During excavation works for high-speed railway infrastructure in central Italy, at a depth of 430 cm in clayey-gravelly soil, a mandibular bone fragment was discovered together with metal artefacts. The find emerged in the context of geotechnical stabilization works aimed at ensuring ground support for the railway line. The mandibular fragment, preserved with erupted teeth, was cleaned and analyzed by radiological tomography using software for morphometric and densitometric evaluation. A subsample was examined at a Nuclear Physics Centre for radioisotopic dating and to assess the individual's physical and nutritional status at the time of death. Comparative archaeological analyses were performed to identify the nature and chronology of the associated metal artefacts. Morphometric assessment confirmed the remains belonged to an adult primate of the Order Eutheria, with traits consistent with a human specimen. Radiological and isotopic studies yielded data on bone density, preservation, and temporal context. The artefacts displayed distinct morphological features attributable to manufactured tools. Archaeological comparison indicated they were most likely the tips of surgical instruments, dating to the Roman period (first century AD). This multidisciplinary investigation demonstrates the value of combining morphometric, radiological, radioisotopic, and archaeological analyses in reconstructing the biological and cultural significance of osteological finds. The evidence suggests the mandibular fragment belonged to an adult individual, and the associated artefacts can be interpreted as surgical instruments from the Roman era, providing rare insights into ancient medical practices.

Maternal vitamin D level during pregnancy has been repeatedly reported to be associated with early childhood caries (ECCs) in offspring, yet the conclusions remain inconsistent. To evaluate the association between maternal vitamin D status in different trimesters during pregnancy and offspring dental caries. This prospective cohort study was based on the Zhoushan Pregnant Women Cohort, which enrolled pregnant women between August 2011 to May 2021, and followed up on their offspring until November 2022, at Zhoushan Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China. Data were analyzed from October 2024 to April 2025. Maternal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels measured in the first, second, and third trimesters and vitamin D deficiency (VDD). The primary outcome was offspring ECCs. Secondary outcomes included the decayed, missing, or filled teeth (dmft, with lowercase term denoting primary, instead of permanent, dentition) index and caries rate (the ratio of dmft to number of erupted teeth). The cohort included 4109 mother-offspring pairs (maternal median [IQR] age, 29.0 [27.0-32.0] years; offspring gestational age at birth, 39.0 [38.0-40.0] weeks; 2121 males [51.6%]), of whom 960 children had ECCs and 3149 did not. Higher maternal 25(OH)D levels were associated with reduced odds of ECCs in offspring (first trimester odds ratio [OR], 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97-0.99], false discovery rate [FDR]-adjusted P = .009; second trimester OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97-0.99], FDR-adjusted P = .001; third trimester OR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98-1.00], FDR-adjusted P = .009), while Cox proportional hazards regression models showed protective benefits of 25(OH)D levels against ECC risk throughout all trimesters. Categorical analyses suggested elevated odds of ECCs in offspring of mothers with vitamin D insufficiency, VDD, or severe VDD compared with the vitamin D sufficiency group, although the statistical significance of some associations was attenuated after FDR correction. Moreover, higher maternal 25(OH)D levels (μg/mL) were associated with lower dmft scores (third trimester: β [SE] = -9.97 [3.97]; P = .01) and caries rate (third trimester: β [SE] = -50.87 [19.78]; P = .01). Generalized estimation equation models also confirmed the inverse associations. In this cohort study, maternal 25(OH)D levels throughout pregnancy were inversely associated with odds of offspring ECCs. These findings support the potential benefit of vitamin D supplementation before or during pregnancy in reducing the risk and severity of childhood dental caries.

Altered expression of tenascin C in pericoronal tissues by odontogenic epithelial cells during tooth eruption.

