During the 2010 influenza season, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) reviewed adverse event (AE) signals of febrile convulsions in children following the administration of the seasonal Fluvax® trivalent vaccine. These AEs were attributed to nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-κB) activation. In response, the TGA developed a method to detect NF-κB activation by vaccine samples. Complementary Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)-expressing reporter cell lines THP1-Blue and Ramos-Blue enabled detection of TLR1-9 activation using the QUANTI-Blue™ system following incubation with a panel of TLR agonists, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), or vaccine sample. Using TNF-α as a positive control and specific Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, specificity was confirmed for each cell line based on extracellular (THP1-Blue) or endosomal (Ramos-Blue) TLR expression. Agonists for each cell line demonstrated linearity within the working range, met precision criteria for repeatability and precision. The assay tested viral protein, messenger RNA (mRNA), and bacterial protein vaccines, met accuracy parameter of 80-120 % recovery of spiked controls. We established and validated a robust, sensitive and reliable analytical approach for detecting possible NF-κB activation by bioactive components in vaccines. This assay enables manufacturers and regulators to meet the growing demand for reliable impurity screening assays that support the characterization of vaccines activating the NF-κB pathway. Future studies must further characterise NF-κB activation by individual TLRs across a broader range of vaccines.

Characteristics comparison and functional analysis of TLR5S in two mandarin fish species (Siniperca scherzeri and Siniperca chuatsi).

Chemical identification of the Viola phillipina extracts and their anti-acne activity: A comparison with isotretinoin and salicylic acid.

Pharmacological inhibition of transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) prevents chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).

Gut microbiota-mediated metabolic dysregulation in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: emerging therapeutic targets beyond glycaemic control.

A Sepsis-Informed Model of Accelerated Aging.

Mechanistic profiling of oxidative stress, cytokine responses, and NF-κB/TLR4 signaling induced by biomass-derived particulate organic extracts in a human lung epithelial-macrophage co-culture model.

SLAMF1 at the crossroads of immunity and disease: Biology, pathology, and therapeutic opportunities.

Daidzein attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via HMGB1-TLR4 signaling pathway.

Design, synthesis and immunological evaluation of novel monosaccharide TLR4 agonists.

Rolling circle amplification-based self-assembled CpG nanoparticles: Immune activation and prevention of Edwardsiella piscicida.

Ezetimibe counteracts lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice via modulating TLR4-mediated MYD88/TRAF-6/NF-kB signaling pathway.

Immune-relevant transcripts of the mollusc Succinea putris (Gastropoda, Pulmonata).

CAP2 promotes skin cutaneous melanoma progression by targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

CEACAM1 regulates autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma through the PPAR signaling pathway.

Core fucose: Molecular targets and functions in inflammatory signaling pathways.

Targeting P2X7 receptor/NLRP1 inflammasome axis and gut dysbiosis: A mechanistic review of pyroptosis in metabolic inflammation.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated systemic inflammatory response accounts for the LPS pathogenicity in multi organs as lung and testis. LPS could cause a dysregulation of host response to infection, which may lead to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Accordingly, in our study, the probable protective impact of capmatinib against the LPS-induced acute inflammatory response was explored and the possible causal mechanisms were examined. Male Albino mice were pretreated with capmatinib (5 or 10 mg/kg, daily, orally) for 3 days then received single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) at day three. Capmatinib administration amended lung and testicular dysfunction as manifested by improved histopathological results and restored oxidant/antioxidant balance. Capmatinib effectively down-regulated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PERK/PI3K) signaling pathway concomitant with toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) inflammatory pathway mitigation besides caspase-1/gasdermin D (GSDMD)-N-terminal pathway inhibition. Collectively, the current study emphasized that capmatinib had potential protective effect against LPS-induced pulmonary and testicular injury.

In silico design of a VacA-Based Multi-Epitope subunit vaccine candidate for immunoprotection against Helicobacter pylori.

The emerging regulatory roles of non-coding RNA in Ventilator-induced Lung Injury.