Graceful Degradation Research Articles

An overview of the Legio fault resilience framework for MPI applications

While the computational power of HPC clusters breached through the exascale milestone, it highlighted the need for some critical features like fault management. The current de facto standard for inter-process communication at scale, MPI, lacks proper fault management functionalities, precluding result production in the presence of faults. Many efforts have already addressed the problem, with the ULFM extension and Reinit proposal being the two works receiving the most attention. While powerful and effective, they require expertise from the user and significantly impact the application code. For this reason, we presented the Legio fault resilience framework, which can introduce graceful degradation properties in MPI applications with minimal changes. This work summarises the development and evolution of Legio, highlighting successful use cases and providing some tips for users who want to leverage it for their executions.

Enhanced ACO in clustering algorithm for QoS in WSN enabled IoT

Various sensor nodes whose deployment is done in a random way are included in Wireless sensor networks (WSN) within a region for gathering the information out of the respective atmospheres as well as forwards it towards the Base Station (BS). Constrained sources of energy are allotted to the WSN nodes. The consumption of energy of nodes must be reduced for obtaining the enhanced lifetime of the network. Clustering is referred as a technique that reduced the consumption of energy in WSNs. By transmitting the gathered data to the sink through the Cluster Head (CH) nodes located within the clustered networks, the energy of the node can be saved. In WSNs, fault tolerance is a significant issue to consider. The entire data communication system can be rendered inoperable by the failure of just one cluster head. Within the scope of this research, a cluster-based routing method with fault tolerance is provided. The purpose of this study is to present an innovative technique for increasing tolerance of failure and data accumulation in clustered WSN by making use of backup CHs and improving the relay node selection mechanism by modifying ACO. The selection of the backup cluster head is what allows for fault tolerance in this case (BKCH). The method can be broken down into two distinct stages. In the first step, the network is categorized into clusters; in the second step, CHs and BCHs are chosen from the pool of candidates. Communication within the cluster takes place between the member nodes and the CH nodes. Aggregator nodes (AG) are utilised for the purpose of inter-cluster communication, and the modified ACO is utilised to determine which node serves as the most effective relay between CH and AG. When compared with other energy-conserving protocols, this technique uses less energy while increasing fault resilience and PDR.

체육전공 대학생의 교수-학생 상호작용과 실패내성이 학업긍정정서에 미치는 영향

체육전공 대학생의 교수-학생 상호작용과 실패내성이 학업긍정정서에 미치는 영향

Venture capital and corporate financialization: Evidence from China

We examine whether and how venture capital investors (VCs) affect corporate financialization in post-IPO stages using China’s A-share non-financial listed firms from 2007 to 2019. We find that the presence of VCs reduces the level of corporate financialization. The negative relationship is more pronounced in VCs with private ownership and portfolio firms with poor corporate governance. Further evidence shows that the negative effect of VCs on corporate financialization is driven by VCs through stronger corporate governance engagement, indicating a monitoring channel. We also find that VCs exhibit a high level of failure tolerance and innovation promotion by decreasing the sensitivity of CEO turnover to compensation performance, and promoting R&D investment in firms with a stronger arbitrage incentive, suggesting another innovation channel.

Overcoming Obstacles: The Legacy of Fidel Pagés, Founder of the Epidural, 100 Years After His Passing.

Fidel Pagés, a Spanish surgeon, tragically died in 1923 at the age of 37, just 2 years after his publication "Anestesia Metamérica," the first description of human thoracolumbar epidural anesthesia. In the intervening 100 years, epidural anesthesia has faced countless obstacles, starting with the dissemination of his initial report, which was not widely read nor appreciated at the time. However, the merits of the technique have fueled innovations to meet these challenges over the years. Even today, while epidural anesthesia is widely embraced, particularly in obstetric and chronic pain medicine, the pressures of the operating room for efficiency and a low tolerance for failure, pose modern-day challenges. Here, we revisit Pagés' original report and highlight the key innovations that have allowed for the evolution of this essential anesthesia technique.

