Introduction: Plaque is the chief precursor of many periodontal diseases, and its effective control is crucial for maintaining oral health. While mechanical plaque removal remains the cornerstone of oral hygiene, chemical adjuncts can enhance biofilm disruption and prevent microbial accumulation. Natural agents such as green tea, with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticariogenic, and anti-plaque properties, and propolis, a resinous substance with broad antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, have shown promise as supportive measures in periodontal care. In contrast, zinc ions, known for their antimicrobial effects, and arginine, which potentiates zinc?s antibacterial action, are widely incorporated into conventional oral hygiene products. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of toothpaste containing green tea and propolis with that of toothpaste formulated with dual zinc and arginine. Aims and objectives: To compare the antiplaque efficiency of toothpaste containing a combination of green tea and propolis (ATOMY ®) with that of dual zinc arginine containing tooth paste (COLGATE TOTAL ADVANCED ®) Materials and methodology: Single Blinded, Randomized controlled clinical trial, of 100 Patients, divided into 2 groups, patients within age group of 18 to 25, patients are randomly allotted into 2 groups Group A-50 (ATOMY ®) and GROUP B-50 (COLGATE TOTAL ADVANCED ® )Patients were allotted based random sequence generator ( random.org.) followed by chit method and adverse reactions if any were also noted, using adverse reaction reports. Results: A total of 100 patients were assessed at baseline and after 2 weeks using the plaque index and OHI-S index. In Group A, the average reduction from the baseline score is 0.51 (0.5), while in Group B, it is 0.74 (0.67). The decrease in OHI-S scores in Group A is 0.97 (0.88), compared to 1.55 (1.26) in Group B. Conclusion: In conclusion, both toothpaste formulations were effective in reducing plaque and improving oral hygiene within two weeks; however, the dual zinc-arginine toothpaste demonstrated greater reductions in Plaque index and OHI-S scores compared to the green tea-propolis toothpaste, indicating superior efficacy in biofilm control and oral hygiene improvement.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of three remineralizing tooth pastes. Materials and Methods: Three remineralizing agents were selected for assessment of their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Group I: Novomin (SHY-NM), Group II: Calcium Sucrose Phosphate (ENAFIX), and Group III: Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (TOOTH MOUSSE). The selected agent solutions were made by mixing equal amount of agent and sterile distilled water to give 1:1 dilution. Wild culture of Streptococcus mutans were obtained and cultured in Mutans Sanguis Agar (Hi media) at 37°c for 24 h. The antimicrobial assay was performed by well diffusion method in blood Mueller–Hinton agar plates. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the diameter of zones of inhibition. Results: Agent formulation Group B (Calcium sucrose phosphate) has maximum zones of inhibition against S. mutans , compared to all other agents. Conclusion: The remineralizing agents apart from its remineralizing effect also have adjuvant antimicrobial effect against S. mutans which helps to reduce dental caries.

<p> </p><p> </p><p><bold>Background:</bold> The purpose of this study was to evaluate parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding infant oral health (IOH) in Tumakuru district, India. </p><p> </p><p><bold>Materials and Methods:</bold> A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 177 parents visiting the Outpatient Department of Paediatrics in Sri Siddhartha Medical College and the Outpatient Department of Pedodontics in Sri Siddhartha Dental College, Tumakuru district, Karnataka. A 24-item questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics and questions pertaining to knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding infant oral health care was used to collect the data.</p><p> </p><p><bold>Results:</bold> Majority of the parents had good knowledge regarding decay caused by sweet food (66%), but had poor knowledge of fluoridated toothpaste (19.7%) and first dental visit (25.8%). There was no significant results on knowledge scores (<italic>p</italic>=0.587), attitude scores (<italic>p</italic>=607), and practice scores (<italic>p=</italic>0.251) between parents in our study .There was a statistically significant difference seen between the practice scores and educational level of the parent (<italic>p </italic>= 0.047) and the number of children a parent has (<italic>p</italic> = 0.050) when Kruskal-Wallis test was used. </p><p> </p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> The pedodontic triangle plays an important role in the planning of oral health awareness programmes for parents, and this study reveals a new facet of that role. Information about infant oral health care, such as the use of nursing bottles at night, the significance of brushing teeth, and regular dental visits, should be given by health professionals in an appropriate and accurate manner.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><bold>Background:</bold> The purpose of this study was to evaluate parents knowledge, attitudes, and practises regarding infant oral health (IOH) in Tumakuru district, India. </p><p> </p><p><bold>Materials and Methods:</bold> A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 177 parents visiting the Outpatient Department of Paediatrics in Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Outpatient Department of Pedodontics in Sri Siddhartha Dental College, Tumakuru district, Karnataka. A 24-item questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics and questions pertaining to knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding infant oral health care was used to collect the data.</p><p> </p><p><bold>Results:</bold> Majority of the parents had good knowledge regarding decay caused by sweet food (66%), but had poor knowledge of fluoridated tooth paste (19.7%) and first dental visit (25.8%). There was no significant results on knowledge scores (<italic>p</italic>=0.587),attitude scores (<italic>p</italic>=607) and practice scores (<italic>p=</italic>0.251) between parents in our study .There was a statistically significant difference seen between the practice scores and educational level of the parent (<italic>p </italic>= 0.047) and the number of children a parent has (<italic>p</italic> = 0.050) when Kruskal-Wallis test was used. </p><p> </p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> The pedodontic triangle plays an important role in the planning of oral health awareness programmes for parents, and this study reveals a new facet of that role. Information about infant oral health care, such as the use of nursing bottles at night, the significance of brushing teeth, and regular dental visits, should be given by health professionals in an appropriate and accurate manner.</p><p> </p>

