Tobacco Advertising Research Articles

Commercial Tobacco Retailing in Tribal Jurisdictions: A Field Study

Objectives: Our objective was to provide data contrasting commercial tobacco retailing in Tribal versus non-Tribal jurisdictions, in 3 states. These data may be relevant for US Food and Drug Administration regulation of Tribal retailing. Methods: With Tribal permission, observations were made on commercial tobacco advertising, product variety, pricing, and retail concept for stores within and just outside Tribal jurisdictions in areas of Arizona (AZ), California (CA), and Oklahoma (OK). Results: A total of 87 Tribal (20 AZ, 53 CA, 14 OK) and 67 (10, 43, 14) non-Tribal retailer visits were completed. There was substantial variation across tribes, with sales in AZ and most CA Tribal jurisdictions handled at convenience stores, whereas OK Tribal retailing was done mostly in specialized tobacco-specialty shops. Electronic cigarettes were ubiquitous across Tribal and non-Tribal outlets. Advertising and breadth of cigarette offerings was most extensive in the tobacco specialty retailers of Tribal OK. Surprisingly, Tribally manufactured cigarettes were found only at some CA Tribal retailers. Conclusions: Some Tribal commercial tobacco outlets actually price above their non-Tribal competitors and there is substantial variation in retailing strategy across Tribal jurisdictions. Tribal governments can continue to evaluate and reform commercial tobacco retailing so as to improve Tribal health.

Analysis of Smoking Behavior Risk Factors in Adolescent through Health Belief Model Approaches

BACKGROUND: Teenagers who smoke are very susceptible to product degradation which is seen in the low quality of human resources. Identification of risk factors needed as a first step before health interventions to prevent and reduce smoking rates in adolescents.
 AIM: This study aims to analyze the risk factors for smoking behavior in adolescents through the health believe model approach.
 METHODS: The design of this study is observational using a cross-sectional approach with the sample size, namely, 156 respondents. The instrument planned to be used in this study is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. This study has received permission from relevant parties, including having received approval from the ULM FK Ethics Commission. The variables to be studied are, dependent: Smoking and independent behavior: Gender, knowledge, attitude, parental influence, peer influence, and cigarette advertising. The data analysis used Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test with a significance level of p < 0.05.
 RESULTS: Frequency distribution, 139 (89.1%) respondents do not smoke, 81 (51.9%) respondents were female, 147 (5.8%) respondents are well-informed, and 141 (90.4%) respondents have a positive attitude, the number of respondents who are not affected by the smoking behavior of the elderly is 142 people (91%). Number of respondents who are not affected by peer smoking behaviors is 150 people (96.2%) and 144 people (92.3%) of the respondents were exposed to cigarette advertisements in the high category. Statistical tests show that the variables that have a significant relationship with smoking behavior are gender (p = 0.000), attitude (p = 0.000), parental influence (p = 0.000), and cigarette advertising (p = 0.000).
 CONCLUSIONS: There are four variables which have a relationship with smoking behavior, namely, there is a relationship between gender, attitude, the influence of parents, and cigarette advertising with smoking behavior.

Targeted Truth: An Experiment Testing the Efficacy of Counterindustry Tobacco Advertisements Targeted to Black Individuals and Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals.

