Tonsillectomy Group Research Articles

Effectiveness of laser tonsillectomy compared to conventional cold steel tonsillectomy in children

Background: The Effectiveness of CO2 laser tonsillectomy is not conclusively known. The current study aimed to determine its effectiveness compared to the cold steel dissection for tonsillectomy in children. Methods: This interventional study was done in the Department of Otolaryngology of AL-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. It was done in 80 children eligible for tonsillectomy, evenly divided into cold steel dissection tonsillectomy (group A) and CO2 laser tonsillectomy (group B). The surgical outcomes of the two groups were analysed for operative time, intra-operative blood loss, post-operative pain, bleeding, tonsillar fossae sloughing, and the time taken to return to daily activity. Results: The CO2 tonsillectomy group showed better effectiveness in terms of operative time (37.6 versus 19.5 min), intra-operative blood loss (42.7 versus 15.8 mL), postoperative pain at days 1, 7 and 14), and tonsillar bed sloughing (25.0% versus 32.5%). However, primary and secondary postoperative haemorrhages were similar between the groups. Conclusions: Although the results are not generalisable, the CO2 laser tonsillectomy was more effective than the cold steel dissection tonsillectomy.

Tonsillectomy Under the Microscope: Is Routine Histopathological Analysis Necessary?

Introduction Tonsillectomy is the most common surgery in otorhinolaryngology worldwide, with many indications in adults and children. Traditionally, all tonsillectomy specimens are routinely submitted for histopathological examination, even in the absence of clinical suspicion of malignancy. This practice has been debated due to its resource implications and the low yield of malignancy in routine cases. In this study, we aim to determine the prevalence of occult malignancy in our population and assess the necessity of histopathology examination after routine tonsillectomies. Methodology This retrospective chart review was conducted on patients who underwent tonsillectomy between January 2018 and December 2019 at a single tertiary care center. The patients were divided into two groups: those undergoing routine tonsillectomy without clinical suspicion of malignancy and those with suspected malignancy based on preoperative evaluation. Results A total of 1857 tonsillectomy cases were analyzed, comprising 1839 routine cases with no suspicion of malignancy and 18 cases where malignancy was suspected. Among the routine cases, 1609 (87.5%) were pediatric patients, and 230 (12.5%) were adult patients. All cases in the suspected malignancy group were adults. In the routine tonsillectomy group, recurrent tonsillitis was the most common indication for surgery, observed in 821 (51.1%) pediatric patients and 160 (69.6%) adult patients. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia was the most common histopathological finding, present in 1589 (98.8%) pediatric cases and 187 (81.3%) adult cases. No unexpected malignancies were identified in the routine tonsillectomy group (0%). In the suspected malignancy group, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia was identified in 13 cases (72.2%), lymphoma in four cases (22.2%), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in one case (5.6%). All patients diagnosed with lymphoma presented with visible tonsillar lesions and palpable neck lymph nodes, three (75%) exhibited tonsillar asymmetry, and two (50%) reported weight loss. The single patient with SCC had asymmetrical tonsils, a visible tonsillar lesion, and palpable neck lymph nodesand experienced weight loss. Conclusion The study findings demonstrated no cases of unexpected malignancy in routine tonsillectomy specimens, reinforcing the argument that routine histopathological examination may not be necessaryin the absence ofclinical suspicion of malignancy. These results, along with considerations of cost-effectiveness and resource optimization, suggest that histopathological analysis maybe reserved only for cases with clinical indicators of malignancy.

