Tool In Psychological Research Research Articles

Biomechanics intervention promotes college students’ English vocabulary acquisition and mental health

The ability to access and use vocabulary effectively is critical to academic performance. Strong English vocabulary is important for college students because they will not only understand course material but also engage in discussion and writing activities, and interact with colleagues and teachers. However, the word order learning can be difficult, often leading to dissatisfaction and decreased desire students. The effectiveness of biomechanical intervention college students improves their mental health and develop vocabulary in English. A total of 145 college students participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to group A, which received a biomechanics-based exercise program, and group B, which received a traditional physical activity (PA) program. Participants completed validated questionnaires to measure mental health indicators, including anxiety, stress, and overall well-being. The questionnaires used included the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), a well-established tool in psychological research. This research conducted tests that assessed various aspects of vocabulary knowledge, including word recognition, meaning, and usage in context. The data was analyzed using statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, t-tests, and regression analysis. ANOVA was to analyze connections between two groups. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 29 software. The results showed that it significantly improved English vocabulary acquisition and cognition health in Group A. These students also reported well, if low, mental health levels of stress and anxiety increased well-being in general. This study emphasizes biomechanics, which can be incorporated into language learning, showing increased PA. Vocabulary acquisition and positively influence mental health. The results showed that significantly improved English vocabulary acquisition and cognition health in Group A. These students also reported good, if low, mental health levels of stress and anxiety and increased well-being in general.

Data simulations for advancing psychological research: Insights, preparations and investigations.

Simulation has become an essential tool in psychological research, offering unique insights into statistical concepts, optimising research project planning and modelling human behaviour and cognition. This tutorial navigates simulations' diverse applications across various research stages. This tutorial begins by demonstrating simulations' impact on understanding statistical concepts. Amidst growing demands for effect size reporting and interpretation, simulations can help clarify the relationship between data and effect sizes, benefiting both educational purposes and advanced research. Simulations play a crucial role in planning psychological research. They provide flexible solutions for power, helping to determine necessary sample sizes and aiding in robust research planning, providing evidence of planned procedures. Simulations are pivotal in exploring human behaviour and cognition, as well as statistical method properties. By forcing researchers to translate verbal theory into formal models, simulation can help specify the assumptions. The paper also discusses improving simulation efficiency, such as using calculation clusters, optimising simulation practices and recognises simulations' limitations. This paper emphasises simulations' versatile role in psychological research. They enable deep insights into complex datasets, streamline project preparation and uncover subtleties in human behaviour, cognition and statistical methodologies.

Revisiting effects of teacher characteristics on physiological and psychological stress: a virtual reality study

Identifying personal characteristics associated with teachers’ stress is a longstanding research goal with important implications for practice. The present work revisits the effects of individual characteristics in terms of neuroticism, classroom management self-efficacy, and cognitive (reasoning) abilities on stress using virtual reality (VR). Relying on a sample of 56 German pre-service teachers (Mage = 22.73, SDage = 4.93; 50.9% females), we capitalized on a VR classroom environment that allowed the integration of experimental control and authentic teaching situations, where pre-service teachers responded to the disruptive behaviors of the student avatars. We focused on stress responses in terms of psychological stress (self-reported stress) assessed after the VR session, and physiological stress (heart rate) assessed during the VR session. A total of 30 (26) participants was assigned to a condition with higher (lower) levels of disruptive student behavior, referred to as higher and lower complexity condition, respectively. Results from linear mixed-effects models revealed that neuroticism positively predicted psychological and physiological stress responses in pre-service teachers, whereas classroom management self-efficacy and cognitive (reasoning) abilities were not significantly related to stress responses. Level of complexity and the interaction between complexity and individual characteristics did not have an effect. This study underlines the value of VR as a tool for psychological research and contributes to existing knowledge on teacher characteristics and stress.

