Tonic Drinks Research Articles

АНКЕТИРОВАНИЕ СРЕДИ СТУДЕНТОВ ОШСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА О УПОТРЕБЛЕНИИ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ НАПИТКОВ

. In modern society there is a problem associated with constant evolution and acceleration of the pace of life. The increasing complexity of human activity is accompanied by increasing demands on the results of his work. This leads to a decrease in the attention paid by individuals to their lifestyle, which in turn manifests itself in a decrease in activity, partly due to the proliferation of computers, reduced leisure time, changes in sleep patterns and disruption of healthy eating principles. In response to such changes, people are turning to the consumption of energy drinks, aimed at increasing alertness and stimulating physical or mental activity, temporarily restoring energy and activating the nervous system. In this regard, the use of tonic drinks is popularized among the population of Kyrgyzstan. A particular increase in consumption is observed among young people. However, excessive consumption of such drinks can pose serious dangers. A survey was conducted among students of Osh State University to study the practice of consuming energy drinks. Students were studied in different categories: by age, by gender and by university faculties. The results showed that awareness of the dangers of these drinks varied among students of different faculties, with medical students being more likely to recognize the potential risks. By age category, young people drink much more often than other respondents; it was also noted that women rarely resort to drinking energy drinks than men. In addition, links have been found between the consumption of energy drinks and dental status: students who drink energy drinks are more likely to experience problems with caries and the need for tooth extraction, which may indicate a negative impact of these drinks on health.

텔레비전 광고에 담긴 담화·사회문화적 수행 분석 - ‘박카스’ 광고 속 부부 역할의 이데올로기 변화를 중심으로 -

This study focused on the ideological change of marital roles by analyzing the verbal and nonverbal expressions of marital role characters during television advertisements aired from the 1960s to the present of Bacchus(박카스), a nutrient tonic drink that has been loved for a long time all over the country. The purpose of this study is to interpret ideological messages implied in addition to targeted advertising language messages as cultural symbols to identify the linguistic and cultural values implied by advertising language messages. It is also meaningful to examine the function of performing advertising functional language messages and socio-cultural messages through verbal and non-verbal expressions of television advertisements. As a result of the analysis, the long-time familiar product image and the product'ssymbolic television advertising function laid the foundation for the semiotic analysis structure of meaningful advertising language that performed an integrated language message function beyond simply allowing consumers to consume products.

Corpus-based Technologies in the Translation Study of Tonic Drink Advertisements: An Algorithm of Analysis Procedure

The study is aimed at the procedure used for the analysis of English-language advertising texts for tonic drinks and the peculiarities of their reproduction in Ukrainian using a corpus-based approach. For the research material, 500 advertising texts for the same products of the specified group were selected in English and Ukrainian, since the material of any study involving corpus-based technologies should be chronological and thematically homogeneous. The proposed analysis algorithm involves a number of sequential steps. Firstly, to ensure a multi-channel method of collecting material. Secondly, the creation of a research parallel corpus of English-language advertising texts for tonic drinks and their translations into Ukrainian using the InterText Editor program. Third, the annotation of corpus from the perspective of its composition and lexical and semantic structure, i.e., the compositional components of advertising texts, their obligatory and variable structural elements, as well as speech figures of expression and nationally marked vocabulary were identified with the help of special tags. Fourthly, using corpus managers AntConc, Textanz, and MS Excel, determination of general quantitative characteristics of the corpus and subcorpora, compilation of frequency lists of word usage, lemmatization, and calculation of partial-word distribution in the source and target text sets and structural elements of advertising messages. Fifthly, conducting a systematic inventory of the units under study, explaining the peculiarities of their formation and functioning, and characterizing the verbal content of advertising texts. Sixth, an analysis of the morphological, lexical, semantic, and syntactic levels of the language of tonic drink advertisements in the source and translated texts, as well as stylistic devices peculiar to these texts. Seventh, a systematic consideration of the interaction of verbal, visual, and auditory components, since the transition from one system of signs to another is very important when adapting advertising messages created in one cultural environment to another culture.

ANALYSIS OF CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY DRINKS AMONG TEENS IN BUKHARA REGION

Today, energy drinks have become a popular bad habit. However, with the increase in production and circulation of tonic drinks, they have become widely consumed among teenagers. The main consumers are young people aged 18-35 years. The safety of using such drinks has not yet been determined, which requires further research. To date, many scientific works devoted to energy have been carried out and published. This problem does not lose popularity both among young people and among doctors, parents, and teachers. Scientific articles describe the composition of the most common energy drinks. This study showed that of the energy drinks, it is “BURN” that contains the largest amount of caffeine, and therefore requires greater caution in use. The negative impact of energy drinks on the human body has been proven by medicine, and people who consume energy drinks should be aware of the consequences of excessive consumption of them.