Some groups disproportionately suffer from tobacco-related illnesses-in part, because the tobacco industry has strategically targeted these groups. To combat industry targeting, antitobacco media campaigns (eg, the truth campaign) have used analogous messaging strategies, describing the industry's targeted marketing practices to reach these vulnerable groups. We tested the efficacy of counterindustry tobacco advertisements targeted to vulnerable groups (Black individuals and sexual and gender minority [SGM] individuals). From March to July 2020, we recruited N = 1161 young adults in the United States, including n = 430 Black young adults and n = 452 SGM young adults (with n = 108 identifying as Black and SGM). In a web-based, between-subjects experiment, participants were randomized to watch one of four types of advertisement ("ad"): (1) ads from the truth antismoking campaign not targeted toward a specific vulnerable group, (2) Black-targeted truth ads, (3) SGM-targeted truth ads, or (4) unrelated control ads. We examined effects on support for tobacco control policies, counterindustry motivation, counterindustry beliefs, perceived effectiveness, and anger toward the industry. Relative to control, non-targeted ads increased policy support, and Black-targeted ads increased motivation and beliefs. Targeted ads elicited anger regardless of the audience targeted. However, in general, neither Black identity nor SGM identity moderated the effects of the targeted ads. We offer little evidence that targeted counterindustry ads are especially influential for their intended group. However, targeted counterindustry appeals may be successful at evoking industry anger regardless of the audience targeted. Counterindustry advertisements from the truth campaign targeting Black individuals and SGM individuals had limited effect on tobacco control policies, counterindustry motivation, and counterindustry beliefs. However, counterindustry ads evoked anger toward the industry regardless of ingroup status, which in turn was positively associated with anti-industry outcomes. These results, considered alongside the extant literature, suggest little benefit to developing targeted counterindustry tobacco campaigns for specific groups and instead point to the utility of developing campaigns that appeal to broader audiences.

Self-reported exposure of Indonesian adolescents to online and offline tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS)

ObjectivesTo quantify tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS), self-reported exposure from online and offline platforms among adolescents in Indonesia.MethodsA cross-sectional school-based survey was conducted in 2017. In total, 2820 students...

Associations Between Exposure to The Real Cost Campaign, Pro-Tobacco Advertisements, and Tobacco Use Among Youth in the U.S.

E-cigarette use is rising among youth. Advertising and anti-tobacco campaigns may be associated with the use of E-cigarettes and other tobacco products. This study examines the associations between tobacco use and exposure to The Real Cost's first campaign focusing on E-cigarettes. Using the 2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey, a national survey of middle and high school students, the associations between exposure to The Real Cost anti-tobacco campaign, exposure to pro-tobacco advertising, and the use of tobacco products in the past 30 days (exclusive E-cigarettes, exclusive other tobacco use, and dual/poly use of E-cigarettes and other tobacco products) was examined. Other tobacco included anything but E-cigarettes. Participants (N=13,165) were aged 11-17 years. Exposure to The Real Cost campaign was associated with decreased odds of using other tobacco products (AOR=0.60, 95% CI=0.43, 0.84) and dual/poly use (AOR=0.77, 95% CI=0.63, 0.94) but not E-cigarette use. Greater E-cigarette advertising exposure was associated with increased odds of being an exclusive E-cigarette user (AOR=1.90, 95% CI=1.52, 2.30) or dual/poly user (AOR=1.69, 95% CI=1.31, 2.18). Greater exposure to other tobacco advertising was associated with increased odds of being a dual/poly user (AOR=1.32, 95% CI=1.01, 1.71) but lower odds of exclusive E-cigarette use (AOR=0.76, 95% CI=0.60, 0.97). Exposure to The Real Cost campaign was associated with decreased odds of using other tobacco products and dual/poly products. Exposure to pro-tobacco advertising was also associated with use. Future studies should assess the long-term effectiveness of anti-tobacco messaging.

Retail Marketing of Menthol Cigarettes in Los Angeles, California: a Challenge to Health Equity.