A comparison of the outcomes of tonsillectomy and expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty operations in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the efficacy of tonsillectomy and expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty (ESP) in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods OSA patients with Friedman grade III-IV tonsil hypertrophy diagnosed with polysomnography were separated into two groups according to the surgery performed, as the classic tonsillectomy group (Group 1) and the ESP group (Group 2). The primary endpoint of the study was to determine the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) value. Results Group 1 comprised 24 patients with median preoperative AHI of 19.7 and postoperative AHI of median 11.8 (p = .0001). Group 2 comprised 29 patients with median preoperative AHI of 25.1 and postoperative AHI of median 16.3 (p = .0001). Nine (37.5%) of the 24 patients in Group 1 accepted as cure (79.1%). Eight (27.5%) of the 29 patients in Group 2 accepted as cure (72.4%). Conclusion There was no superiority of ESP over tonsillectomy in patients with lateral pharyngeal obstruction.

Incidence of Late-Onset Psoriasis Following Tonsillectomy: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort.

Tonsillectomy has been suggested as a potential intervention to resolve psoriasis; however, its preventive effects on the development of psoriasis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the risk of developing late-onset psoriasis among a Korean adult population who had undergone tonsillectomy. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort between 2002 and 2019 were utilized. Out of a total of 514,866 participants, 1082 participants aged 40 years or older who had undergone tonsillectomy were matched with 4328 control participants using overlap weighting adjustment based on the propensity score. The incidence and hazard ratio (HR) of psoriasis were calculated for both tonsillectomy and control groups. The incidence rates of psoriasis were 1.30% in the tonsillectomy group and 1.20% in the control group. The incidence of psoriasis (overlap-weighted HR = 1.08, 95% confidence of interval = 0.69-1.69, and p = 0.732) did not differ significantly between the patients who underwent tonsillectomy and those in the control group. The cumulative probability of developing psoriasis was not different between the two groups (Log-rank test: p = 0.440). These findings were consistent across subgroups divided by age, sex, income, and region of residence. We found that tonsillectomy did not confer a preventive effect on the development of late-onset psoriasis in the Korean adult population.

Serum IgA/C3 ratio: a useful marker of disease activity in patients with IgA nephropathy.

High serum IgA and low serum C3 levels resulting from lectin and alternative pathway activation might be related to IgA nephropathy (IgAN) progression and exacerbation. This study examined whether the serum IgA/C3 ratio can serve as an IgAN progression marker. (1) This nationwide multicenter retrospective study in Japan included 718 patients with biopsy-confirmed IgAN. The patients whose serum creatinine levels at the time of renal biopsy had doubled were defined as having disease progression. (2) Furthermore, to investigate the pathological significance of a reduction in serum IgA/C3 ratio, we reviewed 63 patients whose serum IgA and C3 data at the end of the observation period were obtained. (1) A Kaplan-Meier analysis of the patients with IgAN revealed that the group with a high serum IgA/C3 (≥ 3.3) had a significantly worse renal outcome. In a multivariate analysis of eGFR ≥ 60mL/min per 1.73m2 at the time of biopsy, poor renal outcome was significantly predicted by a serum IgA/C3 ratio of ≥ 3.3. (2) A 15% reduction in the change of serum IgA/C3 ratio was associated with a significantly higher percentage of complete remission of proteinuria. Among the four groups divided by treatment, both the serum IgA/C3 ratio and proteinuria were reduced only in the tonsillectomy and steroid pulse group. The serum IgA/C3 level might reflect the disease activity and be a potent surrogate marker of therapeutic efficacy in patients with IgAN.

Comparison of Surgical Complications between Cold Steel Dissection Method and Bipolar Electro Dissection Method in Tonsillectomy