Background. The problem of dental hypersensitivity is relevant due to its high prevalence among the population. A large number of products with various active ingredients are available on the dental market, each with significantly different mechanisms of action and the time it takes to achieve a positive effect. Therefore, studying the effectiveness of modern desensitizing products is important for practical dentistry. The aim of the study. Тo evaluate the desensitizing ef fi cacy of a paste containing calcium glycerophosphate and hydroxyapatite used for polishing tooth surfaces at the final stage of professional oral hygiene in patients with dental hyperesthesia. Materials and methods. Seventy-three patients with dental hyperesthesia were examined. The study utilized tooth polishing pastes for the final stage of professional oral hygiene (FPOH). The study group used R.O.C.S. PROPOLISHING, which contains a 50% hydroxyapatite suspension (7.5% dry weight) and calcium glycerophosphate. The paste’s PCR (stained pellicle removal) index was 93. The comparison group used a paste containing sodium fluoride. The intensity of hyperesthesia was determined using the Schiff test and the YeapleProbe electromagnetic device for determining dental hyperesthesia, before the PGPR, immediately after the procedure, and after using the test toothpastes. The desensitizing effect was calculated based on the Schiff test value and estimated using the classical formula by S.B. Ulitovsky (2018): E(%) = [In(1) – In(n)] × 100 / In(1), where In(1) is the Schiff test value during the initial examination, In (n) is the Schiff test value at the end of the study. When using YeapleProbe, the percentage of sensitivity regression was calculated. In this case, the digital norm (70 units) of the YeapleProbe value was taken as 100%, and the percentage of sensitivity during the initial and subsequent studies was calculated proportionally. The difference between these values demonstrates the percentage of sensitivity regression according to the YeapleProbe value. Results. The dynamics of the Schiff and YeapleProbe test values demonstrate a characteristic increase in hyperesthesia in both groups immediately after the PGPR. After polishing the teeth of patients in Group 1 with a paste containing hydroxyapatite and calcium glycerophosphate, a significant improvement in the values was noted, almost approaching normal values. In the comparison group (Group 2), where a sodium fluoride paste was used for polishing, the values returned to the initial values characteristic of hyperesthesia. Conclusions. Immediately after polishing the teeth, R.O.C.S. paste was used. PROPOLISHING, containing a 50% hydroxyapatite suspension (7.5% dry weight) and calcium glycerophosphate, demonstrated high desensitization efficacy (58.6%) in the Schiff test and a high sensitivity regression (59.7%) in the YeapleProbe test. However, immediately after polishing, a paste containing sodium fluoride showed no desensitization activity: 0% in the Schiff test and -0.9% sensitivity regression in the YeapleProbe test.