Determination of carbohydrate content in soft drinks. Methodological aspects and results of research using various methods

An important component of the programs to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and other chronic noncommunicable diseases is limiting the intake of added sugars. Information about the composition of the product and its nutritional value contained in the labeling contributes to the informed choice of consumers when forming a diet. On July 1, 2023, new provisions of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation came into force, providing for the imposition of an excise tax on "sugar-containing drinks" - soft drinks made with added sugar and containing carbohydrates in quantities of more than 5 g/100 ml. The stated goal of the new excise regulation is to reduce sugar consumption by the population. Currently, information on the carbohydrate content in soft drinks is provided by manufacturers based on calculated values according to the recipe, which makes it possible to take into account as much as possible all the carbohydrate components of the product. There is no standardized method for analytically assessing the carbohydrate content of soft drinks (including "sugar-sweetened beverages" for excise tax purposes). The purpose of the work was the comparative analysis of existing analytical methods for determining the content of sugars and carbohydrates in general in foods, including beverages; and determination of the most correct analytical approach to assessing the content of carbohydrates in soft drinks. Material and methods. The existing methods for determining sugars and carbohydrates in foods, including beverages, have been analyzed. The objects of research were samples of model aqueous solutions with different sugar concentrations (30 samples) and 17 samples of industrially produced soft drinks (including tonic and tonic energy drinks) made using sugar or sugars (glucose-fructose syrup), sweeteners, and a mixture of sugar and sweeteners. The total content of sugars/carbohydrates in beverages was determined: in accordance with MU 10-05031531-372-93 as the difference between the total dry matter content and the dry matter from acids; by the Bertrand method; by the Bertrand-Schorl method. The obtained values were compared with the calculated data specified in the labeling of consumer packaging of the products. Results. The determination of sugars in model solutions showed sufficient accuracy of the Bertrand-Schorl method: deviations of the obtained values from the amount of sugars added to the model solution were observed only at their high concentration (over 10 g/100 ml) and amounted to ±0.1 g/100 ml. The carbohydrate content in industrial soft drinks estimated by various methods differed slightly from that indicated in the labeling (obtained by calculation). The differences were at the level from - 0.2 to +0.4 g/100 ml when using the method from MU 10-05031531-372-93, at the level from -2.6 to +0.8 g/100 ml when using the Bertrand method and at the level from -2.7 to +0.1 g/100 ml when using the Bertrand-Schorl method. The greatest differences were observed for tonic drinks (including energy drinks) - from -2.7 to +0.3 g /100 ml, depending on the method. Conclusion. The research data showed that the Bertrand-Schorl method can be used as a basis for developing a state standard for determining the total sugar content in soft drinks and for assessing their carbohydrate content in general. At the same time, the method needs to be refined for tonic drinks. At present, the most acceptable method is to assess the carbohydrate content using the analytical method given in MU 10-05031531-372-93, but it should be taken into account that deviations from the carbohydrate content values determined by this method from the values obtained by calculation can be up to +10%. At the same time, the calculation method for determining the carbohydrate content in drinks remains a priority, including for the purposes of excise regulation.

Review of studies on the effect of non-alcoholic tonic drinks on the health of children and adolescents conducted in the period from 2015 to 2023

The article provides information about energy drinks, the composition and properties of substances that make up energy drinks, their effect on the body. Cases of negative impact on the health of adolescents are described. The analysis of the results of scientific research conducted in Russia and abroad in the period from 2015 to 2023, and presented in domestic and foreign scientific publications, which address a wide range of problems related to the influence of energy tonics on the body: their impact on the health and adaptive potential of young people, the impact of consuming a large number of energy drinks on the parameters electrocardiograms and blood pressure, the effect of energy drinks on the health of medical students, the effect of energy drinks on the concentration of students’ attention, including studies conducted on animals.