Research on Virtual Reality Experience and User Behavior from the Perspective of Psychology

Virtual reality (VR) technology has attracted a lot of attention in many fields, including entertainment, healthcare, education and industrial applications. As technology continues to advance, VR has become a powerful tool for psychological research to delve deeper into human cognition, emotion, and behavior. This thesis aims to study the relationship between virtual reality experience and user behavior from the perspective of psychology. By combining virtual reality technology and psychological theory, we explore how virtual reality affects users' perceptual, emotional, and cognitive processes, as well as users' behavior in virtual environments. We first review the development of virtual reality technology, including its definition, technical composition and application areas. We then propose a theoretical framework of psychology to explain the psychological mechanisms of virtual reality experience. This includes important concepts such as perception, attention, emotion, and cognitive load, which play a key role in understanding user behavior and experience in virtual reality. The experience of virtual reality includes not only visual and auditory perception, but also the emotional experience and physical perception of the user. We'll delve into how virtual reality creates immersion, evokes emotions, and changes the user's physical perception. At the same time, we will focus on the user's behavior in the virtual environment, including their actions, interactions and reactions. The research method is an important part of exploring virtual reality experience and user behavior. We will cover experimental design, data acquisition tools, and analytical methods to help researchers delve deeper into this area. In the empirical research section of this paper, we will present a series of specific studies that demonstrate how virtual reality affects user attention, emotion, cognition, and behavior. These studies will provide insights that will help us better understand the psychological effects of virtual reality. Finally, in the discussion and conclusion section, we will summarize the findings, discuss their connection to psychological theory, and make suggestions for future research. These studies are not only of great significance to the field of psychology, but also provide strong support for the application and improvement of virtual reality technology.

Разработка и апробация методики «Диагностика признаков молодежной субкультуры в малых социальных группах»

<p>The article presents the results of the development and testing of the author's methodology, designed to identify signs of youth subculture in a youth group and allow to characterize its type. The methodology is based on the idea that subcultural communities have a number of external and internal distinctive features, differ based on the level of social activity and orientation. The socio-psychological model of the youth subculture was updated, including organizational, socio-cultural and socio-practical components. The approbation took place on a sample of 284 people. The psychometric assessment of the technique allows us to speak of a sufficiently high level of its reliability, validity and internal consistency, which indicates the possibility of considering it as a measurement tool in psychological research.</p>

Statistical Assumptions and Reproducibility in Psychology: Data Mining Based on Open Science.

The failures of reproducibility in psychology (or other social sciences) can be investigated by tracing their logical chains, from statistical hypothesis to their conclusion. This research starts with the normality hypothesis, the homoscedasticity hypothesis, and the robust hypothesis and uses the R language to simulate and analyze the original data of 100 studies in Estimating the Reproducibility of Psychological Science to explore the influence of the premise hypothesis on statistical methods on the reproducibility of psychological research. The results indicated the following: (1) the answer to the question about psychological studies being repeatable or not relates to the fields to which the subjects belonged, (2) not all the psychological variables meet the normal distribution hypothesis, (3) the t-test is a more robust tool for psychological research than the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and (4) the robustness of ANOVA is independent of the normality and variance congruence of the analyzed data. This study made us realize that the repeatable study factors in psychology are more complex than we expected them to be.

Immersion, presence, and episodic memory in virtual reality environments

ABSTRACT Although virtual reality (VR) represents a promising tool for psychological research, much remains unknown about how properties of VR environments affect episodic memory. Two closely related characteristics of VR are immersion (i.e., the objective degree to which VR naturalistically portrays a real-world environment) and presence (i.e., the subjective sense of being “mentally transported” to the virtual world). Although some research has demonstrated benefits of increased immersion on VR-based learning, it is uncertain how broadly and consistently this benefit extends to individual components of immersion. Moreover, it is unclear whether presence may mediate the effect of immersion on memory. Three experiments assessed how presence and memory were affected by three manipulations of immersion: field of view, unimodal (visual only) vs. bimodal (audiovisual) environments, and the realism of lighting effects (e.g., the occurrence or absence of shadows). Results indicated that effects of different manipulations of immersion are heterogeneous, affecting memory in some instances and presence in others, but not necessarily both. Importantly, no evidence for a mediating effect of presence emerged in any of these experiments, nor in a combined cross-experimental analysis. This outcome demonstrates a degree of independence between immersion and presence with regard to their influence on episodic memory performance.

