Tobacco Control Education Research Articles

Prevalence, Reach of Anti-smokeless Tobacco Messages and Quit Attempts by Product Type: A Secondary Data Analysis from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS - 2016-17).

India has the highest number of smokeless tobacco (SLT) products available in different forms, consumed in various ways. The current study aimed to understand the pattern of daily SLT use according to different product categories and whether Quit intention and Quit attempts vary by SLT type and exposure to media messages. Data from Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (GATS), 2016-17, was used to find access to media messages and warning labels by SLT type. Quit attempt and Quit intention were calculated for each of the SLT types. Logistic regression analyses were employed to identify whether access to media messages, warning labels influenced, quit intention and attempts vary by SLT type. Khaini or tobacco lime mixture was the most common SLT type consumed by 37% of SLT users, whereas SLT users consuming more than one product accounted for 23% of SLT users. Exposure to media messages and warning labels was high among Gutkha/ paan masala tobacco users (74.7% and 81.2%) and low among oral tobacco (Mishri, Gul, Gudakhu) users (56.1% and 60.0%). Quit attempts and quit intention were high among Gutkha/ paan masala tobacco users (38.3% and 22.3%) and low among oral tobacco (Mishri, Gul, Gudakhu) users (25.3% and 13.6%). Users of Oral tobacco and khaini or tobacco-lime mixture were significantly less likely to attempt quitting (AOR 0.806(95%CI: 0.676-0.962), 0.839(95%CI: 0.736-0.956), and have quit intention (AOR 0.681(95%CI: 0.702-0.976), 0.733(95%CI: 0.627-0.857) compared to Gutkha/ paan masala with tobacco users. The reach of media messages and warning labels varies by SLT type. Quit intention and attempts vary by SLT type and access to media messages and warning labels. There is a need to re-strategise the tobacco control Information, Education and Communication (IEC) to reach out with effective messaging to the most unreached.

Prevalence and Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Tobacco Use Among Medical and Dental Students in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

Background Tobacco use remains a significant global public health concern, causing millions of preventable and premature deaths annually and imposing substantial economic burdens. India, the second-largest producer and consumer of tobacco products worldwide, bears a significant burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Medical and dental students represent the future healthcare workforce and role models; hence, their tobacco consumption and attitude would play a vital role in tobacco control. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding tobacco use among medical and dental students in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the Global Health Professional Students Survey (GHPSS) questionnaire. The study included third-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) and Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students from two private medical and two dental colleges in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Data were collected from February to April 2019 through anonymous self-administered questionnaires, and descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Results A total of 400 students were surveyed, with 16% reporting being current smokers (24.3% males, 8.7% females). Furthermore, 36.8% had tried cigarettes and other tobacco products. Nonsmokers demonstrated stronger support for comprehensive tobacco control policies, such as banning advertising and smoking in public places, compared to current smokers. Most students acknowledged the importance of recording tobacco use history and providing educational materials; however, only around 40% had received formal training on smoking cessation. Conclusion The findings highlight the need for targeted intervention among medical and dental students for tobacco cessation. It is vital to foster a positive attitude toward tobacco control among future healthcare professionals. Health professional institutions should take proactive steps to prevent tobacco use among students and develop initiatives to motivate successful cessation training. Investing in tobacco control education for healthcare professionals is crucial to empower them in tobacco cessation efforts and promote healthier societies.

Changes of campus tobacco control environment and the impact on tobacco control behaviors among secondary school personnel in Shanghai, China.

Youth smoking is a serious public health problem. Nevertheless, a rigorous tobacco-free environment within schools, combined with exemplary tobacco control behavior among school personnel can effectively contribute to reducing adolescent smoking. This study compared the tobacco control environment in Shanghai secondary schools in 2017 and 2021, and explored how the tobacco control environment influenced the tobacco control behaviors of school personnel. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted from October to December 2017 and October to December 2021, using stratified cluster random sampling method, and 2403 and 1761 valid questionnaires were collected, respectively. The chi-squared test was used to test the differences between categorical variables. Binary logistic regression was conducted using survey data from 2021 to explore the influencing factors of staff's tobacco control behaviors. Compared with 2017, the percentages of staff members who were current smokers, had smoked on campus in the past year and were exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) on campus in the past 7 days in 2021 decreased by 2.95%, 2.30% and 8.91%, respectively. However, the proportion of personnel who knew the school had organized tobacco control education decreased. Furthermore, school personnel who had received tobacco control education and agreed the school should strictly prohibit students from smoking (AOR=1.64; 95% CI: 1.25-2.15) were more likely to inform about the harm of tobacco to students. Those who had participated in tobacco control education activities or tobacco control trainings (AOR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.30-2.69) and believed that the school did not strictly prohibit either students (AOR=0.30; 95% CI: 0.22-0.41) or personnel (AOR=0.46; 95% CI: 0.36-0.59) from smoking were more inclined to stop students from smoking. Compared with 2017, the rates of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among school personnel decreased in 2021, but some schools still lacked comprehensive education on tobacco control behaviors for the staff. Enhancing the health literacy and strengthening tobacco control education among staff were effective strategies to encouraging their active adoption of tobacco control behaviors.