Successful correction of tooth eruption disturbance caused by mandibular enostosis using a pinhole perforation technique

BackgroundHypohyperdontia, a rare numeric dental anomaly combining tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth (ST), impacts aesthetics and function. Limited epidemiological data exist in Chinese populations. This study investigates its prevalence and distribution.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 10,112 panoramic radiographs(PRs)(August 2021 ~ December 2023) to assess hypohyperdontia prevalence, distribution and associated characteristics, including patient demographics, dentition type, ST (number, morphology, location, orientation), and tooth agenesis patterns (number, location). The hypohyperdontia patients were stratified into pre- and post-eruption groups based on permanent anterior/supernumerary tooth eruption status. All data were presented as counts(n) and percentage (%), and statistically analysed using logistic regression and Chi-square test.ResultsPrevalence was 0.66% (67/10112; M: F 42:25) without gender difference (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.78–2.11, p = 0.329). Most cases were diagnosed in the mixed dentition (mean age: 6.97 years), with 85.07% (57/67) affecting both jaws. The anteroposterior type (58.21%, 39/67) predominated over anterior type (41.79%, 28/67). Eruption-wise, 10 and 57 cases were pre- and post-eruption, respectively. ST were predominantly single (73.13%, 49/67), conical (56/85), and vertically/inverted-oriented (38/85 and 34/85, respectively), with premaxillary predilection (p = 0.001). Single-tooth agenesis was most common (38/67 cases; total missing teeth = 115). Mandibular agenesis was more frequent (p = 0.001), primarily affecting second premolars (64/115), followed by lateral incisors (26/115), without side preference (p = 0.641).ConclusionsHypohyperdontia prevalence is 0.66%, within the global range (0.002% to 3.1%) with no gender bias. Typically diagnosed in mixed dentition, most cases are bimaxillary involvement. Isolated posterior involvement is rare. ST and agenesis patterns mirror isolated anomalies. Early panoramic screening in suspected cases facilitates timely multidisciplinary management to prevent functional and aesthetic complications.

Vitamin D insufficiency is a major public health concern among young children, leading to skeletal deformities and impaired immune function. Limited sunlight exposure, poor diet, and low socioeconomic status contribute significantly to its burden in developing regions. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and health outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in children aged 0–5 years in Sindh, and to develop evidence-based strategies for its prevention and management. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Khairpur Medical College, Khairpur Mir’s, Sindh, over six months (September 2024–February 2025). A total of 500 children were assessed for serum vitamin D levels and categorized as deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20–30 ng/mL), or sufficient (>30 ng/mL). Data on sunlight exposure, dietary intake, and socioeconomic factors were collected. Clinical manifestations, including growth retardation, dental issues, muscle weakness, and respiratory problems, were documented. Statistical analysis employed chi-square and logistic regression tests. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 50% of participants, while 29% had insufficiency. Key predictors included inadequate sunlight exposure (<30 minutes/day), poor dietary intake (OR=5.6, p<0.001), and low socioeconomic status (OR=4.3, p=0.002). Rickets (32.7%), recurrent respiratory infections (30.9%), delayed tooth eruption (29.1%), and muscle weakness (27.3%) were common findings. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children in Sindh, with significant clinical and health implications. Public health initiatives promoting vitamin D supplementation, nutrition education, and sunlight exposure are urgently needed.

Ethion is a commonly used OP (Organophosphate) pesticide. The present study evaluated the transgenerational reproductive effects of prenatal ethion exposure in rats. Different doses of ethion were orally administered to pregnant rats from gestational day (GD) 6-19, at doses of 0.86, 1.7, 3.43, and 6.9 mg/kg in groundnut oil. On post-natal day (PND) 1, body weight, crown-rump length (CRL), anogenital distance (AGD), tail length, and physical status of pups were evaluated. Post-natal survival was assessed by weekly monitoring of body weight, day of pinna detachment, teeth eruption, fur development, and eye and ear opening. Pubertal onset and oestrus cycle duration were recorded in female and male offspring and they were sacrificed on PND 60, and 75 respectively. Sperm parameters and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, mRNA expression of 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD), DNA fragmentation, and histology of reproductive organs were evaluated. Lower ethion doses increased body weights, CRL, AGD, and tail lengths in pups. However, the highest dose showed significant weight reduction. Ethion delayed all postnatal developmental milestones in Filial (F1) offspring. In females, ethion-exposed groups showed prolonged oestrus cycle duration. MDA levels were elevated in the uterus, ovary, and testis. The uterus of ethion groups showed marked papillary projections and severe myometrial degeneration. The ovary showed disrupted ovarian stroma architecture and fewer developing and matured follicles in the ethion groups. mRNA expression of the 3βHSD gene revealed decreased fold change except in the 1.7 mg/kg group where an increase in the fold change was recorded. Ethion advanced the testis descent and delayed pubertal onset in males. It also reduced sperm count, motility, intact acrosome percentage, and increased sperm abnormalities. Ethion caused severe testicular degeneration with necrosis of spermatogonial cells and the formation of giant cells. It caused a decrease in the fold change of mRNA expression of the 3βHSD gene in the ovary and testis. No DNA fragmentation was observed. The findings indicate that prenatal ethion exposure induced marked transgenerational reproductive toxicity in rats.