Background: With rising demand for esthetic restorations, shade matching in dentistry blends art and scienceaffected by several external factors. While visual shade selection with a guide remains common for its simplicity, newer technologies like spectrophotometers and digital photography offer more objective, detailed color measurement and improved communication. Aim: The Aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the remineralizing ability of five different remineralizing agents on artificially created white spot lesions. Materials and Methods: Fifty maxillary premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were taken for the study. Teeth are cleaned using ultrasonics and stored in 0.1 % thymol solution. 4 × 4 mm label placed on buccal surface of the crown. Remaining portion of tooth was painted with nail varnish. The samples were subjected to a demineralizing solution (0.264 gm of monosodium phosphate,0.244 gm of calcium chloride, 2.86 ml of acetic acid in 1l of deionised water) for 4 days to create an artificial white spot lesion. The samples are divided into 5 groups based on the remineralizing agent used. Group I : CPP-ACP; group 2: egg shell solution; group 3: red marine algae; group 4: bioactive glass nanoparticle solution; group 5: acclaim toothpaste. All the samples are sectioned to obtain the buccal cusp containing the experiment window and the EDAX analysis performed to obtain the ca, p and F values. The samples will be immersed in respective remineralising agents for 5 minutes, twice daily for a period of 6days and subjected to EDAX to obtain the ca p and f values after remineralization. The Ca, P and F values obtained after demineralization and remineralization will be compared. Results: Bioactive glass nanoparticle solution showed higher amount of remineralization compared to all the other study groups. The Ca, P and F values indicates the remineralization potential of all the study groups. Conclusion: Within the limits; the present study concluded that the Ca, P and F values of Bioactive glass nanoparticle solution have been increased significantly followed by Acclaim tooth paste, CPP ACP, Red marine algae and Egg shell solution

Comparative Evaluation of Enamel Superficial Microstructure and Microhardness following Application of Coral Calcium Nano Silver MI Paste Plus Tooth Paste on Management of White Spot Lesion (An In Vitro Study)

This study evaluated the chemical profile of toothpastes (TPs) and mouthrinses (MRs) and their effects on tooth enamel ultrastructure, and the viability of human dental pulp fibroblasts (hDPF). Four TPs and MRs containing different remineralizing agents (arginine, potassium nitrate, pro arginine, and stannous chloride) were analyzed for pH, titratable acidity (TA), and ion concentrations (Ca+2, K+, Na+2). Enamel ultrastructure was evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell viability was assessed after treatments exposure. TPs and MRs had pH values ranging from 4.43 to 8.87, with SnCl2-MR showing the highest TA. Alterations in enamel surface were observed with decrease of Amide I, carbonate and potassium peaks. Combinations of TP+MR reduced calcium concentration. Cell viability was reduced as response to all TP+MR combinations, except to ProArg-MR. These findings suggest that combining TPs and MRs may not enhance their effectiveness and could harm enamel and dental pulp cells.

Background: Areca nut extract is an active compound that can be used as an alternative toothpaste ingredient because it has antibacterial properties that can prevent cavities, but the tannin and flavonoid content in areca nut extract has the potential to cause discoloration of tooth. Objective: To determine the effect of areca nut extract (Areca catechu L.) toothpaste on tooth enamel color. Materials and Methods: This study was a true experimental laboratory type using pre test - post test with control group design. The study sample was 28 post-extraction human premolars who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The samples were divided into 4 treatment groups, 7 samples each in the group brushed using areca nut extract toothpaste concentrations of 1,5%, 3%, 4,5% and toothpaste without areca nut extract. Samples were brushed 2 times a day for 14 days. Measurement of color change using ColorFlex EZ spectrophotometer. Results: The results of data analysis obtained the average value of color change for toothpaste concentration of 1,5% of 4,38, 3% concentration of 5,40, 4,5% concentration of 7,37 and without areca nut extract of 0,98. The results of the One Way ANOVA test obtained a p value <0,05, meaning that there were a significant effect in each treatment group. The results of Post Hoc LSD analysis showed significant differences between all treatment groups, except between the treatment groups using 1,5% concentration of areca nut extract toothpaste and 3% concentration of areca nut extract toothpaste. Conclusion: areca nut extract toothpaste has an effect on the color of tooth enamel. The 4,5% concentration of Areca nut extract toothpaste has a significant effect on tooth discoloration.

Introduction: Dental plaque and gingivitis are prevalent concerns in pediatric populations. This multicentric randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy of two fluoridated toothpastes, one experimental (Dentoshine) and one commercially available tooth paste among children aged 6–12 years. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the experimental or control group. Clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI), were recorded at baseline, first follow-up, second follow-up, and third follow-up. Data were analyzed using independent t -tests, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Results: Participant distribution was comparable across genders and age groups. Both toothpaste formulations showed significant reductions in plaque and gingival scores over time. In the experimental group, repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant decrease in PI scores ( F = 53.695, P = 0.001), with the most substantial reduction between baseline and the third follow-up (mean difference = 0.874, P < 0.001). Similarly, the control group showed significant plaque reduction ( F = 55.82, P = 0.000). GI scores also improved significantly in both groups, with the Dentoshine toothpaste showing a greater decline ( F = 81.431, P < 0.001). Post hoc analysis confirmed that improvements were statistically significant from the second follow-up onward. Conclusion: Both fluoridated toothpaste formulations were effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis with regular use. However, the Dentoshine toothpaste demonstrated slightly superior performance in long-term plaque and gingival health outcomes among children.

