Library Tools Research Articles

Civil Responsibility Arising from the Transmission of COVID-19.

Background: Once COVID-19 is transmitted, the corresponding civil responsibility should be clarified by the identification of the transmitter, compensation of the damage and detection of the causal relationship between the damage or harm and the harmful act. Methods: This research has been prepared by descriptive analytical method and its data has been collected by documentary library tools. Results: What makes this relationship meaningful and suable is the existence of fault. By definition, fault refers to any deviation from the normal or conventional behavior. On this basis, a COVID-infected person is considered faulty if he or she does not care about public health and transmits the disease to others by avoiding safety measures and violating hygienic protocols. This lack of care for others is a concrete example of deviation from normal civil behavior. One cannot claim civility unless the safety measures prescribed by the law are taken. Violating the law in this case, which leads to disease transmission, is considered as a fault. Conclusion: If an infected person is incautious enough to make others sick, the law holds him or her faulty; the harm done by the undue lack of causation Based on this obvious causal relationship, the faulty individual is held responsible for the loss or damage compensation, as by incurring the treatment costs.The most important challenges in respect of covid are the non-recognition of certain transporter to the victim of covid 19 and proof of causation.

Assessing Demographics and Needs of Online Students before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from Academic Libraries

Students are integral to all universities, and online students have long been a growing and important population within higher education. Understanding the shifts of demographics and needs of online students through a global pandemic is crucial for university administrators, instructors, and librarians. For this analysis, a librarian at a mid-sized, public university performed a mixed-method study with interviews and surveys to virtual students about their academic needs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study found that online students continue to want versatile and diverse library tools and resources to advance their academic success to face world challenges.

Pseudocritical Rapid Energy Dissipation Analysis of Base-Load Electrical Demand Reduction on Nuclear Steam Supply System

Effect of pseudocritical rapid energy dissipation (PRED) from Pressurizer in nuclear steam supply system of Pressurized Water Reactor, where a single event as common cause failure, of considerable reduction of base-load electricity demand causes the temperature of the reactor coolant system (RCS) to increase, and corresponding pressure increases in pressurizer and steam generators above set-points. The study employed the uses of MATLAB/Simulink library tools, to experimentally modelled pressure control as PRED, where the momentum of transport of kinematic viscosity fraction above pseudocritical point dissipated as excess energy, to maintain the safety of the Pressurizer and RCS and keep the water from boiling. The result demonstrated the significance of pressure vector and Prandlt number as heat transfer coefficients that provided detailed activities in 2-D contour and 3-D graphics of specific internal energy and other parameterization of fluid in the pressurizer.

IMPROVED INTELLIGENT BASE TECHNIQUE FOR PATH AND SOLUTION IN ROBOTIC USING PREWILL EDGE DETECTION PARADIGM

The major contribution in this research paper is concerned with the development of a humanoid robot using edge detection technique which selects features of the principal parts of the object and eliminates parts that are not necessary. The developed prototype of the motorized robot shows that robots in real life exhibit some level of intelligence. In the design process, the model of a humanoid robot was developed first using the simulink library tools in Matlab/Simulink environment. This research paper has improved autonomous path finding robots by incorporating very powerful and well-structured program/codes that gives the robot the ability to predict and make smart decision lending to efficient execution of desired assignment (picking of dirt in the surrounding).Result shows that the developed robot has simplified the way No robot interacts with object thereby saving cost and energy. A motorized autonomous path finding robot was designed and constructed to demonstrate the working principle of robot. The motorized robot and the humanoid robot have the capability to detect obstacle along its part at 30cm away from the obstacle. When the robot is switched on, it initializes after which forward movement until it gets 30cm closer to an obstacle it then stops, reverse backwards and then change direction. When it moves 30cm close to another obstacle, it stops reverse backwards, then turns left or right to another direction, and will continue to behave that way until the power button is switched off.