보육교사의 교수효능감과 소진 및 실패내성의 관계

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of childcare teachers' teaching efficacy, burnout and failure tolerance. To do this, data was collected through surveys targeting childcare teachers in the Seoul area, and a total of 419 questionnaires was used in the final analyses. Data was analyzed by using the SPSS 21 program. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed. The results are as follows: Firstly, it was found that as childcare teachers' teaching-efficacy increased, burnout decreased, and failure tolerance increased. Secondly, sub-factors of teaching-efficacy had a negative impact on sub-factors of burnout and a positive impact on sub-factors of failure tolerance. These research findings intend to provide fundamental data that can assist in increasing teaching-efficacy.

아동기 학업스트레스가 학업적 실패내성에 미치는 영향

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of childhood academic stress on academic failure tolerance, and to examine the moderating effect of father-child attachment in this relationship.
 Methods: We analyzed the data of 1,145 children who participated in the 12th wave survey for the Korean Children’s Panel Study, which was established by the Childcare Policy Research Institute. Using Process macro (Hayes, 2013), multiple regression analysis was conducted. Results: Childhood academic stress showed a negative impact on academic failure tolerance. In addition, the moderating effect of father-child attachment was found. The regression lines for each group classified according to the level of father-child attachment showed different slopes, indicating the higher the attachment, the smaller negative effect of academic stress. Conclusions: The results confirm a moderating effect of father-child attachment, which mitigates the negative impact of childhood academic stress on academic failure tolerance. Based on the results of this study, policy and practical implications for promoting father-child attachment formation are discussed.

Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and Tourism Firms' Survival in the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: A Case Study of Daklak Province, Vietnam

Purpose: This paper aims to analyze the entrepreneurial situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on firms in the tourism sector. Specifically, we seek to identify factors that belong to the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (EE) of Dak Lak province, supporting entrepreneurial firms' survival during the COVID-19 pandemic. Theoretical framework: We applied the EE model developed by Isenberg (2011) to the province of Dak Lak, where we analyzed the effects of EE on the ability of new businesses in the community-based tourism sector to withstand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: We conducted a survey of 206 entrepreneurs, of whom 108 are entrepreneurs in the tourism sector or communities-based tourist destinations. These surveyed entrepreneurs participated in two startup contests the Dak Lak Province organized in 2018 and 2020. Findings: It was found that the COVID-19 pandemic particularly devastated small businesses in the travel and tourism sector. In addition, only two components of EE provide relief to these companies: FINANCE and CULTURE. Without a doubt, microcredit, loans, and debt refinancing funds, as well as the general liquidity of the financial market, help young businesses stay afloat. Additionally, the community's culture of risk-taking, failure acceptance, success-seeking, and lofty aspirations underpins their attempt to keep the business afloat during difficult times. Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggested that Dak Lak province develop its EE by upgrading its elements as soon as possible to cope with future crises. Originality/value: This study gives a new direction on the specific approach to improve the EE of a province of Vietnam and shows ways for better performance of the EE. Conclusion: We found that FINANCE and CULTURE components play a positive role in assisting early-stage tourism firms. Specifically, the availability and accessibility of the financial market, including micro-credit, support entrepreneurial firms in maintaining their operation. In addition, the culture of tolerance of risks and failure, efforts for success, and high ambition is the basis for the action of entrepreneurs to continue their businesses.

Small but salient: Minority shareholders’ innovation attention in interactive online platforms and corporate innovation

We examine the impact of minority shareholders’ innovation attention on corporate innovation. The catering hypothesis suggests that firms cater to minority shareholders by increasing only innovation quantity. The monitoring hypothesis argues that innovation attention has monitoring effect and thus motivates managers to pursue both innovation quantity and quality. Using a large sample of Chinese firms and minority shareholder postings on two official interactive online platforms, we document that innovation attention positively impacts innovation quantity and quality. The findings support the monitoring hypothesis. Our findings are robust to alternative innovation metrics and innovation attention, and after accounting for endogeneity. Additional analyses suggest that: (1) the effect is more salient for firms with more dispersed ownership concentration, higher innovation pressure, and greater degree of information asymmetry, (2) lowered agency cost due to minority shareholder attention is the transmission channel for the results, and (3) conditional on a firm’s performance, a high innovation attention from minority shareholders reduces the CEO turnover-performance sensitivity and stock turnover, which is consistent with the notion that minority shareholders’ innovation questions help raise the innovation failure tolerance to drive more innovation quantity and quality.

