements directly translated to superior biological outcomes, with the FLOC + O group exhibiting an 82% survival rate (vs. 40% in CW) and 13% higher final body weight (11.65 mg vs. 10.32 mg in CW). The integration of ozone and BFT also accelerated larval development and improved the Zoea II to Mysis I metamorphosis success rate. By maintaining stable microbial communities and reducing organic waste, the combined system lowered the water exchange frequency by 40% and eliminated the need for prophylactic antibiotics. These results demonstrate that ozone–BFT integration effectively addresses key challenges in shrimp prenursery—enhancing disease resistance, optimizing water conditions, and improving growth efficiency. The technology offers a sustainable strategy for the intensive prenursery of Pacific white shrimp, balancing ecological resilience with production scalability.

Distribution, removal and potential factors affecting antibiotics occurrence in leachate from municipal solid waste incineration plants in China.

Distribution, removal and potential factors affecting antibiotics occurrence in leachate from municipal solid waste incineration plants in China.

Effects of Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) Concentration on Growth and Chlorophyll-A Content of Seaweed Ulva sp. in a Controlled Culture System

Seaweed Ulva sp. has great potential in sustainable integrated cultivation systems to reduce the impact of exploitation in nature. This research aimed to analyze the effect of Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) concentration on the growth and chlorophyll-a content of seaweed Ulva sp. in a controlled culture system. The importance of this research is to develop sustainable cultivation systems without harming natural ecosystems by utilizing available nutrients in the form of TAN. The research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 TAN concentration treatments: (P0: 0 ppm, P1: 0,010 ppm, P2: 0,025 ppm, P3: 0,050 ppm, P4: 0,075 ppm) with 3 replications. The culture was conducted for 15 days at the Aquaculture Environment Laboratory, University of Mataram. Parameters observed included absolute weight growth, specific weight growth rate, thallus sheet width and length, and Chlorophyll-a content. Research results showed that the highest absolute weight growth was achieved in treatment P1 (17,67%), the highest specific growth rate in P3 (3,39%), the highest thallus sheet width growth in P4 (2,83 cm), and the highest thallus length growth in P4 (3,50 cm). The highest Chlorophyll-a content was found in the control treatment P0 (8,06 mg/l), but based on the one-way ANOVA test results, there was no significant (p>0,05) effect on the growth of Ulva sp. However, the 2nd order polynomial regression test revealed a strong relationship between TAN concentration and growth, with R² ranging from 88-94%. Water quality during culture remained within normal range. The conclusion of this research indicates that TAN concentrations in the range of 0-0.075 ppm (mg/L) were only able to support the survival of seaweed Ulva sp. without providing significant effects on its growth. Further research with higher TAN concentration ranges is recommended to determine the optimal growth point for Ulva sp.

Amino Acid Profile of Must and Aromatic Potential of 30 Minor Grape Varieties Grown in Alcalá de Henares (Spain)

Amino acid composition and nitrogen quantification in grape must are of great importance given their usefulness for varietal characterization, influence on fermentation processes and identification of the aromatic potential of musts. The objective of this work was to determinate the amino acid and nitrogen compound profiles of 30 minority varieties of potential use in winemaking, all grown in the same ampelographic collection in Alcalá de Henares. The concentrations of 31 amino acids in must were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) during four seasons (2020 to 2023), and the average values of total free amino acids (TAN), yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) and aromatic precursor nitrogen (APN) were calculated for each variety. ‘Tazazonal’, a minority red grape variety, was found to exhibit high concentrations of yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN), total amino nitrogen (TAN) and ammonia nitrogen (APN), comparable to those observed in ‘Tempranillo’ and ‘Garnacha Tinta’. These two cultivars are representative of traditional Spanish red grapevine varieties and are among the most widely cultivated in the country. In the case of white varieties, ‘Albillo del Pozo’, ‘Pintada’ and ‘Verdejo Serrano’ showed higher concentrations of these parameters than ‘Malvar’ and ‘Airén’, which are also widely grown in Spain. The results revealed distinct amino acid profiles for each variety, enabling their classification and supporting the identification of variants within the autochthonous germplasm. This approach aimed to highlight minority varieties of potential interest for future studies, given their relevance to both regional and national viticulture.