Партия власти и системная оппозиция в Государственной Думе: различия в структуре территориального образа России

Abstract. Introduction: the legislative speeches at plenary sessions in the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation provide rich material for analyzing deputy’s ideas about the world arrangement, including the issues of territorial and political nature. The latter are of interest because they are a kind of gateway to the “real world” in which real people and organizations live and operate in specific localities and territories. It can be assumed that with regard to the parties represented in the State Duma, their place in the partypolitical system is one of the factors of differences in Russia’s territorial image. The period under analysis covers the time between the State Duma’s 4th and 7th convocation (2003–2021), characterized by the formation of a fairly stable party-political system with the dominance of “United Russia” party and the representation of three parties of systemic opposition in the lower house of the Russian parliament. Objectives: to identify the differences between the factions of the State Duma in the volume and structure of references to geographical objects. Methods: “Natasha” library tools for analyzing natural language text based on deep learning methods, the OpenStreetMap automatic geocoding system, and content analysis. Results: compared to other factions, “United Russia” refers less to geographical entities in relation to the total speaking volume of its deputies. At the same time, the mention of Russia and everything “geographically” connected with it has a more abstract, that is, high-level character among “United Russia” members. This is manifested, at least, in two ways. Firstly, “United Russia” deputies talk less about geographic objects of the regional level and below. Secondly, in their general reference to specific regions, they are much more likely, compared to other factions’ deputies, to limit themselves by only naming the region. In other words, systemic opposition deputies talk more about towns and localities “within” regions. Conclusions: The territorial image of the country in the “United Russia” rhetoric significantly differs from the other factions’ image in the level of its abstraction. This may be explained by the role of “United Russia” as the party of power, i.e. the instrument of presidential dominance in parliament. Being politically dominant, it bears the main administrative burden in the Duma processes. This reduces its incentive for using the rhetoric that opens up the gateways to the “real world”.

Eucalyptus forest plantation assessment of vegetation health using satellite remote sensing techniques

Early examination of the water condition of the plants utilizing remote sensing technology can be used to assess the health of the vegetation in the Eucalyptus forest plantation. To preserve a sustainable wood supply and wooded region that is necessary to human life and vital wood supplies, the forested region should be protected from disease and environmental damage. Disease and environmental impacts are two of the most critical challenges in Eucalyptus forest management. To calculate the vegetation index and identify land cover in the research region, remote sensing with Catalyst Professional software based on Object Analyst (OBIA) tools was utilized. The NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) is a valuable index for assessing early vegetation health. For atmospheric correction and haze removal, the image was first pre-processed with ATCOR tools. Second, the image was converted to NDVI using algorithm library tools. In addition, for land cover classification in the area, an OBIA based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) was utilized, followed by an accuracy assessment. Using ArcGIS software, zonal statistics were used to calculate the NDVI value for each land cover category. According to the method, the map produced roads, plantations, buildings, low-density vegetation, oil palm, and open area classifications. Based on accuracy assessment in OBIA, plantation, oil palm, and open area were all 100% accurate, whereas low-density vegetation and oil palm were 100% accurate according to the user. Producer accuracy was lowest on roads, whereas user accuracy was lowest in open areas. Non-vegetated land is difficult to classify at this site, according to the accuracy assessment results. The map improved accuracy since the study used a lower segmentation scale factor of 50, which produced fine vectors ascribed for classification. The average NDVI for oil palm area was 0.71, and 0.69 for plantation. Because it was difficult to classify open areas and roads, the NDVI for the class was low, at 0.37 and 0.22, respectively. From land use classification, the plantation was classified (37%), low-density vegetation area (28%), and oil palm (21%). Others make up only 2 to 7% of the site’s overall area. According to the study, NDVI is a useful indicator for assessing the health of vegetation in areas where NDVI values are larger than 0.70 and presents pf mixed landscape and non-vegetated features. A higher NDVI value implies that the plant is in good enough shape to conduct photosynthetic activities thus producing biomass for sustaining vegetation health. This type of inquiry can forecast more indices to produce higher accuracy of land use maps for the Eucalyptus plantation. At the same time, this type of research can assist forest managers in detecting large areas in their plantation for vegetation health assessment such as for early disease detection.

Applications of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in Academic Libraries: An Overview of Turkana University College Library

Information is considered as need of human in the recent undertakings. In this paper the study has been done to research on application of Information communication Technology (ICT) and uses of ICT tools in Academic Libraries, with a focus on Turkana University College Library, to find out the application of ICT skills in Library Information Science professionals and to modernize the libraries. The study has been done in the School of Science and Technology and School of Education and Social Sciences, with the aims: (1) how students in these schools apply ICT in the library, and (2) how ICT tools are applied to provide innovative services to the users. This paper shows that the application of ICT tools is increasing in academic libraries especially from the two schools of Turkana University College, due to the development of technologies and according to the respondent ranking mobile phone is making it inevitable, due to easy access at any time anywhere.