Climate change denial is associated with diminished sensitivity in internalizing environmental externalities

espite a strong scientific consensus about the existence of anthropogenic climate change, widespread scepticism in the general population continues to exist. Past research has largely relied on self-reported behaviours or behavioural intentions when investigating downstream ‘behavioural’ consequences of climate change denial. As a consequence, there remains a large gap in the literature about how belief in climate change interacts with the pursuit of self-interested, environmentally harmful behaviours. To fill that gap, the present research uses a novel, experimental economic paradigm that allows to attach true environmental consequences to laboratory decisions. Based on ∼56 000 pollution decisions from 2273 participants in more than 30 countries, we find that belief in climate change meaningfully affects decision-making. Our results show that climate change scepticism predicts self-interested choices and showcases that sceptics have an insensitive acceptance of emissions, reaping benefits no matter how large the climate cost are or how small the personal benefits become. Therefore, our results critically augment meta-analytic evidence arguing that downstream behavioural consequences are small to medium in their effect size. We discuss the use of experimental economic paradigms as a crucial innovation tool for psychological research addressing people’s willingness to engage in climate action.

The use of virtual reality (VR) exposure for reducing contamination fear and disgust: Can VR be an effective alternative exposure technique to in vivo?

Background and objectivesVirtual reality (VR) has become a new tool in psychological research and application. Although several studies have investigated its triggering and reducing role in anxiety via VR-based exposure and response prevention (VR-ERP) across different psychopathologies, its efficiency in contamination fear and reduction of disgust are yet to be examined. The study contributes to the field by investigating the effectiveness of the VR-ERP on the reduction of anxiety, disgust and urge to wash levels using an experimental design. MethodsA total of 21 non-clinical participants with high contamination fear were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 9) and control (n = 12) groups. The experimental group was exposed to repeated VR-ERP sessions. ResultsAfter a minimum of three VR-ERP sessions, the experimental group scored significantly lower than the control group on the anxiety, disgust, and urge to wash hands scores. LimitationsA small sample size, an analogue sample, and a generic virtual scenario content were potential limitations of the study. ConclusionsThe results indicated that the VR-ERP can be an efficient and alternative exposure tool in the reduction of anxiety, disgust, and urge to wash hands. The theoretical and clinical applications of the VR-ERP in the treatment of contamination-based OCD symptoms were discussed in light of our findings.

Behavioral realism and lifelike psychophysiological responses in virtual reality by the example of a height exposure.

Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly gaining importance as a valuable methodical tool for psychological research. The greatest benefit of using VR is generating rich, complex and vivid, but still highly controllable settings. As VR has been found to elicit lifelike psychophysiological and emotional responses, we examined by means of a height exposure whether VR resembles physical reality to the necessary degree to constitute a suitable framework for investigating real-life behavior in a controlled experimental context. As hypothesized, participants behaved in VR exactly as would be appropriate in a real environment: Being exposed to great height, participants walked significantly slower across a virtual steel girder construction protruding from a high-rise building as compared to participants who traversed the very same construction on the ground level. In the height condition, this realistic behavior could be predicted on basis of the participants' trait anxiety. Aligned with the behavioral responses, they showed realistic psychophysiological responses, i.e., an elevated heart rate when exposed to height. Interestingly, participants of the height condition reported a greater sense of presence, which indicates that emotions have an elevating effect on presence. As a conclusion, our findings provide further evidence that VR evokes lifelike responses at both behavioral and psychophysiological level and therefore increases ecological validity of psychological experiments.

Investigation of Psychometric Properties of Blood/Injection Fear Scale-Persian Version (BIFS-PV)