Assessment of Growth Performance of Carp Species and Cucumber Plant (Cucumis sativus) Cultured in a Recirculating Aquaponic System

A 140-day experiment was conducted to identify the most effective species combination of indigenous carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita) and exotic carps (Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella) integrated with cucumber plant (Cucumis sativus) cultivation in an aquaponic system. Experimental design included three treatments with respective control, each replicated three times. The fish species compositions for the treatments were: Labeo rohita + Catla catla (T1), Labeo rohita + Cyprinus carpio (T2), and Ctenopharyngodon idella + Cyprinus carpio (T3), maintained at a 70:30 ratio with a stocking density of 2000 g/m³, and cucumber plantlets integrated at a density of 12 plants/m². Controls for each treatment had the same fish composition but were not integrated with plants. During experimental period, fish were fed at 4% of their body weight. Water quality parameters, including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH, were monitored daily, while total hardness, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate were measured at 20-day intervals. Although the concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate were slightly higher in the control groups than in the treatments, and DO levels showed an opposite trend, the differences were not statistically significant, and all values remained within optimal ranges. Fish growth parameters, including weight gain, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), daily weight gain, feed efficiency ratio (FER), and protein efficiency ratio (PER), were evaluated. The results showed that the highest individual weight gain was observed in Catla catla in T1 (89.76±0.20 g), followed by Cyprinus carpio in T3 (85.43±0.06 g), and Ctenopharyngodon idella in T3 (81.76±0.41 g), with the lowest observed in Labeo rohita in T2 (66.03±0.29 g). Overall, the highest combined body weight gain was recorded in T3, followed by T1 and T2, respectively. Plant performance parameters, including height gain (cm), percentage height gain, growth rate (cm/day), and fruit yield (kg/m²), were also measured, with no significant differences observed between treatments and controls. Among the treatments, the highest cucumber fruit yield was obtained in T3 (2580±19.3 g), followed by T1 (1782.4±14.6 g) and T2 (1082.2±15.4 g). Further research is recommended to explore higher stocking densities for both fish and plants to enhance productivity and profitability in this intensive aquaponic system while ensuring sustainability.

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas in aquaculture-impacted waters of Lam Pao Dam, Kalasin, Thailand

ABSTRACT The rapid expansion of aquaculture has raised significant environmental and public health concerns, particularly regarding water quality and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study investigated the impact of intensive caged fish farming on water quality and antibiotic resistance (ABR) in the Lam Pao Dam, Kalasin, Thailand. Water quality parameters were assessed, revealing adherence to acceptable standards except for elevated biochemical oxygen demand in upstream canals. Antibiotic residue analysis yielded no detectable levels. 16s rDNA sequencing identified 19 bacterial isolates, predominantly Aeromonas species, exhibiting multidrug resistance profiles. These isolates demonstrated resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, vancomycin, colistin, streptomycin, and rifampicin, with notable variable resistance to carbapenems, particularly imipenem. Molecular analysis confirmed the presence of virulence genes (aer, act, ser, lip, aha, eux) and resistance genes (bla SHV, bla OXA, bla KPC-2) in Aeromonas isolates. Despite these findings, the relative abundance of Aeromonas remained low (<0.1%) across all sampling sites. This study underscores the need for ongoing monitoring and improved aquaculture management practices in inland waters to mitigate ABR, maintain water quality, and protect ecosystem health. The results enhance our understanding of ABR dynamics in freshwater aquaculture environments and may inform targeted interventions for sustainable inland aquaculture development.