Objectives: To assess whether bipolar electro dissection tonsillectomy has better surgical outcome compared to traditional cold steel dissection followed by silk ligature. Methodology: A Randomized Control Trial (RCT) was conducted at Department of ENT and Head-Neck surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, from 1st January, 2020 to 30th July, 2021 Total 100 patients were enrolled through non- probability consecutive sampling and according to the selection criteria, who were admitted for elective tonsillectomy. They were randomly allocated into two groups of 50 persons each Bipolar electro dissection' (BED) and 'Cold Steel Dissection (CSD) group according to surgical method applied on them. The parameters of comparison were-duration of surgical technique, intraoperative blood loss, post-operative hemorrhage, pain, time taken returning to solid diet and healing rate of tonsillar fossac. Results: The mean operative time was 23.7±4.4 minutes in BED whereas 47.2±48.1 minutes in CSD method (p<0.0001). Mean intra operative blood loss was less in BED (16.4±6.6ml) than in CSD (37.8±6.6ml) technique (p<0.001). Overall reactionary hemorrhage rate was 12% and overall secondary hemorrhage rate was 18%. There was no statistically significant difference in post-operative hemorrhage incidence between two methods (p=0.373). Moderate to severe post- operative pain is more common bipolar method (68% & 12%) than dissection method (46% & 6%) which was significant (p=0.012). Mean time taken to return to solid diet for BED group was 8.12 days (range 3-16 days) and for the CSD group was 4.23 days (range 3-15 days) (p>0.05). Regarding aspect of the tonsillar fossa in the CSD group healing was faster than BED group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Operative time and intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the bipolar electro dissection tonsillectomy (BED) group. Postoperative pain was significantly less in cold steel dissection tonsillectomy (CSD) group. Time taken to return to solid ......

Depression risk in chronic tonsillitis patients underwent tonsillectomy: a global federated health network analysis.

Background: Tonsillectomy is a common surgery in the US, with possible postoperative complications. While small studies indicate postoperative depressive symptoms may occur, large-scale evidence is lacking on the tonsillectomy-depression link. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX US collaborative network, offering de-identified electronic health data from 59 collaborative healthcare organizations (HCOs) in the United States. In this study, people being diagnosed of chronic tonsillitis between January 2005 and December 2017 were enrolled. Patients deceased, with previous record of cancers or psychiatric events before index date were excluded. 14,874 chronic tonsillitis patients undergoing tonsillectomy were propensity score matched 1:1 to controls for age, sex, and race. New-onset depression risks were evaluated over 5 years post-tonsillectomy and stratified by age and sex. Confounders were adjusted for including demographics, medications, comorbidities and socioeconomic statuses. Results: After matching, the difference of key baseline characteristics including age, sex, comedications status and obesity status was insignificant between tonsillectomy and non-tonsillectomy groups. Tonsillectomy had a 1.29 times higher 5-year depression risk versus matched controls (95% CI, 1.19-1.40), with elevated risks seen at 1 year (HR=1.51; 95% CI, 1.28-1.79) and 3 years (HR=1.30; 95% CI, 1.18-1.43). By stratifications, risks were increased for both males (HR=1.30; 95% CI, 1.08-1.57) and females (HR=1.30; 95% CI, 1.18-1.42), and significantly higher in ages 18-64 years (HR=1.37; 1.26-1.49), but no significance observed for those 65 years and older. After performing sensitivity analyses and applying washout periods of 6, 12, and 36 months, the outcome remained consistent with unadjusted results. Conclusion: This real-world analysis found tonsillectomy was associated with a 30% higher 5-year depression risk versus matched non-tonsillectomy patients with chronic tonsillitis. Further mechanistic research is needed to clarify the pathophysiologic association between depression and tonsillectomy. Depression is not commonly mentioned in the current post-tonsillectomy care realm; however, the outcome of our study emphasized the possibility of these suffering condition after operation. Attention to psychological impacts following tonsillectomy is warranted to support patient well-being, leading to better management of post-tonsillectomy individuals.