IntroductionSales of menthol cigarettes continue to increase, accounting for a third of the US cigarette market. Retail marketing of menthol cigarettes is a contributing factor to tobacco-related health disparities. To inform regulation to address associated disparities, we examined retail marketing strategies for menthol cigarettes and their features and characteristics in relation to neighborhood racial/ethnic composition.MethodsWe used multilevel regression models to examine associations of neighborhood racial/ethnic composition and store type with menthol cigarette sales outcomes, including availability, exterior advertising, price promotions, and price in a sample of tobacco retailers (N = 673) in Los Angeles County neighborhoods with a median or below-median household income. We also recorded the prices of Newport cigarettes (the highest selling menthol cigarette brand in the United States) and blu disposable menthol e-cigarettes.ResultsOverall, 94.5% of retailers sold menthol cigarettes, 31.2% displayed menthol cigarette price promotions, and 30.2% displayed at least one menthol cigarette advertisement on their exterior. Adjusting for racial/ethnic zip code cluster and store type, stores located in predominantly African American neighborhoods showed significantly higher odds in the availability of Newport cigarettes than stores in Hispanic neighborhoods (OR = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09–0.53; P = .001) or non-Hispanic White (OR = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05–0.31; P < .001) neighborhoods. Stores located in predominantly African American neighborhoods displayed significantly higher odds of having price promotions for menthol cigarettes and storefront advertisements than those in Hispanic neighborhoods (OR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30–0.88; P = .02 and OR = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.13–0.48; P < .001, respectively).ConclusionIn 2016 and 2017, menthol cigarettes were widely available in Los Angeles County across racial/ethnic neighborhoods. We found a disproportionate number of storefront advertisements and price promotions for menthol cigarettes in stores located in predominantly African American neighborhoods along with the lowest advertised pack price. This evidence supports tobacco control policies that restrict menthol cigarette sales in the retail environment.

PENGARUH PAPARAN MEDIA, SIKAP DAN NIAT TERHADAP PERILAKU TIDAK MEROKOK REMAJA DI YOGYAKARTA

Background: Information about cigarettes lately is getting more intense. many teenagers who initially did not smoke became smokers because of the many cigarette advertisements seen and heard.&#x0D; Methods: Data obtained by distributing questionnaires, respondents as many as 400 adolescents and then analyzed the path using stata.&#x0D; Results: There is a direct influence on the intention of adolescents not to smoke towards non-smoking behavior of adolescents in the Kulon Progo Regency of Yogyakarta (b = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.18 to 2.29; p &lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Direct effect of the intention of adolescents not to smoke on adolescent non-smoking behavior. Indirect effect between media exposure and non-smoking attitudes on non-smoking behavior in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta.

Tobacco and E-Cigarettes Point of Sale Advertising-Assessing Compliance with Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship Bans in Poland.

The objective of this study was to evaluate compliance with the ban on tobacco and e-cigarette products advertising at point of sale (POS) before and after amendment of the Polish Tobacco Control Act. Data were collected, using an observation checklist, between March and October 2014 (n = 1450 POS) and between March and October 2019 (n = 1320 POS). Ban on tobacco and e-cigarette advertising at POS is commonly violated in Poland. In all POS, at least one form (including tobacco products display) of tobacco advertising was found in 2014 and in 2019. The most common types of tobacco advertising in 2014 were change and counter mats (61%, 42%), posters (38%) and illuminated banners (37%). In 2019, a decrease in promoting tobacco products in the form of mats (p ≤ 0.001), posters and boards (p < 0.001) but an increase in video screens were observed (from 8% in 2014 to 30% in 2019; p < 0.001). A significant increase in the presence of any e-cigarette ads, including e-cigarette displays, illuminated banners and video screens, was observed in 2019 as compared to 2014 (90% vs. 30%; 89% vs. 20%; 31% vs. 2%; 31% vs. 0.5%; p < 0.001). The minimum age or a no-sale-to-minors signs for tobacco and e-cigarettes were not sufficiently placed in POS to comply with the Act. Poor enforcement of the ban on tobacco and e-cigarette ads at POS provides the tobacco industry with an opportunity to promote their products using unlawful ways. There is a need to educate the public, retailers and civil society with respect to their legal responsibilities and roles.

Branding Cannabis in Canada: Challenges for theCannabis Act's Promotion Restrictions

Background:This article examines how Canadian cannabis companies promoted their new brands after legalization in late-2018. Analysis:Nearly 4,000 items were collected from the websites and social media of 20 cannabis brands and triangulated with insight from the trade press. The promotional practices are contextualized in two areas: the history of tobacco advertising in Canada, as legal precedent for the Cannabis Act, and theories of branding. Conclusion and implications:Brands are navigating the Cannabis Act’s promotion restrictions by embodying what it means to be a brand in the twenty-first-century media environment. This reveals an incompatibility between regulations and contemporary marketing.