Management Software for Monitoring Related Versions of Cultural Heritage Artifacts for Libraries and Museums

AbstractIn cultural object conservation, tracking provenance has served as the foundational method of managing information for historical artifacts. To find data points, archivists identify related versions of an artifact at various time points. In this paper, we discuss four categories with versioned examples to display the importance of data points for identifying patterns over time through events in history, cultural heritage, performing arts, and fine arts. We describe our use of the Ashurbanipal diristry to document scholarly research regarding library tools and technologies for the preservation of cultural objects as well as the implementation of PORTAL‐DOORS Project (PDP) utilities for tracing provenance and distribution of cultural objects and interoperability with bibliographic formats such as BIBFRAME and MARC from existing archival methods.

Libraries in the digital age

Editor’s note: Health Libraries Australia receives sponsorship from vendors for various activities it undertakes, including JoHILA. Sponsorship helps to offset the sundry costs associated with hosting and maintaining the journal. In this and future issues opportunity will be made available for the sponsor to share with the readership information that may be of interest or relevance. As with conference presentations and the like this content is provided independently by the sponsor and Health Libraries Australia is not endorsing any particular company or product. Also, please note for this article comments from me are featured. These comments were made in response to a generic question about the balance between print and digital tools in health libraries, and were offered independent of my JoHILA role. They do not represent an endorsement of particular companies or products.

Late Breaking Abstracts

Late Breaking Abstracts

INGOT-DR: an interpretable classifier for predicting drug resistance in M. tuberculosis

MotivationPrediction of drug resistance and identification of its mechanisms in bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, is a challenging problem. Solving this problem requires a transparent, accurate, and flexible predictive model. The methods currently used for this purpose rarely satisfy all of these criteria. On the one hand, approaches based on testing strains against a catalogue of previously identified mutations often yield poor predictive performance; on the other hand, machine learning techniques typically have higher predictive accuracy, but often lack interpretability and may learn patterns that produce accurate predictions for the wrong reasons. Current interpretable methods may either exhibit a lower accuracy or lack the flexibility needed to generalize them to previously unseen data.ContributionIn this paper we propose a novel technique, inspired by group testing and Boolean compressed sensing, which yields highly accurate predictions, interpretable results, and is flexible enough to be optimized for various evaluation metrics at the same time.ResultsWe test the predictive accuracy of our approach on five first-line and seven second-line antibiotics used for treating tuberculosis. We find that it has a higher or comparable accuracy to that of commonly used machine learning models, and is able to identify variants in genes with previously reported association to drug resistance. Our method is intrinsically interpretable, and can be customized for different evaluation metrics. Our implementation is available at github.com/hoomanzabeti/INGOT_DR and can be installed via The Python Package Index (Pypi) under ingotdr. This package is also compatible with most of the tools in the Scikit-learn machine learning library.

Evaluation of Thoracic Equivalent Multiport Circuits Using an Electrical Impedance Tomography Hardware Simulation Interface

Electrical impedance tomography is a low-cost, safe, and high temporal resolution medical imaging modality which finds extensive application in real-time thoracic impedance imaging. Thoracic impedance changes can reveal important information about the physiological condition of patients’ lungs. In this way, electrical impedance tomography can be a valuable tool for monitoring patients. However, this technique is very sensitive to measurement noise or possible minor signal errors, coming from either the hardware, the electrodes, or even particular biological signals. Thus, the design of a good performance electrical impedance tomography hardware setup which properly interacts with the tissue examined is both an essential and a challenging concept. In this paper, we adopt an extensive simulation approach, which combines the system’s analogue and digital hardware, along with equivalent circuits of 3D finite element models that represent thoracic cavities. Each thoracic finite element model is created in MATLAB based on existing CT images, while the tissues’ conductivity and permittivity values for a selected frequency are acquired from a database using Python. The model is transferred to a multiport RLC network, embedded in the system’s hardware which is simulated at LT SPICE. The voltage output data are transferred to MATLAB where the electrical impedance tomography signal sampling and digital processing is also simulated. Finally, image reconstructions are performed in MATLAB, using the EIDORS library tool and considering the signal noise levels and different electrode and signal sampling configurations (ADC bits, sampling frequency, number of taps).