Effect of Elaeagnus angustifolia Linn. on the Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Community Structure of Inter-Rhizosphere Soils.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of Elaeagnus angustifolia Linn. (E. angustifolia L.) on the structure and abundance of the soil microbial community. This paper provides a theoretical foundation for guiding the establishment of E. angustifolia L. forests to enhance the physicochemical properties of soil. This study employed high-throughput sequencing technology to analyse the composition, diversity, and structural changes of various soil fungal and bacterial communities and correlated the results with soil physicochemical properties. The results indicated a significant increase in the total nitrogen (0.66 g/kg-0.87 g/kg), ammonium nitrogen (3.60 mg/kg-6.56 mg/kg), and organic matter (1.06-1.38%) contents of the inter-rhizosphere soil of E. angustifolia L. after 3, 4, and 5 months of planting. Additionally, the total phosphorus, potassium, and nitrate nitrogen contents increased, whereas soil pH and salinity decreased. The abundance of soil microbial communities also increased. The fungal phyla with relative abundances greater than 1% were Ascomycota, Fungi_unclassified, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and Glomeromycota. Chytridiomycota, Rozellomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Olpidiomycota were not found in the bare soil control but were observed in the rhizosphere soil of the date palm. The relative abundance of bacteria from the phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Chloroflexi in the inter-root soil of jujube dates showed an increase in comparison with the control group. At the same time, correlation analysis found that soil total phosphorus, nitrogen content, and soil enzyme activity were positively correlated with the bacterial level, with TN (p < 0.01) and NO3--N (p < 0.05) showing significant positive correlations. Conversely, soil pH and salinity were mostly negatively correlated with the fungi, and soil enzyme activity was significantly correlated with the fungal and bacterial at different RAD levels. The introduction of E. angustifolia L. markedly affected the physicochemical properties and microbial community composition of the soil.

Nitrogen Budget and the Effects of Sea Grape (Caulerpa lentillifera) Density on the Water Quality and Growth Performance of Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) in a Polyculture System

The nitrogen budget and the effects of varying densities of sea grape (Caulerpa lentillifera) on water quality and the growth performance of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) in a polyculture system were evaluated. Four treatments were tested, each stocked with 20 fish (average weight: ~20 g; density: 2.66 kg/m3). Treatment 1 (control) contained no sea grapes, while treatments 2, 3, and 4 included 100, 200, and 400 g of sea grapes, corresponding to 0, 667 g/m3, 1333 g/m3, and 2666 g/m3, respectively. Significant (p &lt; 0.05) reductions in total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity were observed with increasing sea grape density; however, no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) were found among the three sea grape treatments. Higher sea grape densities increased nitrite (NO2–N) and nitrate (NO3–N) concentrations due to enhanced nitrification. Approximately 65% of the nitrogen input originated from feed, but only 47.78–48.96% was assimilated into fish biomass. Nitrogen losses included 1.17–1.46% via water exchange and final drainage, while 45.27–50.76% was likely retained in sediments, volatilized, or lost through denitrification. Sea grapes effectively absorbed total nitrogen (TN), demonstrating their potential as biofilters for improving water quality without compromising fish growth performance. The optimal density was 100 g of sea grapes per 2.66 kg/m3 of seabass biomass, offering a sustainable strategy to enhance productivity while mitigating environmental impacts.

Unveiling the Carbon Secrets: How Forestry Projects Transform Biomass and Soil Carbon on the Tibet Plateau