Spatial analysis of outdoor tobacco advertisement around children and adolescents in Indonesia

ABSTRACT There is a major gap of action by the Indonesian government to control tobacco advertisement. This study aimed to compare outdoor tobacco advertisements (OTAs) in locations with and without OTA bans in relation to their proximity to children and adolescents. Global positioning system coordinates of all OTAs visible from the streets in Banyuwangi and Surabaya in East Java province were collected and analysed to determine their density at 0–100, >100–300 and >300–500 m from facilities used by children and adolescents. Hotspot analysis was conducted to identify places with exceptionally high densities of OTAs. The number and density of OTAs in Surabaya, where there was no policy for controlling OTAs, were greater than those in Banyuwangi, where OTAs were partially banned. Regardless of the existence of a ban, OTAs were 2.6–3.4 times denser in areas closer to facilities used by children and adolescents than further apart. The OTA point hotspots approximated the hotspots of tobacco retailers and facilities used by children and adolescents in both locations. A partial ban may only have a small impact. A total advertising ban, including at point of sale, should be encouraged for both locations for optimal protection of children and adolescents.

Analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes Pada Iklan Rokok Apache Versi Hidup Gue Cara Gue

One of the media products that have the ability to change people’s knowledge, attitudes and behavior is advertising. Advertising is a form of communication between producers, consumers and audiences by utilizing mass media, so that messages can be accepted by audiences globally and simultaneously. The advertising communication contains information about the existence of the product through words, images, writing and voice which are packaged in such an attractive way to encourage audiences to purchase the advertised products. This study aims to analyze and raise the meaning of the signifier, signified, denotative and connotative as well as the moral messages contained in the Apache cigarette advertisement version of My Life, My Way, which is broadcast on television media. Lifting a story about the success story of man in his coffee making business. To examine this problem thoroughly and deeply, a qualitative descriptive approach and Roland Barthes’ semiotic analysis were used. Semiotics is considered appropriate to find out or decipher something that is behind the sign meaning of the advertisement. In this study, it is concluded that the meaning of the signifier, signified, denotative and connotative is listed in several signs such as coffe, humans, NTT areas, facial expressions and unyielding efforts. The moral message that is conveyed is that it takes a resilient and unyielding nature when trying to achieve success, trusting in our abilities as a support to improve our lives for the better and be grateful for whatever results we get because of the good and bad things that happen to us is something that has been arranged by Allah SWT.

Tobacco Magazine Advertising Impacts Longitudinal Changes in the Number of Tobacco Products Used by Young Adults

PurposeThe present study examined the longitudinal associations between exposure to tobacco advertisements in magazines popular among young adults and changes in the number of tobacco products used by young adults. MethodsParticipants were 4,824 students from 24 Texas colleges participating in a longitudinal study. Tobacco advertisements in 11 magazines, collected from 2015 to 2017, were objectively assessed and young adults self-reported the frequency of reading each magazine on five biannual surveys from 2015 to 2017. The objective and self-reported measures were multiplied to create a tobacco advertisement exposure score. Growth curve models were used to determine if exposure to tobacco advertisements in magazines predicted changes in the number of tobacco products used across the 2-year period, controlling for sociodemographic factors, ever tobacco use, recall of tobacco advertisements on the internet, and personality characteristics. ResultsYoung adults with more exposure to tobacco advertisements reported a slower decline in the number of tobacco products they used across time. ConclusionsTobacco advertising in magazines contributes to the continuation of single-product and polyproduct use among young adults. Findings highlight the need for additional federal regulations limiting advertisements for all types of tobacco products in magazines, particularly those popular among young adults, the youngest legal targets of the tobacco industry.