Perbandingan Naïve Bayes dan Support Vector Machine untuk Klasifikasi Ulasan Pelanggan Indihome

IndiHome is an internet service provider from PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk with the widest internet coverage in Indonesia. Customer satisfaction is one of the things that must be considered in a company, including the IndiHome company. IndiHome's customer service satisfaction level can be seen from customer reviews via Twitter social media. This study discusses the classification of IndiHome customer reviews by applying the CRISP-DM research stages and the application of the Naïve Bayes Classifier algorithm and the Linear Support Vector Machine Kernel. Customer review data were obtained from Twitter, totaling 1000 tweets using the Rapid Miner and R library tools. The preprocessing stages applied were cleansing, case folding, tokenizing, word conversion, stopword, and stemming. The results of data visualization are presented in the form of a word cloud which is categorized based on positive and negative opinions of words that often appear. The results showed that the application of the Support Vector Machine Kernel Linear algorithm is better than the Naïve Bayes Classifier algorithm with an accuracy value of 82.11%, 76.44% precision, 88.01% recall, and an AUC value of 0.909.

Aiding and Abetting: Third-Party Tracking and (In)secure Connections in Public Libraries

ABSTRACT Patron privacy, as articulated in the American Library Association (ALA) Code of Ethics, is a longstanding concern for librarians. In online environments, the possibility of tracking by third parties, usage of HTTPS/TLS to provide secure connections, and easy disclosure of a site’s privacy policies all have implications for user privacy. This paper presents new empirical evidence about these issues and discusses their ethical implications. Data about the incidence of third-party tracking, usage of HTTPS by default, and easy discoverability of a privacy policy or terms of service (TOS) were collected for public libraries across Canada and the United States. The sample consisted of 178 public libraries; members of the Canadian Urban Libraries Council and Urban Libraries Council. Several common commercial databases (e.g. OverDrive) were also examined using the same criteria. Results show that only 12% of libraries were devoid of third-party tracking, with Google Analytics being the most common third-party tracker. While libraries may support HTTPS under certain circumstances, it was found that a majority of libraries serve neither their websites nor their online catalogs (OPACs) HTTPS by default. Regarding disclosure of possible tracking, it was found that 58% of libraries did not link to a TOS or privacy policy from their homepage. Together with previous research on the usage of privacy-enhancing tools in public libraries, these results suggest that public libraries are accessories to third-party tracking on a large scale. Implications of this fact in light of library professional ethics are discussed.

Digital Staff Trainings Tools for Rural Public Libraries in Georgia: Challenges, Trends, and Recommendations

Digital Staff Trainings Tools for Rural Public Libraries in Georgia: Challenges, Trends, and Recommendations

Makerspaces

The idea of makerspace in a library is one that has re-emphasized the importance of library spaces in today’s digitally controlled society. Makerspace as a concept promotes creative learning, critical thinking, communication, collaboration and problem solving skills among people and also inspires them to shift from being passive consumers to active creators. The library makerspace provide space for people of all ages to build prototypes, explore new ideas and build something together, thus, enhancing human capacity building among library users. Consequently, this paper theoretically examined makerspace as a library tool for capacity building in developing countries. The concept of makerspace, makerspace tools, and the best practices for effective makerspace were discussed. The paper also explored makerspace as a library tool for capacity building as well as the challenges faced in creating library makerspace. The paper concluded that library makerspace provide a safe place for people to feel comfortable creating and using powerful tools without feeling pressured.

An Introduction to the Ethics of Belief in the Criminal Justice System

In this article, by adopting a descriptive-analytical method, using library tools, carrying out an interdisciplinary study and taking the general meaning of ethics into consideration, the terms thought and belief, their relationship with the ethics of criminal justice and their application in some pillars, are first explained. Then, with an emphasis on a new reading of William Kingdon Clifford's theory of morality, as well as some moral concepts such as, rational responsibility and self-deception, the intellectual, epistemological foundations and beliefs of some elements of the criminal justice system is critiqued. Furthermore, the development and advancement of his moral logic in the application of this important matter in related issues is addressed.The explanation provided is, we believe that in decision-making bodies, and especially in important professions which deal with legislation and litigation, the holders of these rights are morally responsible to be prudent and criticize a belief based on a justifiable reason, and consequently observe the decision, seek the truth and make the right decision based on the facts. This is because they are morally responsible to think more carefully, find more realistic evidence, and to make more informed decisions and judgments in order to achieve a correct and right belief. Furthermore, they must ensure that there is a logical and rational relationship between their belief and reason. Fuzzy Logic was the criterion and logic employed in order to evaluate the ethics of belief.