Assessment of an intensive education program for pharmacists on treatment of tobacco use disorder using an objective structured clinical examination: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundTobacco use is one of the major public health threats globally. Community pharmacists are uniquely positioned to offer tobacco cessation services owing to their easy accessibility by the public. To prepare Qatar community pharmacists to develop the competencies and skills required to offer smoking cessation services, an intensive tobacco control education program was designed and implemented. The study aimed to assess the impact of the tobacco education program on the pharmacists’ skills and competence.MethodsA random sample of community pharmacists in Qatar was chosen for participation in the program. Consenting participants were randomly assigned to either intervention or control groups. The intervention group received an intensive education program on treatment of tobacco-use disorder, while a short didactic session on a non-tobacco-related topic was delivered to the control group. The pharmacists’ tobacco cessation skills and competencies were assessed using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE).ResultsA total of 54 and 32 community pharmacists in the intervention group and the control group, respectively, completed the OSCE. The intensive tobacco education group achieved significantly higher total scores than the control group in all the OSCE cases. Specifically, the mean total scores for the intervention group were 15.2, 15.3, 14.2, 14.6, 16.3, and 15.2 compared to 8.8, 6.2, 7.7, 9.2, 8.3, and 11.3 for the control group (p < 0.001) for cases one to six respectively.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that an intensive tobacco cessation education program can improve pharmacists’ tobacco cessation skills and increase their tobacco cessation counseling abilities.Trial registrationClinical Trials NCT03518476 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03518476) Registration date: May 8, 2018.

Attitudes and practices of tobacco cessation counseling among Saudi dental professionals: A nationwide cross-sectional survey.

Dental professionals can play a pivotal role in educating the public about the harmful effects of smoking and encouraging them to quit the habit. This study assesses the attitudes and practices of tobacco cessation counseling (TCC) among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia. This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study targeted dentists and dental interns working in government and private sectors in Saudi Arabia. We conducted a descriptive analysis by using SPSS Statistics, version 25.0. A total of 895 respondents (314 interns and 581 dentists) participated in this survey. Although the majority of respondents (93%) reported that they always ask patients about tobacco habits, only 59% reported recording tobacco habits in patients' files, and only 55% of the respondents reported explaining to patients the harmful effects of tobacco. Around 91% of the participants believe that a dental clinic is an appropriate place for TCC, and 22% believe that TCC has a negative impact on dental practice. Smoking status, work setting, and the number of years since graduation were found to be significantly associated with the respondents' attitudes and practices. Lack of training, time limitations, and lack of confidence were barriers for TCC. Dental professionals in Saudi Arabia demonstrated relatively positive attitudes but weak practices of TCC. Continuous education and motivation are needed to improve dentists' confidence, attitudes, and willingness for TCC. Integration of tobacco control education in undergraduate curricula is recommended.

Exposure to Anti-Tobacco Messaging and Quit Attempts among Adolescent and Young Adult in Lagos, Nigeria: A Population-based Study