Association between Tonsillectomy and Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between tonsillectomy and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the Korean adult population. Using data from the 2002-2015 Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort, a total of 1082 participants aged 40 years or older who had undergone tonsillectomy were matched with 4328 control individuals for age, sex, income, and region of residence. We evaluated the incidence of CVDs in both the tonsillectomy and control groups and calculated the hazard ratios (HRs) of stroke, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and heart failure (HF) for participants who underwent tonsillectomy using a stratified Cox proportional hazard model. The incidence rates of stroke (81.3 vs. 46.6 per 10,000 person-years) and IHD (112.3 vs. 64.9 per 10,000 person-years) were significantly higher in patients who had undergone tonsillectomy than in the control group. After adjustment, the tonsillectomy group exhibited a 1.78-fold and 1.60-fold higher occurrence of stroke (CI = 1.32-2.42, p < 0.001) and IHD (CI = 1.24-2.08, p < 0.001), respectively, compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of tonsillectomy and control groups (11.1 vs. 6.1 per 10,000 person-years). The HR of HF did not differ significantly between the tonsillectomy and control groups in the adjusted model (p = 0.513). We identified a significant relationship between a history of tonsillectomy and occurrence of stroke/IHD in the Korean adult population.

Comparison of Bizact™ and Bipolar Tonsillectomy in Pediatric Patients

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of Bizact™ and bipolar electrocautery on peroperative and postoperative bleeding, pain, operation time in pediatric patients. Methods: One Hundred and twenty eight (128) pediatric patients who underwent tonsillectomy were included in this prospective study. The patients were operated with indications of recurrent tonsillitis, chronic tonsillitis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Patients with a history of bleeding diathesis and peritonsillar abscess were excluded from the study. Results: While the mean peroperative bleeding amount measured in the Bizact™ tonsillectomy group was 16 ml, the mean amount of bleeding in the bipolar cautery group was 65 ml. When the mean operation times were compared, the mean operation time in the Bizact™ group was 15 minutes, and it was significantly lower than in the bipolar cautery group, which was 22 minutes. Patients' postoperative pain scores and return to normal diet were also significantly lower in the Bizact™ group than in the bipolar cautery group. Pain scores of the patients on postoperative 1st, 3rd and 5th days were significantly lower in the Bizact™ tonsillectomy group than in the bipolar cautery group. While bleeding occurred on the 4th day in 1 patient in the bipolar cautery group, no postoperative bleeding was observed in the Bizact™ group. Conclusion: Bizact™ tonsillectomy provides safe peroperative and postoperative bleeding control, less pain, and an earlier return to normal diet and social life.

Coblation tonsillectomy versus conventional tonsillectomy

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of conventional tonsillectomy versus coblation tonsillectomy with respect to duration of surgery, amount of intraoperative bleeding, recovery time, and post-surgical pain. Material and Methods: Sixty patients were divided into two groups. One group underwent conventional tonsillectomy while coblation tonsillectomy was performed in the second group. Duration of surgery, amount of intraoperative bleeding, recovery time, and postsurgical pain were measured. All patients were followed for 24 months. Results: Comparing the coblation tonsillectomy group to the cold steel dissection tonsillectomy group, the mean duration of surgery was 6.92 versus 18 min, the amount of intraoperative bleeding was 2.75 versus 39.88 mL, and the difference on the post-operative pain scale between the two groups was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.005). There was no recurrence of tonsillitis episodes in either of the two groups during the 2-year follow-up period. Conclusion: After adequate training, the coblation technique is beneficial to both the surgeon and the patient, including the possibility to excise tissue and coagulate bleeding vessels with the same device. Post-operative morbidity and complications are lower as compared to the conventional cold dissection technique.

A comparison of coblation and modified monopolar tonsillectomy in adults

ObjectiveTo compare the intraoperative records and postoperative clinical outcomes of adults who underwent coblation and modified monopolar tonsillectomy tonsillectomies.Materials and methodsAdult patients with tonsillectomy were randomly divided into the coblation and modified monopolar tonsillectomy groups. The estimated blood loss, postoperative pain score, operation time, post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH), and cost of disposable equipment were compared.ResultsPain intensity in the coblation and monopolar groups was similar on postoperative days 3 and 7. However, the mean maximum pain score in the monopolar group was significantly higher compared to the coblation group on postoperative days 1 (P < 0.01) and 2 (P < 0.05).Secondary PTH occurred in 7.1% (23/326) of patients in the coblation group and 2.8% (9/327) of patients in the monopolar group (P < 0.05).ConclusionAlthough pain was significantly increased on postoperative days 1 and 2 in the modified monopolar tonsillectomy group, the operation time, secondary PTH, and medical costs were significantly decreased compared to the coblation technique group.