Which cleaning protocols best preserve the surface roughness and hardness of occlusal devices produced by additive, subtractive, and conventional manufacturing?

Background: Skin lightening practice which involves use of various cosmetic products to lighten the skin raises significant health concerns, as some products may contain harmful chemicals. Objective: To describe the pattern of skin lightening practices among urban residents in Makurdi, Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 399 participants selected by random sampling. A self-administered pretested questionnaire was used. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 and presented as frequencies and proportions. Results: The participants mean age was 31.76 ± 11.77 years and females were 235(58.9%). About half, 200(50.1%) had secondary education and 202(50.6%) were married. Self-reported practice of use of SLA was 49.9%. Cream was commonest and home-made mixtures of edible and non-edible substances such as honey, lime, tooth paste, hydraulic car fluid were also used. Of the 329 creams used, 197(59.9%) contained one or more SLA, while 121(32.1%) of 377 soaps contained SLA. The top five SLA in creams were vitamin C (25.3%), hydroquinone (21.3%), Kojic acid (15.9%) and corticosteroids (7.3%). The five commonest skin lightening ingredients identified in the soaps were titanium oxide (56.6%), salicylic acid (9.2%), vitamin C (9.2%), mercury (7.5%), lactic acid (2.0%) and licorice extract (1.3%). Eighty-five (42.7%) had used SLA for 13 - 36 months, applying twice a day 172(86.4%) and all over the body 175(87.9%). Majority used different types of SLA serially 80(40.2%). Conclusion: Policymakers should regulate skin products and healthcare providers should make sustained effort at educating the public against this harmful practice.

This study is an analysis of components of herbal tooth pastes to highlight important dental herbs for the development of an ideal formulation with evidence-based approach. In this study ten herbal toothpaste formulations were purchased from the market, codified and the herbs present in all were tabulated. A comparison of their established pharmacological actions has been made. As per analysis the requirement of analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents is not a daily requirement and adds to a question mark for their inclusion in the daily use toothpaste. Some of the toothpastes have not included any herb but the product is being sold under the cover of herbal toothpaste demonstrating that OTC companies are just trying to en-cash the positive wave towards herbal formulations. Only 20% formulations are using astringent, 10% are using antiviral and only 30% are using anti-carcinogenic which is indeed needed for daily use in toothpaste. More than 30% toothpastes are using anti- allergic components and not justified as it may suppress the immune system. There is a need of revision of criteria for using selected herbs for better therapeutic activity.

In this study, a toothpaste formulation that is entirely herbal is made. There is a high demand for herbal products these days for the treatment and curing of oral hygiene. Many people have a variety of oral and dental health issues. There are many diseases and disorders related to teeth, and in order to treat them, dentists prescribe a variety of medications and treatments, some of which are painful and uncomfortable. In fact, for oral and dental hygiene, we use a variety of synthetic toothpastes made with chemical combinations, which can have severe side effects and toxicity. As a result, consumers believe that polyherbal toothpastes are safer, more effective, and less toxic because they contain only natural ingredients that are purely herbal, in addition to synthetic chemicals. This formulation includes herbal products that are some medicinal plants. Guava leaves are the antibacterial, anti- inflammatory and antioxidant that help in toothpaste and other like active ingredient Neem, Tulsi, Clove and some of safe chemical components or excipients like Calcium carbonate, mannitol, sodium lauryl sulphate, Peppermint oil etc. This research the formulation and evaluation parameters like physical characteristics, Foamability, pH, Spreadability, etc. Dentifrice, sometimes known as toothpastes, are items used to prevent tooth decay and to clean or freshen the mouth. A variety of herbal ingredients were used to make the numerous additional dentifrices made with both synthetic and natural tooth paste. This has cooling, antimicrobial, and antiseptic properties. Keywords- Anti-cavity, Anti- plaque, Anti-sensitivity, Anti-bacterial, Oral hygiene