The relationship between prolonged breastfeeding and early childhood caries remains controversial. The present study investigated relationships between dental caries experience at 42 months of age and related risk factors, focusing on breastfeeding and the number of erupted teeth. Data from 6746 children aged 42 months were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements and oral examinations were performed, and an interview sheet was provided directly to the guardians. Logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify the risk factors related to dental caries occurrence at 42 months of age. Of the 5161 children included, 13.3% had experienced dental caries between 18 and 42 months of age. Logistic regression analysis results indicated a significant association with dental caries occurrence by 42 months of age for the following factors: 12 or fewer erupted teeth (P < 0.05), 17 or more erupted teeth (P < 0.05), breast feeding (P < 0.001), and breast and bottle feeding (P < 0.01) at 18 months of age. These results suggest that breastfeeding and the number of erupted teeth at 18 months of age are important factors for dental caries experience at 42 months of age. Dental visits and guidance on breastfeeding, diet, and oral hygiene beginning when primary teeth start to erupt may benefit oral health throughout childhood.

Dental enamel, the final product of amelogenesis, is a highly mineralized bioceramic that becomes acellular and non-regenerating after tooth eruption. This paper reviews literature that explores inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport during the process of enamel formation or amelogenesis. Evidence from transcriptomics, immunolocalization, and physiology implicates ameloblast-specific sodium-dependent Pi uptake by type III sodium-phosphate cotransporters SLC20A1 (PiT1) and SLC20A2 (PiT2), and by type IIb sodium-phosphate cotransporter SLC34A2 (NaPi-IIb) with stage-specific basal (proximal) or apical (distal) enrichment, and pH-dependent expression. Controlled Pi efflux to the enamel space has been partly attributed to xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor (XPR1) mediated Pi export during maturation-stage amelogenesis. These amelogenesis-specific Pi fluxes operate within a polarized cellular framework in which Ca2+ delivery and extrusion, together with bicarbonate-based buffering regulated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), Solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) exchangers, anion exchanger 2 (AE2), and electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBCe1), at-least partially contribute to cellular Pi activity, and neutralize protons generated as the extracellular hydroxyapatite-based enamel matures. Disruption of phosphate handling reduces crystal growth and final mineral content of enamel, and produces hypomineralized or hypomature enamel with opacities, post-eruptive breakdown, and greater caries susceptibility. This review integrates multi-modal findings to appraise established features of ameloblast Pi handling, define constraints imposed by pH control and Ca2+ transport, and identify gaps in ion transporter topology and trafficking dynamics.

BackgroundAlthough the mechanisms underlying tooth eruption are not fully understood, the prenatal maternal milieu, particularly stress exposures, appears to play an important role in dental development. Yet, limited research has investigated the influence of prenatal stress and stress-related hormones on tooth eruption.MethodsThis study included 142 mother-child dyads from a birth cohort to examine associations between prenatal stress, stress-related hormones, and primary tooth eruption. The number of erupted teeth was assessed by dentists at child visits through 24 months of age. Maternal prenatal depression and anxiety diagnoses were extracted from medical records as a proxy for stress. Stress-related hormone concentrations, including cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4), were measured from salivary samples collected in late pregnancy. Generalized linear models were used to assess associations between prenatal stress, stress-related hormones, and tooth eruption, adjusting for relevant covariates.ResultsEruption timing varied within our cohort: 15.2% of children had at least one erupted tooth by 6 months, and 25% had all 20 primary teeth by 24 months. Correlations in tooth counts across visits ranged from 0.15 to 0.57. Several prenatal maternal hormones, including cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and T3, were significantly and positively associated with the number of erupted teeth at individual visits (p < 0.05). Particularly, higher prenatal cortisol levels were associated with more erupted teeth at 6 months, corresponding to an average difference of ∼4 teeth between the lowest and highest cortisol levels.ConclusionMaternal salivary hormone levels in late pregnancy may contribute to variations in primary tooth eruption during the first two years of life.