Background: Health behavior theories suggest that knowledge about the health risks of the behavior precedes behavior change. Tobacco control messages aim to promote knowledge of health risks associated with tobacco use and encourage smoking cessation behaviors such as quit attempts and intention to quit. This study assessed the relationship between exposure to Anti-Tobacco Messaging (ATM) and quit attempts among adolescents and young adults in Lagos, Nigeria.&#x0D; Methods: This was an online cross-sectional survey of 947 participants aged between 15-35 years. The survey obtained sociodemographic information, smoking status, exposure to ATM, intention to quit and quit attempts in the past 12-months. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between exposure to ATM and quit attempts; pvalues &lt;0.05 were considered significant. Statistical analysis was done using STATA-15.0 software.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of respondents was 23.4 years (SD:4.0). Less than one-third of the respondents were smokers (23.4%). The most common source of ATM were digital sources (online and social media - 29.6%). Based on the multivariable logistic regression model, younger age (p:0.03) and an intention to quit (p: &lt;0.001) were significantly associated with a quit attempt. Exposure to ATM in the past 12 months was also significantly associated with higher odds of a quit attempt (OR:5.33; 95% CI: 1.26,22.60; p: 0.02).&#x0D; Conclusion: Our findings suggest an association between exposure to ATM and quit attempts among adolescent and young adult smokers in Lagos State, Nigeria. Policymakers should consider measures aimed at promoting tobacco control education and improving access to smoking cessation services.&#x0D; Keywords: Adolescent; Intention to Quit; Quit attempt; youth; Tobacco.

Study on the Learning Effectiveness of the Tobacco Control Window Design Course in Line with the Visual Marketing Standards of the World Skills Competition

Objectives: Almost all smokers started smoking cigarettes before the age of 18 then became addicted to tobacco. Therefore, tobacco prevention education must be carried out throughout high school and university. Shunde Polytechnic integrates tobacco control health education into the window design curriculum, which allows students to complete and display tobacco control window design works on campus to cause discussion, thus achieving the promotion of tobacco control publicity and education. Based on the competition standards of the Visual Merchandising project of World Skills Competition, the original teaching methods were reformed in this research and the nine standards of the competition were divided into four modules for teaching. The required knowledge, specific skill requirements, and workflow were well integrated into the teaching of smoke control window design tasks to foster students’ abilities to display innovative design, window production, installation and operation, and teamwork. And the teaching results were verified according to World Skills Competition scoring methods and standards. The results showed that with the import of the Visual Merchandising project competition standard of World Skills Competition into the original window design course, on the one hand, the effects of students’ works and their self-satisfaction with their works have shown a significant improvement. On the other hand, although this kind of teaching method does not relieve the students’ mental, physical, time, and frustration pressure, it has stimulated and cultivated students’ good professional qualities. However, this research focuses on the assessment of professional skills and professionalism. Therefore, future research will more focus on evaluating the effectiveness of window design courses under the new teaching model in preventing youngsters from smoking or encouraging students to quit smoking, popularizing correct knowledge about the health hazards of tobacco, and establishing positive life beliefs.

Study On the Ideological and Political Construction of College Courses from the Content of Tobacco Control Education

Objectives: Using the theory of health education to guide students in efficient schools to carry out tobacco control intervention, and to study students' understanding of smoking, a behavior harmful to health. At the same time, it also studies the transformation from students' belief (attitude) to behavior. From this, through the content of tobacco control education, this paper studies the methods of Ideological and political construction in Colleges and universities. Methods: Through literature search, the research on tobacco control intervention at home and abroad was queried. The 18-20-year-old students of different majors in two meritorious universities a and B were given questionnaires by special personnel, and the questionnaires were filled in anonymously. After collecting the questionnaires, reject the unqualified questionnaires and sort out all the qualified questionnaires. EpiData was used to establish the database of the questionnaire, and SPSS was used for statistical analysis. According to the nature of the data, general descriptive analysis was used to explore the changes of various factors before and after the intervention of tobacco control health education. Results: In terms of smoking control attitude, 59.6% of smoking students did not want to quit smoking, and 85.1% of smoking students felt that smoking was conducive to social interaction. After the intervention of health education, the participation rate of students in tobacco control activities increased from 29.2% to 95.2%. The smoking rate decreased from 12.5% to 6.1%. More than 80% of smoking students have the desire to quit smoking. Conclusion: After making full use of the comprehensive health education method of the combination of new media and traditional intervention measures, students' mastery of the health theory of tobacco control has changed significantly. The attitude towards tobacco control is becoming more and more positive, and the smoking rate is much lower than that before the intervention. The research results can be used in the construction of Ideological and political education.