Ultra-high temperature microstructural changes of SiC layers in TRISO particles

The SiC layer is the critical layer in the tristructural-isotropic (TRISO) fuel particle with the ability to sustain internal pressure and retain fission products. Further research into the failure mechanisms and tolerance limits of SiC layers at ultra-high temperatures is required. The microstructural evolution of the SiC layer in TRISO particles heat-treated at1800∼2500 °C in argon atmosphere is the focus of this paper. The results show that SiC decomposition and phase transition occur at temperatures above 2200 °C, causing TRISO particles to fail. At 2200 °C, significant decomposition of the SiC layer occurred, resulting in an increase in carbon content on the surface and the appearance of pores. The decomposition reaction of SiC became more complicated at higher temperatures, and the carbon with the graphene structure remained after decomposition. At temperatures above 2300 °C, the SiC phase changed from 3C to 6H, with an abnormal increase in grain size. This study establishes a database for the performance of SiC layers under operation or accident conditions and serves as a reference for future applications of TRISO particles in novel ultra-high temperature reactors.

Social cognition of humanoid robots on customer tolerance of service failure

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effects of the perceived warmth and competence of humanoid robots on customer tolerance of service failure through the affective response and the boundary condition of relationship norms.Design/methodology/approachTwo experimental studies were conducted to investigate the effects of perceived warmth and competence of humanoid robots’ physical appearances on tolerance of service failure and the mediating role of anger. The boundary influence of relationship norms is also explored.FindingsThe results reveal that the perception of warmth (vs. competence) robot leads to less (more) anger, which significantly results in tolerance of service failure. However, customer tolerance is insignificant under exchange norms, as the undelivered service violates the expectations of both warm and competent robots.Practical implicationsThis study provides practical guidance for hospitality managers to implement humanoid robots in a way that minimizes the negative outcomes of service failure. Managers should also think about the appropriate match of different types of humanoid robots and relationship norms in which robots will be deployed.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the tolerance literature by taking a social cognition perspective to investigate the effect of humanoid robots’ physical appearances on customers’ reactions to service failure. The findings also reveal that its affective mechanism lies in the effect of expectancy violations of service failure on tolerance. Furthermore, this study extends the literature on relationship norms to the influence of company factors on effective humanoid robot implementation.

The informational role of analyst coverage on firm innovation: evidence from China

ABSTRACT We examine the effect of financial analysts’ informational and monitoring roles on firm innovation in the developing Chinese market. The findings demonstrate that analyst coverage has a positive influence on the number of corporate patent and invention applications. Causality is established by using an instrumental variable, and is reinforced by implementing a regression-discontinuity design (RDD) based on index reconstitutions and a difference-in-difference (DiD) analysis using the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program as a plausible exogenous shock. Further, the positive effects are more pronounced for firms with severer financial constraints, higher information asymmetry, lower tolerance for failure among investors, and lower institutional ownership. These findings indicate that the informational role of financial analysts is more salient than their monitoring role in the context of developing markets.

Venture capital shareholding, tolerance for technological innovation failure, and technological innovation performance: evidence from China

ABSTRACT This paper studies the impact of venture capital’s tolerance for technological innovation failure on invested companies’ technological innovation performance using Chinese data. The results show that the higher venture capital’s tolerance for technological innovation failure, the better the performance of the company’s technological innovation. The heterogeneity of venture capital is further examined. We find venture capitals that invest jointly, with foreign-funded or governmental backgrounds can positively regulate the effect of tolerance on performance. However, in industries where innovation is of high difficulty, participation of government venture capital inhibits this effect. Our conclusions provide enlightenment for improving companies’ technological innovation performance.