Conservative management versus tonsillectomy in adults with recurrent acute tonsillitis in the UK (NATTINA): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial

Tonsillectomy is regularly performed in adults with acute tonsillitis, but with scarce evidence. A reduction in tonsillectomies has coincided with an increase in acute adult hospitalisation for tonsillitis complications. We aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of conservative management versus tonsillectomy in patients with recurrent acute tonsillitis. This pragmatic multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial was conducted in 27 hospitals in the UK. Participants were adults aged 16 years or older who were newly referred to secondary care otolaryngology clinics with recurrent acute tonsillitis. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive tonsillectomy or conservative management using random permuted blocks of variable length. Stratification by recruiting centre and baseline symptom severity was assessed using the Tonsil Outcome Inventory-14 score (categories defined as mild 0-35, moderate 36-48, or severe 49-70). Participants in the tonsillectomy group received elective surgery to dissect the palatine tonsils within 8 weeks after random assignment and those in the conservative management group received standard non-surgical care during 24 months. The primary outcome was the number of sore throat days collected during 24 months after random assignment, reported once per week with a text message. The primary analysis was done in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, 55284102. Between May 11, 2015, and April 30, 2018, 4165 participants with recurrent acute tonsillitis were assessed for eligibility and 3712 were excluded. 453 eligible participants were randomly assigned (233 in the immediate tonsillectomy group vs 220 in the conservative management group). 429 (95%) patients were included in the primary ITT analysis (224 vs 205). The median age of participants was 23 years (IQR 19-30), with 355 (78%) females and 97 (21%) males. Most participants were White (407 [90%]). Participants in the immediate tonsillectomy group had fewer days of sore throat during 24 months than those in the conservative management group (median 23 days [IQR 11-46] vs 30 days [14-65]). After adjustment for site and baseline severity, the incident rate ratio of total sore throat days in the immediate tonsillectomy group (n=224) compared with the conservative management group (n=205) was 0·53 (95% CI 0·43 to 0·65; <0·0001). 191 adverse events in 90 (39%) of 231 participants were deemed related to tonsillectomy. The most common adverse event was bleeding (54 events in 44 [19%] participants). No deaths occurred during the study. Compared with conservative management, immediate tonsillectomy is clinically effective and cost-effective in adults with recurrent acute tonsillitis. National Institute for Health Research.

Comparison of Ligasure versus Bipolar Diathermy Tonsillectomy

Aim: To compare the operational time, blood loss and consequences of tonsillectomy with Ligasure versus bipolar diathermy. Methods: A total of 106 individuals were randomized to have their Tonsillectomy done with either Ligasure or bipolar diathermy in this prospective trial. The length of procedure, amount of blood lost during it, degree of post-operative pain and the outcomes all were documented and studied. Results: In total, 106 cases were studied, with 53 cases in to the Ligasure Group and 53 cases to Bipolar Tonsillectomy Group. During surgery, bipolar diathermy group lost more amount of blood. The Ligasure group had an average operative time of 4 minutes less. Both groups had similar degrees of postoperative pain. Despite the fact that the Ligasure group had less postoperative hemorrhages than the diathermy group, there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Study concluded that tonsillectomies using ligasure took longer than those with bipolar diathermy. Both groups had similar perioperative hemostasis. The rate of postoperative bleeding was higher than anticipated. Keywords: Ligasure, bipolar diathermy hemorrhage, hemostasis, blood loss during surgery