Afforestation is regarded as a crucial approach to enhancing terrestrial carbon sinks. Nevertheless, in ecologically fragile regions, the impacts of afforestation on carbon in biomass and soil remain highly uncertain. This study employed field investigations to explore the effects of forestry ecological projects on carbon stocks in biomass and soil within the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and to deeply analyze its key influencing factors. The key findings are summarized as follows: (1) The total vegetation carbon stocks of arbor forests and shrub forests (ranging from 7.7 to 24.0 Mg/ha) are 1.3–6.8 times that of grasslands (ranging from 3.5 to 6.1 Mg/ha). Afforestation-induced changes in biomass carbon are primarily attributed to the increase in carbon storage within the arbor-shrub layer, while exhibiting negligible effects on herbaceous layer carbon. (2) The soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks (0–100 cm depth) of forestland, shrubland, and grassland are 39.6–64.5 Mg/ha, 40.7–100.2 Mg/ha, and 43.1–121.9 Mg/ha, respectively. There are no significant differences in SOC stocks among shrubland, forestland, and grassland at either the 10- or 25-year development stage. The SOC stocks of 40-year-old shrubland and forestland are 1.5 and 2.3 times that of grassland, respectively. (3) For 10-year-old and 25-year-old arbor and shrub afforestation, biomass carbon increased while SOC decreased, showing a trade-off. In the case of 40- year-old afforestation, both biomass carbon and SOC increased synergistically. (4) Results from the random forest analysis indicate that the understory herbaceous diversity in this region has a significant impact on biomass carbon sequestration, and that soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen determine SOC sequestration. (5) Partial least squares analysis further demonstrates that afforestation promotes the retention of SOC stocks by increasing soil nutrients (especially nitrogen and nitrogen availability). Afforestation in alpine and arid regions, especially 40-year shrub afforestation, holds great carbon sequestration potential. The supplementation of soil nitrogen and phosphorus can enhance the carbon sequestration of this system.

Intensifying Nutrient Removal in Hybrid-Constructed Wetlands Treating Urban Streamwater.

This study investigated the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) variation and the presence of macrophytes on the efficiency of two pilot-scale hybrid-constructed wetlands (HCWs) treating urban streamwater contaminated with nontreated sanitary sewage contributions from the surrounding communities. Each HCW comprises a vertical unit (VF) and a horizontal unit (HF) filled with sand and gravel. HCW-P was planted withEichornia crassipes onto the filtering media, and HCW-C was set up as a control unit with no macrophytes. The novelty of this study consists of evaluating the combination of these factors (HRT and macrophytes) in the operation of HCWs for removing organic matter and nutrients. The operation of the HCWs was divided into step I, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 9 days for 133 days, and step II, with an HRT of 5 days for 131 days. Neither HRT variation (p-value = 0.7691) nor the presence of macrophytes (p-value = 0.0941) influenced the COD removal, as the HCWs achieved high removal efficiencies (>87%) during the operation. HCW-P achieved higher total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies in steps I and II (56% and 78%) compared to HCW-C (31% and 48%) during the operation, demonstrating the improvement in removing TN due to the presence of macrophytes (p-value ≤ 0.05). In addition, the shorter HRT promoted an increase of 22% in TN removal for HCW-P (p-value ≤ 0.05). The macrophytes and longer HRT enhanced total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal, as HCW-P (46% and 88%) achieved higher removal efficiencies than HCW-C (29% and 72%) in steps I and II, respectively (p-value ≤ 0.05). Regarding total phosphorus (TP), HCW-C and HCW-P achieved removal efficiencies of 63% and 89% in step I and 69% and 96% in step II, confirming the influence of HRT and macrophytes on TP removal. Finally, macrophytes demonstrated adaptability and resilience to the operational conditions, even when fixed in HCWs, which presented robustness in removing organic matter and nutrients from the urban streamwater via biofilm assimilation and adsorption under HRT variations.

Rumen Fermentability Profiles and Digestibility of Combination of Camellia sinensis, Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Syzygium aromaticum as Feed Additive : In vitro Assay

Abstract A prior study shown that the best combination of hibiscus leaf 0.3 mg/ml (Supplement 1) and tea by-product 2 mg/ml might enhance VFA synthesis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a mixture of Syzygium aromaticum oil, Camellia sinensis leaf meal, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis on the in vitro fermentability and digestibility of rumen. There were five replications and four treatments in the fully randomized block design experiment. Among the therapies were the following: As a control, A1 uses forage:concentrate (60:40% DM); A2 uses control plus Supplement 1; A3 uses control plus Supplement 1 plus 0.02 mg/ml S. aromaticum oil; and A4 uses control plus Supplement 1 plus 0.04 mg/ml S. aromaticum oil. The following variables were noted: pH value, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) generation, ammonia (NH3) concentration, dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), pH, total gas output, ammonia (NH3) concentration, and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) generation. The results indicated that adding 0.04 mg/ml of S. aromaticum oil enhanced total VFA (p&lt;0.01), decreased DMD (P&lt;0.01), lowered OMD, and decreased total gas production (P&lt;0.1). There was no discernible difference between pH levels and NH3 concentrations (P&gt;0.05). In summary, rumen fermentation characteristics may be stimulated by adding up to 0.04 mg/ml of S. aromaticum oil.