Survey on tobacco use and associated factors in population in Shandong province, 2016-2017

Objective: To understand the status of tobacco use and related influencing factors in population in Shandong province. Methods: Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select respondents from 216 villages (communities) of 36 districts (counties) in Shandong province. Influencing factors on smoking were analyzed by logistic regression model. Results: The adequate sample size was 6 271 participants. After complex weighted, the current smoking prevalence was 23.93%,45.58% in males and 1.18% in females. The Public's smoking rates varied widely among different groups in the population. 45-64 age group had the highest smoking rate (25.07%). Smoking rates were substantially different in education levels, with the highest in junior high school (28.94%). The rate was higher in the rural area (24.98%) than that in the urban areas (23.08%). The average daily smoking rate was 20.23%. The average age of initiating smoking was 21.21 years. The average daily cigarette intake was 16.31 cigarettes. Among all the former and current smokers, the quitting rate was 20.79%. Multiple logistic regression model analysis showed that gender, age, occupation, region, and health knowledge score were correlated with smoking behavior. The current smoking rate of men was much higher than that of women (OR=49.625, 95%CI: 37.832-65.093). The current smoking rate in 45-64 age group was higher than that in the 15-24 age group (OR=1.830, 95%CI: 1.048-3.194). The current smoking rate of medical (OR=0.403, 95%CI: 0.187-0.866) and retired personnel (OR=0.648, 95%CI: 0.481-0.873) were lower than those engaging in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and the fishery ,respectively. The prevalence of residents living in the central part showed lower rate on current smoking than that in the eastern region (OR=0.724, 95%CI: 0.606-0.865). The current smoking prevalence of smoke hazard in 1-3 score group was higher than that in the group with 4-6 score (OR=1.432, 95%CI: 1.240-1.654). Conclusions: Smoking rate in adults in Shandong remained stable and at a high level. Comprehensive intervention measures such as tobacco control and health education should be carried out to reduce the smoking rate.

Building capacity in tobacco control by establishing the Eastern Europe Nurses' Center of Excellence for Tobacco Control.

INTRODUCTIONProperly educated nurses delivering evidence-based tobacco dependence treatment could contribute to improving health and reducing regional disparities in tobacco-related disease and death in Central and Eastern Europe. The aims of this study are to describe development of the Eastern European Nurses’ Centre of Excellence for Tobacco Control (COE) and evaluate its online educational program on tobacco dependence treatment using the 5As framework.METHODSThe online education evaluation followed a prospective, single group, pre- and post-assessment of changes in nurses’ self-reported tobacco cessation interventions. Leaders from five Eastern European countries (Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia) developed protocols for in-country tobacco control education. Nurses responded to a baseline survey, accessed an online nursing educational program, and completed a follow-up survey at 3 months, in the period December 2015 to June 2016. A total of 695 nurses from five countries answered questions on cessation interventions at baseline and of these 507 (73%) completed a follow-up survey at 3 months.RESULTSAt the follow-up at 3 months, the 507 nurses self-reported a significant increase in providing all 5A components, i.e. nurses were significantly (p<0.0001) more likely to always /usually advise a patient to quit, assess interest in quitting (p=0.002), assist with a quit plan, review barriers to quitting and recommend a smoke-free home post-discharge (all p<0.0001). They were also significantly more likely (p=0.01) to agree or strongly agree that nurses have an obligation to advise patients on the risks of smoking. There was a significant increase (p<0.0001) in nurses’ estimate of the number of patients they provided a cessation intervention the previous week. Nurses who smoked were 60% more likely to assist and arrange compared to nurses who never smoked.CONCLUSIONSCoordinating multi-country activities through a COE was successful in engaging a network of nurses to use an online educational program and participate in other tobacco control activities.

The prevalence of smoking in male medical students from 16 Chinese medical colleges and the associated factors.

The prevalence of smoking among Chinese medical students in medical colleges is a matter of significant concern. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of smoking and the associated factors among these students. A total of 7,728 students from 16 colleges in 12 provinces were surveyed to measure their smoking behaviors, attitudes toward tobacco control, and knowledge about smoking risk. An evaluation of campus environment and policy was conducted at the same time. Frequencies were calculated using weighted estimators for complex sampling. A two-level logistic regression model was used to assess factors associated with current smoking. The prevalence of smoking among male medical students in the 16 medical colleges was 12.8%. Students' participation in smoking, smoking initiation after school enrollment, and intention-to-quit-smoking rates may be influenced by their anti-tobacco attitude, the belief that smoking can help to relieve stress, their parents' smoking behaviors, their best friend's attitude towards smoking and second-hand smoke exposure (SHSE), and their awareness of tobacco hazards. This study provides sufficient evidence to support the implementation of systematic intervention strategies to decrease the smoking rate among male medical students. These strategies may include tobacco control education, smoking cessation technologies, communication, and the enforcement of smoke-free policies to create a tobacco-controlled campus environment.