Effectiveness of Tonsillectomy vs Modified Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in Patients With Tonsillar Hypertrophy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (mUPPP) is a surgical treatment for selected adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Tonsillectomy (TE) alone is a less extensive alternative treatment. To investigate whether mUPPP is more effective than TE alone in treating adult patients with tonsillar hypertrophy and moderate to severe OSA. This blinded randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of mUPPP with TE alone before surgery and 6 months postsurgery in adults with tonsillar hypertrophy (sizes 2, 3, or 4 according to the Friedman staging) and moderate to severe OSA in a university hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Participants underwent surgery from January 2016 to February 2021; the last postsurgery follow-up was completed in September 2021. Data analyses were performed from January to September 2022. mUPPP vs TE alone. Between-group differences on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). The study cohort comprised 93 patients (mean [SD] age, 41.6 [9.4] years; 80 [86%] men; race/ethnicity were not considered) with a mean (SD) body mass index of 29.0 (2.8), calculated as weight in kg divided by height in m2. Of these, 90 participants (97%) completed the protocol (mUPPP, n = 45; TE, n = 45). The mean (SD) AHI score (number of events per hour [events/h]) for the mUPPP group decreased by 43%, from 51.0 (22.6) to 28.0 (20.0) events/h; and for the TE group, 56%, from 56.9 (25.1) to 24.7 (22.6) events/h. The mean between-group difference in AHI score was 9.2 events/h (95% CI, 0.5 to 17.9), with a small effect size (Cohen d = 0.44) in favor of TE. For ESS scores, the between-group difference was also small, only 1.1 (95% CI, -1.3 to 3.4; Cohen d = 0.21). Neither difference was considered to be clinically relevant. This randomized clinical trial demonstrated that mUPPP was not more effective than TE alone in treating patients with tonsillar hypertrophy and moderate to severe OSA. However, there was a small difference in favor of TE. Because TE alone is less extensive, it could be considered as an alternative to mUPPP in this selected group of patients with OSA. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02523248.

Comparison of short-term recovery in children with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing tonsillotomy vs. tonsillectomy.

To compare the pain levels, degrees of pharyngeal swelling, and weight loss after tonsillectomy vs. tonsillotomy in children clinically diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) over the first seven postoperative days, and to determine which procedure was associated with better recovery in the early postoperative period. Between April 2021 and December 2021, 121 children with OSA (80 males and 41 females), ranging from 3 to 12 years of age with an average age of 6.7 years, were prospectively enrolled in this study conducted at Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: a tonsillotomy group with 63 cases (40 males and 23 females) and a tonsillectomy group with 58 cases (40 males and 18 females). The patients' pain levels [as indicated by Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM) scores] and degrees of pharyngeal swelling were recorded for seven days postoperatively, and the patients' body weights were recorded on postoperative day seven. In the tonsillotomy group, the PPPM scores were the highest on the day of surgery and on the first postoperative day; the patients' pain levels gradually decreased.The PPPM scores in the tonsillectomy group were higher than those in the tonsillotomy group from the day of surgery to the seventh postoperative day (p < 0.05). The degree of pharyngeal swelling was lower in the tonsillotomy group than in the tonsillectomy group. Weight loss was lower in the tonsillotomy group than in tonsillectomy group on the 7th day after surgery (p < 0.05). On the fifth, sixth, and seventh postoperative days, compared with preschool children, school-age children who had undergone tonsillotomy experienced more pain relief than those who had undergone tonsillectomy (p < 0.05). Children with OSA experienced less pain, less pharyngeal swelling, and less weight loss with tonsillotomy than with tonsillectomy. On the fifth, sixth, and seventh postoperative days, compared with preschool children, tonsillotomy in school-age children is more advantageous in school-age children.