Comparative analysis of niche adaptation strategies of AOA, AOB, and comammox along a gate-controlled river-estuary continuum.

Comparative analysis of niche adaptation strategies of AOA, AOB, and comammox along a gate-controlled river-estuary continuum.

Enhancement of total ammonia and nitrite removal, growth, and vibrio tolerance in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) by Paracoccus marcusii ND07 administration in rearing water

Enhancement of total ammonia and nitrite removal, growth, and vibrio tolerance in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) by Paracoccus marcusii ND07 administration in rearing water

Energetics of Osmoregulation: Organism-Level Comparison of the Osmotic Stress Response in Euryhaline Estuarine and Freshwater Palaemonids.

The ecophysiological profiles of decapods adapted to estuarine and freshwater environments are remarkably diverse, likely reflecting independent colonization processes. There are no clear patterns in the energy expenditure associated with inhabiting these environments or general physiological processes, such as nitrogenous waste production, water regulation, or responses to salinity changes. We compared energy expenditure, measured as oxygen consumption, total ammonia production, and muscle water content in two euryhaline shrimp species of the genus Palaemon: the estuarine P. macrodactylus and the freshwater P. argentinus, under normal conditions and after exposure to salinity changes over periods ranging from 6 hours to 3 weeks. We also assessed the behavior of both species along a salinity gradient to understand if behaviorally mediated salinity selection may play a role in tuning the energy balance. The oxygen consumption profiles differed between species, both under normal conditions and in response to salinity changes. The freshwater species exhibited lower and stable oxygen consumption. Both species tended to eliminate more ammonia immediately after being transferred from a concentrated to a more diluted condition. While the estuarine species maintained effective water content regulation, the freshwater species experienced immediate dehydration at high salinity and failed to recover over the long term. Freshwater species actively selected low salinity water, whereas the other showed no clear salinity preference. The results suggest that the observed differences in energy expenditure and volume regulation between species are related to full adaptation to freshwater. Behavior may act reinforcing the divergence.

Effects of Selected Probiotics on Water Quality and Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia Cultured in a Recirculating Water System.

This study used selected probiotics (Bacillus subtilis HW3B and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DW5L) in combination with a recirculating water system to evaluate the effects of the selected probiotics on Nile tilapia growth and water quality in the culture system. The experiment was conducted in aquaria (45 x 60 x 45 cm for each aquarium with 150 liters of water and a 40-liter internal filtration system). Both selected probiotic bacteria were tested in raising 15 fish, 2-3-inch in each Nile tilapia in aquaria with a recirculating water system for 10 weeks by consisting of 4 experimental sets with 5 replications each, consisting of T1 (control set – no microbial products added), T2 (microbial inoculum PM.1, a product of Department of Fisheries as positive control), T3 (mixed selected probiotic strains HW3B and DW5L at 1:1 by volume), and T4 (only B. subtilis HW3B). It was found that T3 significantly controlled BOD and TSS (P &lt; 0.05) better than the control set. T2 was the most effective to control total ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and total phosphorus, followed by T3, with significant differences. The number of detected bacteria fluctuated with the level of BOD in the water. A significant increase of total bacteria found in T 1 and T4 sets (P &lt; 0.05), while Bacillus spp. found in all inoculated sets (P &lt; 0.05). A remarkable increase of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was observed only in T3 set (P &lt; 0.05). It can be concluded that the use of T3 (the mixed probiotics HW3B and DW5L set) in combination with the recirculating water system can reduce the amount of waste in the water almost as effectively as the positive control (T2) and significantly better than the control set (T1). Moreover, T3 showed a better tilapia growth performance on final fish body weight and average daily length values compared with the T1 set (P &lt; 0.05).