Background: Blood, injection, and injury (BII) phobia is one of the most common psychiatric disorders based on the criteria introduced in DSM-IV (fourth edition). Given the lack of a Persian instrument for BII phobia examination and the absence of accurate data on this type of phobia in the Iranian population, it is essential to assess the fear of BII in order to analyze and help mitigate BII phobia across the country. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of blood/ injection fear scale (BIFS-PV) in a sample of the Iranian population. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 246 patients (aged ≥ 14 years) referring to Kowsar Hospital, Semnan, were selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included a demographic questionnaire, BIFS, blood-injection symptom scale (BISS), fear savory scale-III (FSS-III), and life orientation test (LOT). IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 and IBM SPSS Amos 21 were used to analyze the data. Results: Based on the results, the correlation coefficients of BIFS with BISS and FSS-III were -0.41 and -0.24, respectively, indicating convergent validity of BIFS. The correlation of BIFS with LOT was 0.37, suggesting the divergent validity of the scale. Factor analysis confirmed the appropriate fitting of the two-factor model of BIFS-PV with available data. Furthermore, examining the psychometric properties of BIFS-PV established internal consistency of the total scale (0.96) and its injection subscale (0.95) and blood subscale (0.91). Moreover, the test-retest reliability coefficients of BIFS-PV and its injection and blood subscales were 0.86, 0.90, and 0.91, respectively. Conclusions: The results of the study corroborated the factor structure and validity of BIFS-PV in the study population. Therefore, this scale can be implemented as an effective tool in psychological research.

ПРОЦЕДУРА СЕМАНТИКО-СМИСЛОВОГО АНАЛІЗУ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ АКМЕОРІЄНТОВАНОЇ ЗРІЛОЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ

The development of a mature personality is considered in the context of its holistic and purposeful presentation in the form of a generalized category of the work of life and an acme-oriented mature personality, as an integrative-holistic entity. This education is systematically structured on the basis of the Axi-vector of higher values at the pre-reflexive, reflective and spiritual levels and the acme vector according to the stages of acme orientation. The article presents the procedure of the semantic-sense analysis of the research of the development of akme-oriented mature personality. The following experimental procedure for semantic-sense analysis of narratives is presented. 1) Semantic analysis, which allows to identify the "semantic field" (SF) and form a "concentration sense" (CS). 2) Correlation analysis, which makes it possible to single out the "common semantic core" (CSC), to determine the correlation coefficient, as well as the "coincidence" of identical words. 3) Sense analysis, which envisages the creation of a "common concentrated sense" (CCS) and a "specific concentrated sense" (SCS), which was used in the study of the development and formation of the model acme-oriented mature personality (AOMP). The article deals with the procedure of semantic-semantic analysis on the example of one of the most stressful situations (the first battle) of combat operations (DB) under counter-terrorism operation (ATO), when the focus is on axiological meanings. The proposed procedure for semantic-semantic analysis of narratives is an effective tool that consists of standardized techniques that are valid and reliable. Also, the complex application of these methods, and thanks to individual generalization with the help of a competent expert, can produce a qualitatively new result in the form of axiological meanings. This makes it possible to conduct an experimental procedure in combat and is, in turn, an effective tool for psychological research in crisis situations. Therefore, the results presented in the article are an achievement that is of practical importance, both for peer review and for the purpose of psychotherapy.

Recent Advancements in Neuroimaging Methods as a Tool for Psychological Research

Recent Advancements in Neuroimaging Methods as a Tool for Psychological Research

Are samples drawn from Mechanical Turk valid for research on political ideology?

Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is an increasingly popular tool for the recruitment of research subjects. While there has been much focus on the demographic differences between MTurk samples and the national public, we know little about whether liberals and conservatives recruited from MTurk share the same psychological dispositions as their counterparts in the mass public. In the absence of such evidence, some have argued that the selection process involved in joining MTurk invalidates the subject pool for studying questions central to political science. In this paper, we evaluate this claim by comparing a large MTurk sample to two benchmark national samples – one conducted online and one conducted face-to-face. We examine the personality and value-based motivations of political ideology across the three samples. All three samples produce substantively identical results with only minor variation in effect sizes. In short, liberals and conservatives in our MTurk sample closely mirror the psychological divisions of liberals and conservatives in the mass public, though MTurk liberals hold more characteristically liberal values and attitudes than liberals from representative samples. Overall, our results suggest that MTurk is a valid recruitment tool for psychological research on political ideology.