Mariani wine: What's really in it? Analysis of the most popular tonic drink of the 19th century after 100 years of storage

During the Belle Epoque, the use of cocaine, well known to the South American populations, spread among the European elite in the form of a tonic drink created from coca leaves macerated in Bordeaux wine, the Mariani wine. Nowadays, bottles in circulation are extremely rare but the investigations of a Parisian historian led him to the discovery of a bottle of wine that belonged to Angelo Mariani's estate at the end of the 19th century. Our laboratory was asked to analyse the contents of the bottle in order to search for the main active compounds and to estimate the state of preservation. The analysis of the centenarian product collected was aimed at identifying the alcohols and solvents by HS-GC/FID and HS-GC/MS after dilution in water, and the main alkaloids contained in all the samples by LC-HRMS screening and LC-MS/MS quantification. The Mariani wine presented an alcohol content of 15.7°. The screening and the subsequent dosage revealed the following substances: cocaine (86 ng/mL), benzoylecgonine (383 ng/mL), cocaethylene (17 ng/mL), ecgonine methyl ester (130 ng/mL), caffeine, cuscohygrine, cinnamoylcocaine and synephrine. The alkaloids found in the Mariani wine confirm the real presence of coca leaves in this drink. Their low concentrations may indicate drug instability. The presence of cocaethylene demonstrates that it can be formed without passing through the liver, which was supposed to be the site of production when cocaine and ethanol are present in the body at the same time. These appear to be the first report in the literature presenting the analysis of Mariani wine with the dosage of cocaine derivatives.

The physiological role of green tea catechins

Green tea is one of the most popular drinks consumed in the world. Important components contained in green tea and having antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties are catechins - organic substances belonging to the class of polyphenolic compounds. Green tea contains 4 main catechins: (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. This review summarizes the results of key studies, predominantly performed over the last 5 years, which provide evidence that catechins in green tea protect against ultraviolet radiation, can improve the quality of life of patients suffering from cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, viral, infectious diseases, obesity and a number of other pathologies, as well as serve as a measure for the prevention of these diseases in healthy individuals. The most potent catechin found in green tea has been shown to be (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. The anticarcinogenic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the case of prostate cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer are presented. The powerful antioxidant activity of catechins can form the basis for the prevention of the development of infectious and viral diseases, as well as improve the quality of life of patients with metabolic syndrome and obesity. Thus, green tea is not only a tonic drink, but also an important tool for the prevention and treatment of human diseases, in the pathogenesis of which free radical oxidation and oxidative stress play an important role. The areas of practical application of green tea catechins can be the treatment of malignant tumors (during a course of chemotherapy or radiation therapy), the treatment of viral, infectious and cardiovascular diseases, skin protection from ultraviolet rays, etc.

A REVIEW OF SUNGKAI (PERONEMA CANESCENS): TRADITIONAL USAGE, PHYTOCONSTITUENT, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

This article review aims to evaluate the traditional usage, phytoconstituent, and pharmacological activities of Peronema canescens (PC) published between 1994 to 2021 and suggest directions for further in-depth research of PC as a medicinal resource. A literature review used relevant keywords to collect primary and secondary scientific papers from popular media databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct. The search keywords for papers included Peronema canescens, traditional usage, phytoconstituent, pharmacological activity, in vitro, in vivo, combined, or separated. Traditional usage of PC as medicine has been identified to treat various diseases such as toothache, malaria, fever, skin disorders, itching, bruising, and hypertension, as refreshing drinks, increasing stamina, and as food ingredients. Chemical constituents of PC were seven clerodane diterpenoid compounds, namely A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, and D1 peronemin. Five of them are furanyl groups. Secondary metabolites contained in PC extract were phenols, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, and saponins. In vitro, pharmacological activities of PC showed anti-plasmodium, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities, had non-toxic effects, and did not cause teratogenic effects. In vivo studies of PC showed that PC could use as an immune booster, antiparasitic, anti-hyperuricemic, anti-plasmodium, antidiabetic, and antipyretic. Many phytoconstituent and pharmacological reports indicated that PC was an essential medicinal herb resource, and some of its traditional uses, including the treatment of fever, antiparasitic, anti-hypertension, malaria, and tonic drink, have been partially confirmed through modern pharmacological studies. Diterpenoids were the main active constituents. However, these crude extracts and isolated chemicals of PC required additional research to identify the effects, optimal dosage, mechanisms of action, long-term safety, and potential side effects. In addition, clinical research was necessary to support the therapeutic potential of PC.