Association between smoking and the severity of coronary lesions among young and middle-aged female patients with acute coronary syndrome

Objective: To investigate the association between smoking and the severity of coronary lesions among young and middle-aged female patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Data of this study were derived from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China (CCC)-ACS project, a collaborative study of the Chinese Society of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. Since 2014, the CCC-ACS project consecutively enrolled inpatients with ACS, systematically collected their clinical data and evaluated medical quality of these patients from 158 tertiary hospitals and 82 secondary hospitals across China. This study enrolled female patients less than 60 years old with initial ACS, who received coronary angiography in CCC-ACS project. Patients were divided into two groups according to smoking status. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between smoking and the severity of coronary lesions among young and middle-aged female patients with ACS. Results: A total of 2 863 female patients younger than 60 years old with initial ACS, who received coronary angiography, were enrolled. Among them, 12% (340 cases) was smokers. Proportion of patients younger than 45 years old was higher (13.2% (45/340) vs. 8.5% (215/2 523), P<0.01) and prevalence of hypertension (59.4% (202/340) vs. 66.7% (1 683/2 523), P<0.01) and diabetes (39.4% (134/340) vs. 44.2% (1 116/2 523), P=0.09) was lower in smoker group than in non-smoker group. However, prevalence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (66.8% (227/340) vs. 53.7% (1 354/2 523), P<0.01), coronary multi-vessel lesions (39.1% (133/340) vs. 32.6% (822/2 523), P<0.01) and severe stenosis in either single-vessel (56.2% (109/194) vs. 46.1% (706/1 530), P<0.01) or multi-vessel (63.2% (84/133) vs. 58.2% (478/822), P=0.29) was significantly higher in smoker group than in non-smoker group. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that after adjusting for age, hypertension, diabetes, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated triglyceride, renal insufficiency, family history of coronary heart disease and types of ACS, smokers faced a higher risk of coronary multi-vessel lesions, coronary multi-vessel severe lesions and coronary severe lesions with the odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of 1.41 (1.11-1.79), 1.40 (1.10-1.78) and 1.78 (1.11-2.87), compared with non-smokers. Conclusions: Smoking is significantly associated with an increased risk of extensive and severe coronary lesions among young and middle-aged female patients with ACS. This study provides crucial evidence for further understanding the harms of smoking and the need to strengthen the tobacco control education and smoking cessation guidance for young and middle-aged women.

Tobacco use and attitudes on tobacco control among faculty members of a medical school in Northern Cyprus (tobacco use among medical teachers)

The smoking prevalence of medical faculty members has not been a subject of research as frequently as physicians and medical students. The objective of this study was to determine the status of tobacco use and some attitudes among medical faculty members of a Northern Cyprus university. The data were collected by a questionnaire of 22 questions, developed in compliance with WHO guidelines. The data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS 23.0 with p < .05 evaluated as significant. For this cross-sectional study, 128 members of the 146 academics responded (response rate of 87.7%). Lifetime smoking frequency was 46.9%. Current smokers comprised 21.9% while 7.0% consumed non-cigarette products with overall tobacco use of 26.6%. Of the smokers, 52.9% had started smoking at medical school. Regarding doctors being nonsmoking role models, positive attitudes were expressed significantly more by non-smokers than smokers. Only 33.8% were covering tobacco control in their teaching programs while 86.5% had positive attitudes for comprehensive tobacco control in the curriculum. The medical faculty members had a relatively high frequency of tobacco use and the tobacco issue did not have sufficient content in the education programs. Promisingly, the majority of the medical faculty members were in a supportive attitude for comprehensive tobacco control education.

The META-Oak Project: Using Photovoice to Investigate Youth Perspectives on Tobacco Companies’ Marketing of E-Cigarettes Toward Adolescents in Oakland

The California Adolescent Health Collaborative, a project of the Public Health Institute, in partnership with the University of California, San Francisco’s Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education jointly led a community-based participatory research (CBPR) study engaging youth coresearchers to fill the critical gap in knowledge about youth’s perceptions of electronic cigarette products and how they are marketed toward young people in Oakland. Youth coresearchers who were trained as journalists partnered with the adult investigators to explore the e-cigarette topic from their perspective, embedded in the context of their own experiences and those of others in their communities. The goal of this exploratory CBPR study was to improve understanding of how and why youth (ages: 14-24 years) in Oakland are adopting (or resisting) e-cigarettes, how youth respond to increasing availability of e-cigarettes in their communities, and how they perceive communications about e-cigarettes (e.g., advertising) and in turn communicate about the products to each other.