When frontline robots emerge: the double-edged-sword effect of anticipated trust on intention to switch brands after service failure

PurposeThis research aims to investigate the influence of consumers' anticipated trust in service providers on brand switching intention and its underlying psychological mechanism. More importantly, this study explores the moderating role of type of service providers (human staff/humanoid robots/nonhumanoid robots).Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted two single-factor between-subjects experimental designs and tested the hypotheses in two typical service failure scenarios: Study 1, a hotel scenario (N = 403); and Study 2, a restaurant scenario (N = 323).FindingsThe results suggest that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between consumers' anticipated trust and tolerance of service failure and that such tolerance has a mediating effect on the relationship between anticipated trust and brand switching intention. Moreover, when service failure is caused by a humanoid service robot, a moderate anticipated trust level of consumers is most conducive to increasing tolerance, which in turn reduces their propensity to switch brands.Originality/valueThis study examines the nature of the relationship between anticipated trust and tolerance in a service failure context, revealing an inverted U-shaped relationship. More importantly, the boundary conditions under which different service provides have an influence on this relationship are incorporated. Finally, this study explores the influence of service failure tolerance on brand switching intentions in a technological context, enriching consumer–brand relationship research.

Exposure to Brand Experience and Tolerance for Failure in Retail Halal Brand Belief: From the Perspective of the “Payung Rahmah Program"

This study attempt to decipher the pattern of effects consisting of brand experience (BE), tolerance of failure (TOF) and brand belief (BB) on retail halal brands. It measures BE as a separate construct and to test whether BE can be a determinant of BB and this relationship can be mediated by TOF. The data was collected from three different supermarkets in Klang Valley in context of retail halal brand buying (N = 720) and analysed through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results indicated that BE can be primary determinant of BB and the relationship between the two is mediated by TOF. The results of this study will help retailers for proactive strategies to take advantage of the “Payung Rahmah” program.

A conceptual framework of barriers to data science implementation: a practitioners' guideline

PurposeThe study explores the potential barriers to data science (DS) implementation in organizations and identifies the key barriers. The identified barriers were explored for their interconnectedness and characteristics. This study aims to help organizations formulate apt DS strategies by providing a close-to-reality DS implementation framework of barriers, in conjunction with extant literature and practitioners' viewpoints.Design/methodology/approachThe authors synthesized 100 distinct barriers through systematic literature review (SLR) under the individual, organizational and governmental taxonomies. In discussions with 48 industry experts through semi-structured interviews, 14 key barriers were identified. The selected barriers were explored for their pair-wise relationships using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and fuzzy Matriced’ Impacts Croise's Multiplication Appliquée a UN Classement (MICMAC) analyses in formulating the hierarchical framework.FindingsThe lack of awareness and data-related challenges are identified as the most prominent barriers, followed by non-alignment with organizational strategy, lack of competency with vendors and premature governmental arrangements, and classified as independent variables. The non-commitment of top-management team (TMT), significant investment costs, lack of swiftness in change management and a low tolerance for complexity and initial failures are recognized as the linkage variables. Employee reluctance, mid-level managerial resistance, a dearth of adequate skills and knowledge and working in silos depend on the rest of the identified barriers. The perceived threat to society is classified as the autonomous variable.Originality/valueThe study augments theoretical understanding from the literature with the practical viewpoints of industry experts in enhancing the knowledge of the DS ecosystem. The research offers organizations a generic framework to combat hindrances to DS initiatives strategically.