Medico-Legal Updates of the Adverse Threat of Cigarette Advertisements on Children

Advertising is an integral part of modern business activities. Information on ad serving in the form of true,clear and honest information about the condition and guarantee of goods is a consumer right that must begiven by business actors. In Indonesia, cigarette advertisements in laws and regulations limit and provideseveral conditions. Some cigarette advertisements do not meet the conditions. The results showed thatcigarette advertisements include, visual, tagline, images, placement, airtime, and content of advertisementsusing psychological persuasion, targeting the share of adolescents and children, who play a role in the onsetof cigarette use, encouraging young people to start smoking that threatens children and teenagers.

Sociocultural factors contributing to waterpipe tobacco smoking among adolescents and young adult women: a qualitative study in Iran

ABSTRACT Purpose: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is currently a serious and growing public health threat in the world, especially in adolescents and young women. The aim of the study was to explore sociocultural factors contributing to WTS among adolescents and young adult women in Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from August 2017 to January 2019 in Isfahan and Hamadan cities, Iran; it included 13–30-year-old females with experience of WTS. For data collection, in-depth semi-structured personal interviews were conducted at participants’ preferred time and place. Concurrent with data collection, data were analysed through conventional content analysis. Results: The study participants described the various sociocultural factors contributing to WTS. These factors were categorized into four following main categories: waterpipe glamorization by its producers and sellers, media advertisement or silence, common sociocultural traditions, and governmental policies and regulations. Conclusion: A wide range of sociocultural factors affects WTS among Iranian adolescents and young adult women. Therefore, interdisciplinary multidimensional strategies are needed for WTS management and prevention among these at-risk groups. Public education, strict supervision of tobacco import, export, and selling, ample employment opportunities for young people and effective leisure time management are essential to reduce WTS.Abbreviation WTS: Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking; MPOWER: Monitor tobacco use and prevention policies, Protect people from tobacco smoke, Offer help to quit tobacco use, Warn about the dangers of tobacco, Enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, Raise taxes on tobacco

Indirect tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorships in the Indian Premier League 2020: Tobacco Industry's continuous presence in Indian cricket

BackgroundIndian Premier League (IPL) cricket tournament - a shorter version of the sport which is played between assorted company-owned or individual owner teams - has grown immensely popular over the last decade. There is long history of tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) in cricket. While direct and indirect TAPS is completely prohibited under the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003 the nexus between tobacco industry and cricket in India continues. We monitored any tobacco product and allied brand or surrogate advertisement, promotion, sponsorship (TAPS) or placement during every match played in the IPL-13 season in the year 2020. MethodsUsing an investigative approach, 60 match highlights during IPL-13 (during September 19 to November 10, 2020) were monitored for TAPS (both on-site i.e. sportswear and/or in stadia) shown on the official website (www.iplt20.com). All sponsors and advertisers were validated using brand names or logos from their respective official website. ResultsTwo IPL teams (Rajasthan Royals and Royal Challengers Bangalore) were sponsored by major tobacco industry owned brands. Violations by a major smokeless tobacco company promoting their brand extension product i.e. Vimal Elaichi, on the official telecast websites (www.espncricinfo.com and www.cricbuzz.com) and television channels (www.Zeenews.india.com/Gujarati) was observed. Tobacco companies i.e. Kamla Pasand and ITC Limited were also listed as associate sponsors for the 2020 championship. ConclusionDespite comprehensive ban under India's tobacco control law (COTPA, 2003), sponsorship by tobacco industry was found widespread in IPL-13. Advertisement and logos of tobacco companies are persistent during the telecast and promotion of the IPL events, in clear violation of India's tobacco control legislation and Article 13 of WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) and its guidelines. Given that India and South Asia comprise the largest audience for televised cricket, strong exclusion criteria is needed by the international cricket authority and national cricket associations to ensure compliance with the national law and global good practice, making the cricketing world truly tobacco free.

Tobacco imagery in entertainment media: evolution of tobacco-free movies and television programmes rules in India

IntroductionTobacco imagery in films and television increased in India after it ended conventional tobacco advertising in 2004. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) introduced rules to eliminate this...