The Lure of the Tropics and the Colonial Emporium: The Study of Book Illustration and Newspaper Advertisement in Colonial North Borneo

This paper aims to study the relationship between colonialism, natives’ representations, and the promotion of Western products. An illustration from Agnes Newton Keith’s semi-autobiography, Land Below The Wind (1939), and an advertisement from a North Borneo newspaper, The British North Borneo Herald, are used as the corpus for this study. The illustration in Keith’s book illustrates a native woman, a Western man, and a tropical setting set in the colonial era. Meanwhile, the newspaper advertisement promotes a healthy tonic drink from a British brand, Wincarnis. The discussion on the aspect of colonialism, natives’ representations, and promotion of Western products is carried out with the semiotic analysis of the illustration and the advertisement using Kress and van Leeuwen’s framework of The Grammar of Visual Design (1996/2006). Elements such as symbolism and image positioning in the illustration and the advertisement are analysed to emphasise ‘the lure of the tropics.’ From the analysis of the corpus, it is found that Agnes Newton Keith, who is also the illustrator of the book, and the advertiser of the brand Wincarnis seem to promote the ideologies of imperialism and colonialism brought by the British Empire. However, the enticing and sexual messages in both illustration and advertisement make one questions the morality of the Empire itself.

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF BLACKBERRIES GROWING IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN AND THEIR DEPENDENCE ON THE SPECIES AND REGION OF GROWTH

The work shows the biological and nutritional value of Rubus, which grows in Azerbaijan. It was found that the highest content of sugars is the wild blackberry of the Rubus sanguineus Friv species (8.75±0.19%), while it contains little sucrose, glucose (from 3.10±0.12 to 4.87±0.16%) and fructose (from 3.08±0.28 to 3.40±0.09%) predominate. The content of the mass fraction of organic acids is greater in the species Rubus caucasicus forche (1.94±0.10%) than in the species Rubus caesius and Rubus sanguineus Friv (1.85±0.15 and 1.62±0.12%, respectively). The content of pectin substances in blackberries ranges from 0.26±0.01 to 0.30±0.04%, and the mass fraction of ash from 0.42±0.08 to 0.58±0.11%. In terms of vitamin C content, the species Rubus sanguineus Friv is superior (32.1±1.20 mg/100 g) to the species Rubus caesius and Rubus caucasicus forche (23.76±0.58 mg/100 g and 29.35±0.47 mg/100 g, respectively). In the polyphenol complex of blackberries of the species Rubus sanguineus Friv, Rubus caucasicus forche and Rubus caesius, catechins and anthocyanins are present with a clear predominance of the latter. The results of the studies show that the main indicators of the chemical composition of blackberries depend on the type of raw materials and on the soil-climatic and ecological-geographical conditions of the growing region. The biological and nutritional value of blackberries of various types allows us to consider them as an additional source of physiologically active substances and raw materials for the production of various soft drinks based on them, including tonic energy drinks.

Non-alcoholic carbonated tonic drink technology development from grape pomace

The article presents research non-alcoholic carbonated tonic drink technology development from grape pomace. It was found that Ancellotta grape pomace extraction optimal regime is 60-65 °C at least 2 hours. Pomace volume fraction in the drink should be 3%, phenols mass concentration – 200 mg/l, anthocyanin allows to get a product with a soft pink color – 10 mg/l. Drink’s sugars mass concentration is 60 g/l, titrating acids – 3 g/l.

Sleep-related behavior as a factor of anxiety and depression: Mediating role of sleep quality

IntroductionAlthough sleep hygiene is a well-studied factor of good sleep (Irish et al., 2015, McNail et al., 2016), less is known about its role in the complaints on anxiety and depression (wither direct or through sleep quality).ObjectivesThe aim was to reveal direct and indirect effects of sleep behavior on subjective sleep quality, anxiety and depression.Methods174 people aged 17-57 without diagnosed sleep disorders filled the Scale of Behavioral Factors of Sleep Disturbances (Rasskazova, Leonov, 2020), Insomnia Severity Index (Morin, 1993), Hospital Scale of Anxiety and Depression (Zingmond, Snaith, 1983), Beck’s Anxiety and Depression Inventories (Beck, Steer, 1993, Beck et al., 1996).ResultsTaking medications and non-medications before sleep, alcohol, tonic drinks and using gadgets in the evening, delaying bedtime, self-limitations after poor nights, poor adherence to the regimen and postponement of the morning rise were characterized by an indirect effect on anxiety and depressiveness through poor sleep (|β|=0,03-0,24). Self-limiting behavior and delaying the morning rise are associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, even in the absence of sleep-related complaints (β=0,23-0,34, p<0,01).ConclusionsBased on the data we suggest that the dysfunctional role of behavior on anxiety and depression is predominantly indirect (through the perpetuation of complaints), but it can also be direct (regardless of complaints of sleep disorders). Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00740.Conflict of interestResearch is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00740.