Exploring individual character traits and behaviours of clinical academic allied health professionals: a qualitative study

BackgroundClinical academic allied health professionals can positively impact patient care, organisational performance, and local research culture. Despite a previous national drive to increase these roles, they remain low in number with no clear strategy for growth. Reported barriers to this growth cite organisational and economic factors with little recognition of the challenges posed to individuals. There is a lack of research to help allied health professionals understand the personal challenges of clinical academic training and practice. The aim of this study is to explore the character traits and behaviours of clinical academic allied health professionals to understand the individual attributes and strategies taken to pursue a career in this field.MethodsA semi-structured interview study design was used to collect data from aspiring and established clinical academic allied health professionals. Participants were recruited voluntarily through social media advertisement (aspiring) and purposively through direct email invitation (established). Participants were asked about their experience of pursuing a clinical academic career. The interviews were conducted virtually using Zoom and were audio recorded. The data were transcribed verbatim prior to reflexive thematic analysis. Informed consent was gained prior to data collection and the study was approved by the university’s research ethics committee.ResultsTwenty participants from six allied health professions were interviewed. We developed five themes: risk and reward, don’t wait to be invited, shifting motivations, research is a team sport, and staying the course. Clinical academic allied health professionals demonstrated traits including inquisitiveness, intuition, motivation, and resilience. The source of their motivation was rooted in improving clinical services, conducting research, and personal achievement.ConclusionClinical academic allied health professionals describe personal traits of high inquisitiveness, opportunism, motivation, and determination in pursuing their career ambitions. The tolerance of rejection, failure, and risk was considered important and viewed as an essential source for learning and professional development. Future research should concentrate on ways to reduce the over-reliance on individual strength of character to succeed in this field and explore programmes to increase the preparedness and support for clinical academics from these professions.

Anthropomorphic framing and failure comprehensibility influence different facets of trust towards industrial robots.

Introduction: Utilizing anthropomorphic features in industrial robots is a prevalent strategy aimed at enhancing their perception as collaborative team partners and promoting increased tolerance for failures. Nevertheless, recent research highlights the presence of potential drawbacks associated with this approach. It is still widely unknown, how anthropomorphic framing influences the dynamics of trust especially, in context of different failure experiences. Method: The current laboratory study wanted to close this research gap. To do so, fifty-one participants interacted with a robot that was either anthropomorphically or technically framed. In addition, each robot produced either a comprehensible or an incomprehensible failure. Results: The analysis revealed no differences in general trust towards the technically and anthropomorphically framed robot. Nevertheless, the anthropomorphic robot was perceived as more transparent than the technical robot. Furthermore, the robot's purpose was perceived as more positive after experiencing a comprehensible failure. Discussion: The perceived higher transparency of anthropomorphically framed robots might be a double-edged sword, as the actual transparency did not differ between both conditions. In general, the results show that it is essential to consider trust multi-dimensionally, as a uni-dimensional approach which is often focused on performance might overshadow important facets of trust like transparency and purpose.

인지속도부진(SCT)성향 초기 청소년의 부모애착과 학교적응의 관계에서 자아정체감과 학업적 실패내성의 직렬다중매개효과

인지속도부진(SCT)성향 초기 청소년의 부모애착과 학교적응의 관계에서 자아정체감과 학업적 실패내성의 직렬다중매개효과

The importance of dissimilar redundancy for safety in future space vehicle design

As the human space flight industry continues to expand at a rapid pace, the inherent risks of space travel remain unchanged. An emerging property in this new era is the increased use of performance-based requirements to minimize risks in lieu of heritage prescriptive requirements. One element of this new approach is a movement toward reliability and risk calculations in place of prescriptive failure tolerance and dissimilar redundancy requirements.This paper examines this new trend through the lens of historical lessons learned that drove failure tolerance and dissimilar redundancy in past human spaceflight programs. An important historical case to examine is the use of dissimilar redundancy in the design for the Apollo missions. There are two standout examples in the Apollo mission architecture: the Lunar Module (LM) lifeboat contingency and the abort scenarios during LM Descent and Landing (DL). Through these two examples we can understand how dissimilar redundancy was achieved to mitigate the risk of loss of crew, and the penalties that came along with these design decisions. We then compare these examples with new ideas about redundancy and established practices in other industries, like commercial aviation.Finally, we evaluate how these trades made in aeronautics can inform the next generation of designs in astronautics and how future programs can evaluate the added complexity and mass impacts of redundancy with the safety advantages that redundancy brings to modern spaceflight designs.