Characteristic features of tobacco advertising in the Russian Empire in the late 19th - early 20th centuries as part of urban everyday life

Characteristic features of tobacco advertising in the Russian Empire in the late 19th - early 20th centuries as part of urban everyday life

Representasi Perempuan Dalam Iklan Rokok

AbstracCigarette advertisement is one of the ads that has an interesting concept because it is limited by some laws. So inevitably, demand that cigarette’s advertisement thinks harder in their efforts to display a cigarette without displaying the shape and embodiment of its product. So, don’t be surprised if cigarette advertisement can cause many interpretations and even cause contradiction in society. This case of cigarette advertisement A MILD Edition “Mula Mula Malu-Malu, Lama Lama Mau”. Based on the results of research by using analysis of Roland Barthes, then cigarette advertising shows that the advertisement does not apply of the principle of gender equality and woman’s emancipation, even advertising tend to be patriarchy, bend and change the image of woman in accordance with the product offered. Keyword: Advertisement, cigarette, woman

Tobacco Advertising Features That May Contribute to Product Appeal Among US Adolescents and Young Adults.

Cigarette advertising is a causal agent of smoking uptake among young people. Although prior research links ad receptivity to tobacco product interest and use, little is known regarding the specific advertising tactics associated with increased product appeal among young people. A national sample of 13-20 year-olds (N = 3688, youth) and 21-24 year-olds (N = 1556, young adults) in the US participated in an online survey in 2017 (mean age 18.1 years). The majority (72.0%) of youth and nearly half (44.8%) of young adults were never smokers. Participants were shown a cigarette ad, randomly assigned from a pool of 50 advertisements, and reported how much they liked the ad, and were curious about and interested in using the advertised product. All 50 advertisements were content analyzed for a variety of features. Data from the survey and content analysis were merged and mixed effects analyses used to identify the features associated with increased liking, curiosity, and interest in using, referred to collectively as product appeal. Presence of a sweepstakes offer was associated with increased liking, curiosity and interest among youth and curiosity and interest among young adults. Outdoors settings, flora imagery, natural descriptors, and environmental themes were associated with increased appeal. Price reductions (eg, coupons) were associated with decreased appeal among youth. This study identified several advertising tactics associated with increased appeal among youth and young adults. If additional research confirms these findings, the U.S. Food and Drug Association should consider restricting use of these tactics in tobacco advertising. This study's findings provide insight into features of cigarette ads that appeal to youth and young adults. Overall, the presence of sweepstakes appealed to youth and young adults and outdoors and environmental themes were particularly appealing to young adults. Such tactics could serve to further brand engagement, improve brand image and lead to initiation or escalation of use. If confirmatory studies further demonstrate the effects of the tactics identified in this study on youth product appeal, U.S. Food and Drug Administration should consider using its authority to restrict the use of youth-appealing tactics.

Prevalence of heated tobacco product use among adolescents in Taiwan.

To determine the penetration of heated tobacco products (HTPs) into the youth market in Taiwan, with a particular focus on the correlation between IQOS use and the usage of other tobacco products. Data from the 2018 Global Youth Tobacco Survey were used to assess previous experience with and current use (within 30 days prior to survey completion) of IQOS products by Taiwanese students aged 12-18 years. Independent variables included the usage patterns of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The control variables included background information (gender, grade, monthly income/allowance, household educational level, smoking status at home and among close friends), access to free cigarettes, as well as exposure to cigarette advertisements and anti-tobacco courses. Logistic regression was used to identify tobacco usage patterns correlated with IQOS use. In 2018, 2.33% of Taiwan's adolescents were currently using IQOS and 4.17% had tried IQOS. The use of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes (individually and together) were associated with an elevated risk of the ever use and current use of IQOS. Despite the fact that HTP products are not sold legally in Taiwan, the use of IQOS products by young people is far from negligible. We recommend amending the "Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act" to include regulations pertaining to the sale and marketing of HTPs.