Background: The development of the curve of Spee (CoS) is influenced by skeletal morphology, orofacial growth, tooth eruption timing, mandibular relationships, overbite, and neuromuscular development. This systematic review aims to determine the most effective orthodontic methods in correcting the curve of Spee. Methods: The systematic review protocol was registered on the PROSPERO platform and conducted according to the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. For its development, a standardized search was performed across different databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science) and grey literature. The risk of bias was assessed using Faggion, Jr.’s guidelines for in vitro and in silico studies of dental materials, and the Rob-2 and ROBINS-1 tools for clinical studies. Results: The initial search found 748 studies, with 44 selected after full-text review. Of these, 22 were included in the quantitative analysis, assessing the effectiveness of braces (with or without extractions) and invisible aligners. Key methods for correcting the curve of Spee include various orthodontic archwires (nickel–titanium (NiTi), stainless steel, beta-titanium), continuous and segmented techniques, reverse curve archwires, aligners, and treatment modalities including extraction protocols. Most in vitro studies and randomized studies had a high risk of bias, and non-randomized studies showed moderate to high bias risk. Conclusions: The results suggest that conventional techniques, particularly non-extraction approaches, may be more effective than aligners in correcting the curve of Spee, although the available evidence remains limited.

ABSTRACT The early loss of permanent first molars can cause several problems such as impaired occlusion, chewing, speech and even facial asymmetry. In Brazil, around 20% of the child and adolescent population experience loss of the permanent lower first molar, due to parents’ little knowledge about the chronology of tooth eruption, a sugar-rich diet and lack of oral hygiene. This, combined with little access to quality dental treatment, leads to extractions. Prostheses and implants are not recommended for young patients as those do not follow bone movement and growth, so tooth germ transplantation can be an alternative to reestablish the functions of the lost tooth with a high success rate when using the germ transplant technique with two-thirds of root development. Digital technology such as computed tomography, scanning and printing of the germ or models of similar proportions can be used to serve as a guide during the procedure. When postoperative recommendations are followed correctly, autogenous transplantation is successful in 90% of cases, reestablishing the functions of the lost element. Keywords: 3D modeling. Autotransplant. Endodonty. Odontopediatry, Surgery.

BackgroundPrimary teeth are necessary for mastication, speech, and guiding the eruption of permanent teeth. Dental caries often requires pulpectomy treatment to preserve these teeth. The success of pulpectomy depends on root canal obturation quality. This study aimed to compare the filling quality of zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) and Endoflas using lentulo and reverse rotary techniques, assessed by micro-computed tomography.MethodsAn in vitro study was conducted on 32 extracted human primary mandibular second molars. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8) based on obturation material (ZOE or Endoflas) and technique (lentulo spiral or reverse rotary file). After standard canal preparation, obturation was performed. Micro-computed tomography assessed the quality of obturation by measuring the percentage of void and filling volume. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe lowest total void percentage was observed in the (ZOE + Lentulo) group (22.61 ± 9.00), and the highest in the (Endoflas|+Lentulo) group (35.97 ± 5.90). ZOE obturation resulted in lower voids (24.09 ± 8.50) compared to Endoflas (30.70 ± 8.50). The reverse rotary technique showed non significant lower voids (25.50 ± 7.60) than Lentulo (29.29 ± 10.10) (p = 0.181). A significant interaction effect was observed between material and technique in term of total voids (p = 0.021). (ZOE + Lentulo) group showed the highest filling volume (76.50 ± 9.10), while (Endoflas + Lentulo) had the lowest (64.02 ± 5.90). ZOE yielded higher filling volume (75.47 ± 8.50) compared to Endoflas (69.22 ± 8.50), with a significant material effect (p = 0.034), but no significant effect of technique (p = 0.138).ConclusionZOE + Lentulo technique provided the most root canal obturation quality, while Endoflas + Lentulo showed the least quality. The root canal filling quality was more influenced by the obturation material than the technique used.