PurposeThe condemnation of coca chewing in the 1950 UN-ECOSOC report, as well as the subsequent deliberations at the World Health Organisation, which led to the inclusion of coca leaf in List 1 of the 1961 Single Convention, studiously avoided – in their treatment of coca chewing – any discussion of the marked differences in the route and rate of absorption of coca alkaloids by this method, as opposed to the much more rapid methods of assimilation of cocaine in hydrochloride or free-base form. The purpose of this paper is to address the significance of the route and rate of absorption of coca alkaloids and other derivatives through the gut, bucal membranes, lungs, and nostrils – which together determine the amount of cocaine ingested. Despite the fact that these different forms offer a wide range of potential cocaine intakes, prohibition laws ignore the specific features of coca chewing, and are based on the concentrated product, cocaine hydrochloride.Design/methodology/approachA viewpoint paper, supported with literature and by the author’s ethnographic accounts as an anthropologist.FindingsThere are many different forms of administering coca leaves, and even products containing cocaine hydrochloride, that demonstrate safe and healthy forms for the consumer. Traditional forms like coca chewing and mambe powder contain approximately 0.7% alkaloid, so even if extraction were very efficient, an average 3 g would only yield 21 mg of cocaine. As cocaine is very poorly absorbed through the gut, innovative forms like coca tea, tooth pastes, shampoos, wine and toffees, have negligible effects on the user. Henman thus objects to the prohibition of the coca leaf and its equation with cocaine, which is rooted in racial prejudices and false science. This paper reflects on the wide ranges of safe and healthy uses of coca leaf, and proposes regulatory forms of coca products to serve the reasonable demands of contemporary coca chewers and coca product users in- and outside of Latin America.Originality/valueAn ethnographic account on “soft and slow” forms of administering coca leaves and cocaine hydrochloride, which envisages a regulatory market that serves the reasonable demand for coca leaves and products.

Does the activated charcoal tooth paste utilization yield effects in dental whitening in adult population: A systematic review - JDS- Print ISSN No: - 2320-7302 Online ISSN No:- 2393-9834 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.jds.2025.003, Journal of Dental Specialities-J Dent Spec

Growing demand for natural and holistic personal care products results from consumers of today being more knowledgeable and proactive about their health. In the sphere of oral care, this change has resulted in a new classification— Ayurvedic toothpaste. Ayurvedic toothpaste is made using Ayurvedic principles, an ancient Indian school of medicine stressing natural components to promote whole well-being. Ayurvedic toothpaste is made of plant extracts, essential oils, and naturally occurring minerals recognized for their healing qualities unlike regular toothpaste, which often includes synthetic chemicals and artificial additives. Many customers of contemporary oral care choose Ayurvedic toothpaste as they believe chemical-based toothpaste to be possibly dangerous. While providing good defense against typical dental problems like cavities, plaque buildup, bad breath, and gum disorders, herbal formulations are said to be milder on the teeth and gums. Ayurvedic toothpaste is also popular for those looking for a natural and sustainable method of oral care as it combines elements with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and strengthening qualities. Ayurvedic toothpaste is becoming more and more popular as knowledge of the advantages of herbal substitutes keeps growing and as a safer and better way to preserve oral health. The increasing inclination for such goods reflects a larger trend toward natural and organic personal care solutions, therefore supporting the relevance of old knowledge in contemporary medicine. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the core advantage of herbal tooth paste comparing with conventional toothpaste. This paper examine various factors which affect customer buying decision in the category of toothpaste category. Keywords: Herbal, Ayurvedic, Dental care, Customer preferences.

Impact of Hydroxyapatite Tooth Paste on Enamel Surface Roughness of Artificially Demineralized Permanent Teeth (An in vitro study).

Toothpaste is commonly used product by all individuals. Toothpaste is generally used forcleaning of teeth and mouth. It is also used to treat many disorders of teeth. Many dentistsrecommend to use toothpaste to treat disorder like sensitivity, Chronic gingivitis. Herbal toothpastes can be prepared using different herbal extract of many crude drugs havingantibacterial, antimicrobial activity. Herbal formulation of toothpastes are prepared using herbs like ginger, Cassia, simmia, Celastrus, paniculata, Vateria, indica extracts, Babul leaves extract, Ginger extract, Lemon oilextract, Neem stem & bark, Babul leaves, Gauva leaves, Kalmi bark etc. These herbal toothpastes can be evaluated by different tests like Physical Examination, Relative density, Abrasiveness, Determination of spreadability, pH determination, Homogenicity, Foaming Stability, Determination of moisture and volatile matter, Moisture content, Foaming character, Organoleptic evaluation, pH, Fragrance test, Shape retention, Storage stability, Total flavonoid content estimation of Tooth paste Formulation, Stability study (Storage stability), Antimicrobial activity of toothpaste etc. The main objective of this review article is to compile the available information related to herbal toothpaste like its introduction, different formulations and different parameters on which these herbal toothpastes can be evaluated. This information can be used by many researcher who wants to make research in this area.

The paper discusses how different components in toothpaste relate to dental health as a whole. This was done by using a case study of Marvin's Toothpaste. It reviewed the functions and efficiencies of key ingredients concerning oral hygiene. The research seeks to shed more light on the best formula of toothpaste for better dental health.

Coffee tooth discoloration and recovery using H2O2 containing tooth paste