Pornography in sex research: the construction of sex, gender, and sexual orientation

The use of sexually explicit audio-visual material as a tool for psychological research has gained attention in the popular press as well as in field-specific publications in the past few decades. However, the conversation about such studies rarely addresses the complex nature of pornographic motion pictures, treating pornography as a simple stimulus rather than as a complicated spectatorial engagement with multiple appeals. This article examines the work of two of the most prolific researchers in the field of sexual response and sexual orientation studies, J. Michael Bailey and Meredith L. Chivers. The article explores the researchers’ assumptions about pornography and sexuality through the rhetoric in their published papers and the aesthetics and content of the specific audio-visual stimuli they employ. Although the researchers employ pornography as a presumptively pre-cultural tool that produces objective scientific knowledge about sexual orientation, gender, and sex, their use of this sexually explicit audio-visual material in fact constructs the very categories it is then used to examine.

Smartphones: A Game Changer for Psychological Research

As technology continues to advance and smartphones continue to grow in popularity, we argue that smartphones have rapidly evolved as a suitable tool for psychological research. In this editorial, we will first briefly introduce the technological and social features possessed by smartphones that are ideal for psychology research. Then we distinguish two approaches to use smartphones for research, highlighting the external and internal validity of each approach. We further discuss computer skills and analysis methods needed for research with smartphones.

The Infamy of Begging: A Case-Based Approach to Street Homelessness and Radical Commerce

First, this article explores begging and window washing as a form of radical commerce engaged in by an infamous homeless man in Auckland. Our approach brings to the fore the everyday spaces, tactics, and relationships that are central to the street life of Joshua. We consider how success as a breadwinner for Joshua’s street family not only engenders self-worth and a sense of belonging but also binds him to a street life that undermines his health. Second, we demonstrate the utility of the case as an essential tool for urban research in psychology. The case of Joshua is constructed from a series of informal, rapport-building conversations, a biographical interview through which Joshua offered an account of his life, and direct observations of Joshua window washing and begging. We also draw on a go-along interview where Joshua took us on a tour of his city, and four sets of photo-elicitation projects and corresponding follow up interviews that document key transitions for him between street and domiciled life.

Tamaño del efecto: cálculo mediante un módulo en visual basic

Este trabajo presenta un módulo en lenguaje Visual Basic para el cálculo del Tamaño del Efecto. El uso adecuado de este método y su falta de implementación en los paquetes estadísticos tradicionales justifica la construcción del software como una herramienta para el investigador en psicología, donde es común el uso de la diferencia estadísticamente significativa como un indicador único de la magnitud e importancia de la diferencia de grupos, sin considerar otros aspectos conceptuales y técnicos que son necesarios para comprender de modo más profundo tales comparaciones y las implicancias de estas. Se discute el uso y las limitaciones de la herramienta.

Nonnaïveté among Amazon Mechanical Turk workers: Consequences and solutions for behavioral researchers

Crowdsourcing services--particularly Amazon Mechanical Turk--have made it easy for behavioral scientists to recruit research participants. However, researchers have overlooked crucial differences between crowdsourcing and traditional recruitment methods that provide unique opportunities and challenges. We show that crowdsourced workers are likely to participate across multiple related experiments and that researchers are overzealous in the exclusion of research participants. We describe how both of these problems can be avoided using advanced interface features that also allow prescreening and longitudinal data collection. Using these techniques can minimize the effects of previously ignored drawbacks and expand the scope of crowdsourcing as a tool for psychological research.

Pesquisa qualitativa da violência psicológica: um instrumento de análise da linguagem

This text is a desk research whose goals are: to offer an analysis of literature on domestic abuse and/or domestic violence; demonstrate the limitation of the category “home” to address the dynamics of women’s gender-related issues and provide a tool for qualitative research in psychology, in which the examination of language reveals the psychological violence practiced in a family arrangement. I selected bibliography from the period 2000 to 2010 to approach the topic in a methodological strategy whose steps allow you to conceptualize, characterize the subject researched and discuss the theme concept to draw up summaries. The analysis of relational violence can be unveiled through the acts and functions of language. We understand that women have intense public life, are not “domestic”, nor the violence that affects is. The analysis grid allows you to achieve a hermeneutic understanding of the power speech contained in the text and of the subjects’ psychological processes that integrate it. Key words: qualitative research, language, violence, speech.