Pengembangan Produk Minuman Tonikum Kulit Kayu Akway (Drymis piperita): Prospek Penambah Stamina Tubuh Secara In Vivo

Akway bark (Drymis piperita) from Papua is widely used by local people in Arfak Mountains of West Papua to increase stamina. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical quality and tonic effects of Akway bark (bark tonic drink D. piperita) on mice (Mus musculus). The swimming resistance used to determine the tonic effect of mice (24 individuals) which divided into 6 groups. Group I was given water, group II tonic drink base, group III as positive control of 50 mg caffeine energy drinks, groups IV, V, and VI were given bark tonic drink 10mg /kg body weight, 30 mg/kg body weight, and 50mg /kg body weight respectively. The total period swimming until fatigue was measured and used as an index of swimming capacity. The results of  physical quality of the Akway bark tonic drink has a sweet and sour taste, with clear dark brown color, had distinctive aroma with pH of 4, and its volume was 100 ml with solubility deposits on day 21. The results of pre-clinical testing shown the highest dose was 50 mg/ weight swimming time 9.28 minutes and having better stamina. The next was with dose of 30 mg/kgBW, swimming for for 6.01 minutes and the last was dose of 10 mg /kgBW swimming for 3.23 minutes. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that it was significantly different between the 10 mg/kgBW, 30 mg/kgBW and 50 mg/kgBW groups. Key words: drink; D. piperita tonic; effect; mice; Papua.Â

Innovative whey based tonic drink with the plant components

The article discusses the relevance of the development of fermented whey beverages with the addition of plant components. The relevance of the study is confirmed by literature sources that indicate the possibility of obtaining such beverages with high consumer properties and high nutritional value from secondary raw materials of the dairy industry. At the first stage of determining the effectiveness of fermentation, the production of prototypes was carried out using lactobraying yeast in various quantities: prototype 1 contained 0.1% lactobraying yeast, prototype 2 – 0.5%, and prototype 3 – 0.9%. At the second stage, for further formation of the optimal taste and functional formulation, experimental samples were made with the addition of various amounts of plant functional components – currant syrup. During the experiment, the following prototypes were developed: sample 4 – with the addition of currant syrup in an amount of 1%; sample 5 – with 3%, sample 6 – with 5%. The data obtained as a result of the experiment confirm the adequacy of the developed formulation and technology of fermented whey based tonic with the addition of plant components and prove its functionality. The developed whey based tonic is a good addition to the diet, has a low calorie content, high nutritional value, has a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore its use will have a positive impact on human health.

Анализ текущего состояния мирового общественного здоровья в целях актуализации прогнозирования развития рынка лечебно-оздоровительного туризма

The first half of this century will undoubtedly be a turning point in a new understanding of the problems of interdependence of non-infectious human pathology and infectious diseases, the image and quality of life of the individual and society as a whole, the system of organization of medical care to the population. For a fairly short time by historical standards, the priority for the population of developed countries was the consumer type of behavior, including in relation to their own health, when the “fashion” for certain diets, forms of leisure, lifestyle appeared and disappeared (including tourism is often with a disdainful attitude of travelers to possible consequences for their own health)– and all this against a relatively prosperous epidemiological background in conditions of unsystematic consumption of information, the growing need to stimulate physical strength and psychological state with pharmacological drugs, non-alcoholic tonic drinks, new forms of tobacco smoking and other harmful methods. However, due to the global incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) The World Health Organization (WHO) and national States have reconfigured medical care systems to high-tech personalized medicine without taking into account epidemiological risks, with the exception of alertness about infections associated with the provision of medical care to patients. Predictors of a sudden exacerbation of the epidemiological situation in the national and global scientific and practical health agenda remained, as a rule, mainly in the discussion field of specialists in the field of infectious diseases — infectious disease specialists, epidemiologists, bacteriologists, molecular biologists. The sudden and rapidly spreading coronavirus infection COVID-19 with a rapid transition to a pandemic forced us to reconsider priorities in the personal and public life of the inhabitants of the planet, in the organization of medical and sanitary services, in the relationship between man and the state, as well as radically modify and transform the market of health tourism. The formation of a forecast regarding the future contours, development trends and the content of health tourism is an urgent task in connection with the unprecedented pressure of the pandemic on public health, on the tourist market in general and on its individual types and directions associated with medicine, in particular.