Secondhand Smoke and Women's Cognitive Function in China.

Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is known to be harmful to health. However, the association between household SHS and cognitive function among middle-aged and older women in China is understudied. Lagged dependent variable regression was used to examine the association between household SHS exposure and the cognitive function of married women who had been exposed to SHS, using data from 2 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2013). Controlling for age, educational attainment, geographic residence, household expenditures, and chronic conditions (i.e., hypertension, diabetes, and depressive symptoms), the results indicated that longer SHS exposure was associated with a greater decline in memory over 2 years. After comparing differences across age groups, this pattern was significant for women aged 55-64 years. Furthermore, those who were illiterate, lived in rural areas, and reported depressive symptoms had a greater decline in memory. With evidence linking household SHS exposure with a higher risk of cognitive decline, effective education and public health intervention programs are urgently needed. Stronger tobacco control regulations and education about the dangers of household SHS are viable strategies to reduce the impending dementia epidemic in China.

Here Comes Trouble: A Career as a Tobacco Control Activist.

Dr Glantz is Professor of Medicine in the Division of Cardiology, the Truth Initiative Distinguished Professor of Tobacco Control, and Director of the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine. He obtained a BSc in aerospace engineering from the University of Cincinnati in 1969 and an MSc and PhD in applied mechanics from Stanford University. He is the author of 4 books, including The Cigarette Papers and Primer of Biostatistics He is also a member of the University of California, San Francisco Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Health Policy Studies and Co-leader of the University of California, San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center Tobacco Program. He was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 2005.

Chinese smokers' behavioral response toward cigarette price: individual and regional correlates.

BackgroundMany studies have explored smokers’ behavioral response to cigarette prices at the individual level, but none have factored in regional variation and determinants. This study addresses these research gaps in the Chinese context.MethodsA cross-sectional multistage sampling process was used to recruit participants in 21 cities in China. Individual-level information was collected using standardized questionnaires. City-level variables were retrieved from a nationall database. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to assess price sensitivity variation at both individual and city levels.ResultsAmong 5660 current smokers, 5.9 % used non-self-paying cigarettes, 32.8 % purchased cigarettes in cartons, and 5.2 % decreased their smoking expenditure due to price. Multilevel analysis showed that individual demographic and smoking expenditure characteristics and regional smoking restrictions in work places, cigarette production, and media news coverage are associated with price sensitivity.ConclusionsThis study adds substantially to the understanding of Chinese smokers’ behavioral responses to cigarette prices. Increasing smoker sensitivity to cigarette prices will require stronger tobacco control and public education campaigns.

Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Intention for Tobacco Control Among Nursing Students

SESSION TITLE: Smoking and Health SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Slide PRESENTED ON: Saturday, April 16, 2016 at 05:15 PM - 06:15 PM PURPOSE: To investigate the nursing students’ in the future nursing work, and provide evidence for developing tobacco control education in the nursing students METHODS: With cluster sampling method, 5210 nursing students in two medical universities in Chongqing city filled in questionnaires RESULTS: The rate that nursing students were willing to take the initiative to ask the smoking status of patients or community service objects was 81.3%. Single factor analysis showed that the factors impacting the nursing students’ behavior of the initiative to ask nursing objects's smoking status were age, grade, degree, parental smoking, attitude and environment of tobacco control, participation in tobacco control (P＜0.05). Multiple factors regression analysis revealed that the responders with bachelor degree, nonsmoking parents, intentions of participating tobacco control, eyes keeping on information of tobacco control, recent exchanges on dangers of tobacco, the experiences of advising smokers to quit smoking or discouraging smoking in public places tended to take the initiative to ask others’ smoking status in the future work (P＜0.05) CONCLUSIONS: The nursing students’ intention for tobacco control is affected by a number of factors, pointed tobacco control educational practice should be taken to develop their social responsibility and practical ability of tobacco control participation CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: To provide evidence for developing tobacco control education in the nursing students DISCLOSURE: The following authors have nothing to disclose: Chen Hong No Product/Research Disclosure Information

Does electronic cigarette liquid nicotine concentration and user experience influence plasma nicotine concentration?

Does electronic cigarette liquid nicotine concentration and user experience influence plasma nicotine concentration?

Content analysis of cannabis smartphone applications

Content analysis of cannabis smartphone applications