Human papillomavirus detection in oral rinses and history of tonsillectomy in U.S. adults

PurposeThis study aims to elucidate any relationship between prior tonsillectomy and the presence of oropharyngeal HPV DNA found in screening mouth rinses. Materials and methodsA cross sectional study was conducted using the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants between 40 and 69 were included in the study and medical, surgical, and sexual health history were recorded. Multivariable analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with HPV prevalence in oral rinse samples. ResultsA total of 4825 participants were recorded with 21.1 % having a history of tonsillectomy. In the no tonsillectomy group, 8.6 % of respondents had a positive oral rinse for HPV, while 7.2 % of those with a tonsillectomy had a positive rinse sample. There was no association between age and HPV prevalence (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI: [1.00–1.07]). When controlling for demographics, medical history, and sexual behaviors, tonsillectomy history was not shown to have an association with HPV (OR = 0.86, 95 % CI: [0.53–1.40]). However, men, Hispanics, smokers, and those with higher lifetime sexual partners had increased odds of having a positive HPV oral rinse sample which was statistically significant. ConclusionOur data showed that a history of tonsillectomy was not significantly associated with the presence of HPV in an oral rinse. However, a significant relationship was seen between the presence of HPV in oral rinses and certain demographic factors such as male gender, Hispanic race, smoking history, and increased sexual partners.

Comparison of perioperative indicators, treatment efficacy, and postoperative complications between tonsillotomy and tonsillectomy for children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.

SUMMARYOBJECTIVE:This study aimed to compare the perioperative indicators, treatment efficacy, and postoperative complications between tonsillotomy and tonsillectomy for children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.METHODS:A total of 134 children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome were divided into tonsillotomy group (n=66) and tonsillectomy group (n=68). The tonsillotomy group received tonsillotomy treatment with a power cutter, while the tonsillectomy group received tonsillectomy treatment. The perioperative indicators, treatment efficacy, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in operative time between the two groups (p>0.05), with significant difference in amount of blood loss, postoperative Visual Analogue Scale score, food intake amount, and general diet-taking starting time between the two groups (p<0.05). The total effective rate of treatment had no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). There was significant difference in postoperative bleeding, upper respiratory tract infection, and pharyngeal scar grade between the two groups (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Compared with tonsillectomy treatment for children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, tonsillotomy treatment is more beneficial to optimize the perioperative indicators, relieve the postoperative pain, facilitate the postoperative recovery, and reduce the postoperative complications, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Time to Functional Recovery After Laser Tonsillotomy Performed Under Local Anesthesia vs Conventional Tonsillectomy With General Anesthesia Among Adults

Carbon dioxide laser tonsillotomy performed under local anesthesia may be an effective and less invasive alternative than dissection tonsillectomy for treatment of tonsil-related afflictions. To compare functional recovery and symptom relief among adults undergoing tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy. This randomized clinical trial was conducted at 5 secondary and tertiary hospitals in the Netherlands from January 2018 to December 2019. Participants were 199 adult patients with an indication for surgical tonsil removal randomly assigned to either the tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy group. For tonsillotomy, the crypts of the palatine tonsil were evaporated using a carbon dioxide laser under local anesthesia, whereas tonsillectomy consisted of total tonsil removal performed under general anesthesia. The primary outcome was time to functional recovery measured within 2 weeks after surgery assessed for a modified intention-to-treat population. Secondary outcomes were time to return to work after surgery, resolution of primary symptoms, severity of remaining symptoms, surgical complications, postoperative pain and analgesics use, and overall patient satisfaction assessed for the intention-to-treat population. Of 199 patients (139 [70%] female; mean [SD] age, 29 [9] years), 98 were randomly assigned to tonsillotomy and 101 were randomly assigned to tonsillectomy. Recovery within 2 weeks after surgery was significantly shorter after tonsillotomy than after tonsillectomy (hazard ratio for recovery after tonsillectomy vs tonsillotomy, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2-0.5). Two weeks after surgery, 72 (77%) patients in the tonsillotomy group were fully recovered compared with 26 (57%) patients in the tonsillectomy group. Time until return to work within 2 weeks was also shorter after tonsillotomy (median [IQR], 4.5 [3.0-7.0] days vs 12.0 [9.0-14.0] days; hazard ratio for return after tonsillectomy vs tonsillotomy, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2-0.4.). Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients (2%) in the tonsillotomy group and 8 patients (12%) in the tonsillectomy group. At 6 months after surgery, fewer patients in the tonsillectomy group (25; 35%) than in the tonsillotomy group (54; 57%) experienced persistent symptoms (difference of 22%; 95% CI, 7%-37%). Most patients with persistent symptoms in both the tonsillotomy (32 of 54; 59%) and tonsillectomy (16 of 25; 64%) groups reported mild symptoms 6 months after surgery. This randomized clinical trial found that compared with tonsillectomy performed under general anesthesia, laser tonsillotomy performed under local anesthesia had a significantly shorter and less painful recovery period. A higher percentage of patients had persistent symptoms after tonsillotomy, although the intensity of these symptoms was lower than before surgery. These results suggest that laser tonsillotomy performed under local anesthesia may be a feasible alternative to conventional tonsillectomy in this population. Netherlands Trial Register Identifier: NL6866 (NTR7044).