Makerspaces

The idea of makerspace in a library is one that has re-emphasized the importance of library spaces in today’s digitally controlled society. Makerspace as a concept promotes creative learning, critical thinking, communication, collaboration and problem solving skills among people and also inspires them to shift from being passive consumers to active creators. The library makerspace provide space for people of all ages to build prototypes, explore new ideas and build something together, thus, enhancing human capacity building among library users. Consequently, this paper theoretically examined makerspace as a library tool for capacity building in developing countries. The concept of makerspace, makerspace tools, and the best practices for effective makerspace were discussed. The paper also explored makerspace as a library tool for capacity building as well as the challenges faced in creating library makerspace. The paper concluded that library makerspace provide a safe place for people to feel comfortable creating and using powerful tools without feeling pressured.

Biosynthetic Strategies for Macrocyclic Peptides.

Macrocyclic peptides are predominantly peptide structures bearing one or more rings and spanning multiple amino acid residues. Macrocyclization has become a common approach for improving the pharmacological properties and bioactivity of peptides. A variety of ribosomal-derived and non-ribosomal synthesized cyclization approaches have been established. The biosynthesis of backbone macrocyclic peptides using seven new emerging methodologies will be discussed with regard to the features and strengths of each platform rather than medicinal chemistry tools. The mRNA display variant, known as the random nonstandard peptide integrated discovery (RaPID) platform, utilizes flexible in vitro translation (FIT) to access macrocyclic peptides containing nonproteinogenic amino acids (NAAs). As a new discovery approach, the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) method involves the combination of ribosomal synthesis and the phage screening platform together with macrocyclization chemistries to generate libraries of macrocyclic peptides. Meanwhile, the split-intein circular ligation of peptides and proteins (SICLOPPS) approach relies on the in vivo production of macrocyclic peptides. In vitro and in vivo peptide library screening is discussed as an advanced strategy for cyclic peptide selection. Specifically, biosynthetic bicyclic peptides are highlighted as versatile and attractive modalities. Bicyclic peptides represent another type of promising therapeutics that allow for building blocks with a heterotrimeric conjugate to address intractable challenges and enable multimer complexes via linkers. Additionally, we discuss the cell-free chemoenzymatic synthesis of macrocyclic peptides with a non-ribosomal catalase known as the non-ribosomal synthetase (NRPS) and chemo-enzymatic approach, with recombinant thioesterase (TE) domains. Novel insights into the use of peptide library tools, activity-based two-hybrid screening, structure diversification, inclusion of NAAs, combinatorial libraries, expanding the toolbox for macrocyclic peptides, bicyclic peptides, chemoenzymatic strategies, and future perspectives are presented. This review highlights the broad spectrum of strategy classes, novel platforms, structure diversity, chemical space, and functionalities of macrocyclic peptides enabled by emerging biosynthetic platforms to achieve bioactivity and for therapeutic purposes.

Scavenging for evidence: A systematic review of scavenger hunts in academic libraries

IntroductionScavenger Hunts have longstanding popularity as an outreach and instruction learning tool in academic libraries. This systematic review examines the implementation and assessment of scavenger hunts in academic library settings to determine trends in implementation and effectiveness. MethodsA systematic literature search in multiple databases was performed to identify studies that assessed academic library scavenger hunts. Results that did not include some physical aspect of a scavenger hunt in a library building, and results that lacked some form of assessment of the scavenger hunt were excluded. ResultsThirteen case studies utilizing various forms of formal and informal assessment were included. Only four articles explicitly stated the population involved in the assessment, and one article provided a decisive timeframe for the scavenger hunt. The most commonly stated desired outcome was for students to have fun and/or be engaged. Assessment tools reported in the included articles were rarely reviewed or tested for validity. DiscussionThe available literature on scavenger hunts in academic libraries does not provide enough evidence to make an evidence-based decision on utilizing this modality. Recording participant demographic data, and focus on assessing the scavenger hunt as an effective tool are suggestions for improving future library-based scavenger hunts.