STRESS-PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS INFUSION OF FERMENTED LEAVES CHAMAENERION AN-GUSTIFOLIUM (L.) SCOP.

The stress-protective effect of an aqueous infusion of fermented leaves of flowering plants of Сhamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., (Onagraceae) collected in the middle taiga zone of the European North-East of Russia (near Syktyvkar), in experiments on white laboratory mice under acute stress has been studied. As a model of acute stress, the hanging of animals by the neck fold for 19 hours was used. Water infusion (1 : 20) was administered to each animal 0.5 and 1.0 ml for five days per os. It was found that the prophylactic administration of water infusion of fermented leaves in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 ml lead to normalizing effect on the mass of internal organs and peripheral blood parameters that have sharp pathological deviations under stress. The content of ascorbic acid and cholesterol in the adrenal glands and malonic dialdehyde in the liver of animals receiving infusion, approached the corresponding values in intact animals, which indicates the protective and antioxidant effects. With the introduction of sodium nitroprusside (25 mg/kg) and ethanol (25% solution, 9g/kg) a pronounced antihypoxic and antitoxic effects were found, which are typical for such well-known adaptogenic plants as ginseng and eleutherococcus. Due to data obtained, the raw material of fermented leaves of Сhamaenerion angustifolium could be considered as adaptogenic remedy that increases the overall non-specific resistance of the body and recommended not only as a tonic tea drink, but also for wider use in functional nutrition and medicine for the prevention and treatment of stress-induced and age-dependent diseases.

Restriction of Constitutional Rights and Freedoms by the Law of the Constituent Entitity of the Russian Federation when Regulating the Sale of Non-Alcoholic Tonic Drinks

A common practice of imposing various prohibitions and rules in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, owing to the need to solve acute social problems and achieve constitutionally significant goals, draws attention to the problem of restricting by the law of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation fundamental rights and freedoms of the man and citizen. Using the regulation of retail sale of non-alcoholic toning drinks as a case-study, the paper discusses the relevant legislative work, court practice, conditions and content of imposed restrictions. The laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation provide for prohibitions imposed on the sale of non-alcoholic tonic drinks to minors, retail trade in educational and medical organizations, as well as in places holding activities with the participation of young people and the consumption of such drinks by minors in public places. Attempts have been made to adopt a federal law with similar content, but taking into account the negative attitude of the Government of the Russian Federation and arguments concerning the absence of unambiguous scientific data with regard to the harm caused by ”energy” drinks, the State Duma rejected four draft laws. The regional laws’ analysis is carried out in the context of delineation of jurisdictions and powers between federal bodies of state power, sectoral legislative regulation and provisions consolidated in Part 3 Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Restrictions on the sale of “energy” drinks are considered within the framework of the content of the legislation regulating the protection of rights of the child, civil legislation and other legal acts, as well as legal stances of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The paper has revealed uncertainty in the interpretation of the constitutional provision restricting human rights and freedoms by the federal law, which leads to contradictions in court practice.

FUNCTIONAL TONIC DRINK MADE FROM NATURAL RAW MATERIALS

As a result of the research, the recipe and technology for obtaining a functional tonic drink containing narrowleaved cypress leaves, buckthorn sea buckthorn fruits, Jerusalem artichoke tubers and licorice roots were developed for the first time. Created the product possesses curative-prophylactic and dietetic properties.

Characteristics of anthropometric indicators and eating behavior of pregnant women with obesity

The paper presents the characteristics of anthropometric indicators and assessment of eating behavior of pregnant women with obesity. 213 pregnant women with abdominal obesity diagnosed before pregnancy (main group) were monitored. The control group consisted of 80 women who had a normal body mass index before pregnancy. When analyzing the differences in anthropometric indicators between the studied groups of pregnant women, statistically significant differences in the parameters of weight, BMI, OT/O ratio were revealed. The average BMI in pregnant women of the main group was 39,5 ± 0,57 kg/m2, which was 1,6 times higher than in women of the control group. In pregnant women with obesity, the ratio of OT/OB corresponded to 0,90 ± 0,004, which significantly exceeded the value of this indicator in women of the control group. Weight gain after the first pregnancy was indicated by 80 (37,5%) women of the main and 38 (47,5%) — control group. Evaluation of the eating behavior of obese patients showed that the nature of nutrition in almost half (48,0%) of obese women was irrational and excessive (3,8% in the control group), and 12,8% of patients abused various tonic drinks. Obese women are undoubtedly at high risk for developing complications during pregnancy.