Effect of fasting time before anesthesia on postoperative complications in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Although the guidelines clearly recommend the fasting time of children before anesthesia, it is usually difficult to control. For pediatric patients, prolonged fasting time before surgery will lead to dehydration and hypoglycemia. Adenotonsillectomy is one of the most common operations in pediatric patients, but its complications are not rare. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between preoperative fasting time and postoperative complications in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. The medical and surgical records of 480 pediatric patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into three groups, including adenoidectomy group, tonsillectomy group, and adenotonsillectomy group. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of preoperative fasting time on postoperative complications and hospital stay in pediatric patients of the three groups. The postoperative bleeding rate in the adenoidectomy group (5.16%) was lower than tonsillectomy group and adenoidectomy group (P < .001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the fasting time was positively correlated with the vomiting and pain in adenoidectomy group, tonsillectomy group, and adenotonsillectomy group. And, the postoperative hospital stay was also positively correlated with fasting time in three groups. The prolonged fasting time before otolaryngology surgery in children is related to the occurrence of postoperative complications like vomiting and pain, and also to the increase of postoperative hospital stay.

Tonsillectomy as a risk factor of periodontitis: A population-based cohort study.

To determine whether patients who had undergone tonsillectomy would have higher risks of postoperative periodontitis. Data were collected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Dataset from 1999 to 2013, a population-based cohort study consisting of cases of newly-onset sleep apnoea, chronic diseases of tonsils and adenoids, peritonsillar abscess, and periodontal diseases. A total of 1482 tonsillectomy cases and 14,796 non-tonsillectomy controls were selected. Propensity score matching37 between the tonsillectomy group and the non-tonsillectomy group was conducted to exclude the confounding effect resulting from indications of tonsillectomy. Cox proportional hazard model and subgroup analyses were conducted to identify subpopulations at risk of tonsillectomy-associated periodontitis, and a sub-outcome analysis was applied to identify the subtype of tonsillectomy-associated periodontitis. A total of 648 patients who had undergone tonsillectomy and 648 out of 6509 propensity score-matched controls were retrieved, among which 230 cases in the tonsillectomy group were associated with post-surgical periodontitis (adjusted HR=1.31, 95% CI=1.08 to 1.59). The association persisted in a subpopulation of patients with periodontitis who received mechanical and surgical treatments for periodontitis (adjusted HR=1.33, 95% CI=1.09 to 1.63). The incidence of periodontitis was significantly high in the individuals who underwent tonsillectomy and was particularly high in those that were below 12 years of age (HR=1.58, 95% CI=1.10 to 2.27). The risk of periodontitis increased 4 years after tonsillectomy (HR=1.82; 95% CI=1.29 to 2.59). The majority of post-tonsillectomy periodontitis was aggressive and acute periodontitis (HR=1.37; 95% CI=1.10 to 1.71). Tonsillectomy performed in pediatric patients of < 12 years old, increased the risk of developing periodontitis. Aggressive and acute periodontitis as a long-term, postoperative adverse event took place at 4 years or longer after tonsillectomy.