Alveolar cleft, affecting almost 75% of cleft lip and palate patients, disrupts dental arch continuity and maxillofacial symmetry. Although autogenous iliac crest grafting remains the gold standard, donor-site morbidity and limited graft source drive demand for alternatives, including 3-dimensional printed patient-specific solutions. This study implemented a methodology for designing of 3-dimensional patient-specific bone graft for alveolar cleft repair using computed tomography data. On the basis of the boundaries defined by previous studies, we fulfilled the clinical functional need for alveolar cleft repair. Mirroring technology combined with manual refinement generated model precisely matching defect geometry while replicating the non-cleft side's piriform aperture curvature. Two operators independently conducted 3-dimensional modeling of patient-specific alveolar bone graft twice with a 2-week interval. One of the operators segmented the original alveolar defect and measured its volume. High intraclass correlation coefficient indicated stable reproducibility of the design workflow. Paired t test with p＞0.05 demonstrated satisfactory symmetry in height and width of piriform aperture. Pearson correlation analysis indicated there was a strong positive correlation between the bone defect volume and 3D graft volume (r=0.991, p=0.000). This methodology addressed functional needs including restoration of dental arch continuity and bone volume for tooth eruption, as well as aesthetic outcomes including nasal base symmetry and piriform contouring. This work bridges gaps in craniofacial reconstruction by integrating digital design with clinical needs.

Objective: Eruption of teeth can be defined as a normal physiological process of movement of the teeth through the alveolar bone and it takes its place in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to find if there was any relation between growth parameters and eruption of teeth in infants. Materials and Methods: 77 infants and their families accepted to be in this study. 11 questions were asked to their parents related to the normal growth of the children. Oral examination was done by using dental probe and mirror. Results: In this study, there was a significant delay of teething in children that had a cesarean delivery in comparison to normal delivery (P&lt; 0.001), and a significant delay in males compared to females (P&lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The type of delivery is associated with differences in the eruption of teeth.

Cleidocranial dysplasia, a rare genetic disorder primarily caused by Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) heterozygous mutation, serves as a representative model for investigating regulatory mechanisms of RUNX2 in bone remodeling and tooth eruption. As a master transcription factor governing mineralized tissue development, RUNX2 orchestrates bone remodeling and tooth eruption through diverse regulatory networks. It drives alveolar bone formation via transcriptional activation, integration of multiple signaling cascades, and epigenetic modifications, thereby generating the biomechanical force for tooth eruption. Concurrently, RUNX2 promotes osteoblastic secretion of osteoclastogenic factors and directly regulates osteoclast precursor differentiation, facilitating bone resorption at the coronal aspect of dental follicles to estavlish the eruption pathway. Furthermore, RUNX2 modulates eruption progression by participating in stress-induced biological signal transduction within dental follicle cells (DFCs), remodeling the DFCs microenvironment, and regulating DFCs senescence. RUNX2 also influences root development via the NOTUM-Wnt axis, providing auxiliary biomechanical conditions conducive to eruption. This review systematically delineates the pivotal role of RUNX2 in coordinating bone remodeling and tooth eruption. Future studies should leverage organoid models and multi-omics technologies to further elucidate the spatiotemporal regulatory networks of RUNX2, potentially advancing precision diagnostics and therapeutics for rare skeletal-dental developmental disorders.

Introduction: Impacted teeth may sometimes be asymptomatic but can also be associated with serious complications such as infections, cysts, or tumors. The common symptoms of impacted teeth include pain, swelling, and/or trismus (difficulty opening the mouth). Despite the potential for complications, public awareness of impacted teeth is low. Thus, this research aims to assess the awareness and consequences of impacted teeth among non-medical students. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among non-medical students in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. A validated standard questionnaire was prepared in English with multiple-choice and yes or no questions. The survey was conducted online, and the validated questionnaire with an appended informed consent form was sent via Google Form application. The questionnaire consisted of questions about awareness of and the consequences of impacted teeth. The responses of the participants were recorded and analyzed for completeness. Incomplete forms were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test for categorical variables, and the Mann–Whitney U test for group comparisons. Normality was assessed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests. Results: There were 207 (53.5%) males and 180 (46.5%) females. Of the study participants, 254 participants (65.6%) were unaware of impacted teeth, while 133 (34.4%) reported being aware. Even though females were fewer in number compared to males, they were more aware of the impacted wisdom teeth. Awareness was significantly higher among Arts and Science students compared to Engineering students (Chisquare test, p = 0.032). The study population was primarily between the ages of 17 and 25. The mean age was 20 years. Additionally, about 31% of participants were familiar with the time of eruption of wisdom teeth, indicating a moderate level of awareness among this group regarding a specific type of impacted tooth. This highlights the need for greater educational efforts to increase awareness about impacted teeth in the general population. Conclusion: The present study indicates that only 34.4% of the non-medical students were aware of wisdom teeth but were unaware of the complications of impacted teeth. Hence, a better awareness of impacted teeth and the associated problems should be created among non-medical students.

Objectives: Dental eruption is a complex process influenced by various factors, including endocrine factors as growth hormone (GH). The aim of this study was to assess differences in the advancement of tooth eruption between growth hormone-deficient (GHD) and idiopathic short-statured (ISS) children and a control group of children with normal growth patterns. Methods: A total of 156 children participated in this study: 78 patients with short stature (50 boys and 28 girls) and 78 healthy and age- and sex-matched control subjects. Each permanent tooth was classified according to its clinical eruption stage by one trained and calibrated dentist. Results: The mean age was 10.22 ± 2.42 years for the study and 10.15 ± 2.45 for the control group. In our study, we observed eruption delay during the early mixed dentition stage. A significant difference was found in the degree of eruption for all incisors and first permanent molars between the GHD before treatment group and the control group (p = 0.045). The difference was apparent at the initial stage of permanent tooth eruption, in the group of children who had not yet initiated growth hormone treatment. The eruption of remaining tooth groups did not differ significantly between the children with growth failure and the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the delay in tooth eruption observed in short-statured children, particularly affecting the first permanent molars and incisors, may reflect the direct influence of growth hormone deficiency on early dental development. The clinical relevance of this finding underlines the importance of individualized dental care and careful timing of orthodontic assessments in short-statured patients, especially prior to the initiation of GH therapy.

Association between maternal serum levels of Alpha-Fetoprotein and eruption timing of the first central deciduous tooth: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To discuss a rare case of ectopic intranasal eruption of a tooth presenting as chronic rhinosinusitis focusing on the cause of the delayed diagnosis and emphasizing the role of otorhinolaryngologists in the management of this disease entity. Methods:Design: Case ReportSetting: Tertiary Government Training HospitalPatient: One Results: A 25-year-old, partially edentulous woman initially presented with a four-year history of foul-smelling right nasal discharge accompanied by nasal congestion, nasal pain, and epistaxis. Several general physicians prescribed unrecalled antibiotics and pain medications which provided only temporary relief of the symptoms. Due to the persistence of the foul-smelling discharge which was recalcitrant to medications, culture and sensitivity testing at our institution revealed moderate growth of pseudomonas aeruginosa and computed tomography scans of the paranasal sinuses showed a right intranasal tooth, thickening of the inferior turbinate and septal deviation to the right. Following endoscopic removal of the intranasal tooth and septoplasty, there was resolution of symptoms and no complications. Conclusion: Ectopic intranasal eruption of tooth has not yet been reported in the Philippines. Delays in diagnosing and starting proper management can lead to morbidity and serious complications such as development of antibiotic resistance. A high index of suspicion by an ENT-HNS physician with thorough nasal physical examination could have aided in the early diagnosis and management of the intranasal tooth.